- Construction and Evaluation of Molecular Models: Guide and Design of Novel SE Inhibitors
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Squalene epoxidase (SE) was considered an important antifungal target to block ergosterol synthesis. In this study, molecular models of CASE including the homology model and the SBP were constructed, respectively. Three representative SE inhibitors were selected and docked into the active site of CASE. Subsequently, the novel SE inhibitors were designed based on the analysis of the inhibitor binding mode and the distribution of pharmacophore features. These compounds were further synthesized and tested in vitro. They exhibited a certain degree of antifungal activity, especially compound 7a-2, which also has a significant inhibitory effect on resistant fungi. Further analysis found that compound 7a-2 could inhibit SE, which is similar to naftifine. The study proved the rationality of the molecular models; they can help us design and discover more potent antifungal SE inhibitors.
- An, Yunfei,Dong, Yue,Han, Jun,Min, Liu,Sun, Bin,Zhao, Dongmei,Zhao, Liyu
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Read Online
- Synthesis of deuterium and C-13-labelled ethyl glycolate and their subsequent use in the synthesis of labelled analogues of the DNA adduct O 6-carboxymethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine
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The adduct O6-carboxymethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (O 6CMdG) is of importance as it has been previously linked to high red meat diet in humans, and as yet, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has not been developed due to lack of appropriate standards. The synthesis of the deuterated and C-13 analogues required the use of [ 2H2]- and [13C2]ethyl glycolate to label the carboxymethyl moiety of O6CMdG. [2H 2]Ethyl glycolate was synthesised via acid hydrolysis of ethyl diazoacetate using deuterated solvents (59% yield), whilst [13C 2]ethyl glycolate was synthesised from [13C 2]glycine in a three-step procedure (35% yield). The labelled ethyl glycolates were then used to synthesise [2H2]- and [ 13C2]O6CMdG for future use as internal standards in the LC-MS analysis of biological samples.
- Moore, Sharon A.,Shuker, David E. G.
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Read Online
- Dispirooxindoles based on 2-selenoxo-imidazolidin-4-ones: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and ros generation ability
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A regio-and diastereoselective synthesis of two types of dispiro derivatives of 2-selenoxoim-idazolidin-4-ones, differing in the position of the nitrogen atom in the central pyrrolidine ring of the spiro-fused system—namely, 2-selenoxodispiro[imidazolidine-4,3′-pyrrolidine-2′,3′′-indoline]-2′′, 5-diones (5a-h) and 2-senenoxodispiro[imidazolidine-4,3′-pyrrolidine-4′,3′′-indoline]-2′′,5-diones (6a-m)—were developed based on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated from isatin and sarcosine or formaldehyde and sarcosine to 5-arylidene or 5-indolidene-2-selenoxo-tetrahydro-4H-imidazole-4-ones. Selenium-containing dispiro indolinones generally exhibit cytotoxic activity near to the activity of the corresponding oxygen and sulfur-containing derivatives. Compounds 5b, 5c, and 5e demonstrated considerable in vitro cytotoxicity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test (concentration of compounds that caused 50% death of cells (CC50) 7.6–8.7 μM) against the A549 cancer cell line with the VA13/A549 selectivity index 5.2– 6.9 and compound 6e—against the MCF7 cancer cell line (CC50 20.6 μM, HEK293T/A549 selectivity index 1.6); some compounds (5 and 6) increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the experiment on A549 and PC3 cells using platinized carbon nanoelectrode. The tests for p53 activation for compounds 5 and 6 on the transcriptional reporter suggest that the investigated compounds can only have an indirect p53-dependent mechanism of action. For the compounds 5b, 6b, and 6l, the ROS generation may be one of the significant mechanisms of their cytotoxic action.
- Novotortsev, Vladimir K.,Kukushkin, Maxim E.,Tafeenko, Viktor A.,Skvortsov, Dmitry A.,Kalinina, Marina A.,Timoshenko, Roman V.,Chmelyuk, Nelly S.,Vasilyeva, Liliya A.,Tarasevich, Boris N.,Gorelkin, Petr V.,Erofeev, Alexander S.,Majouga, Alexander G.,Zyk, Nikolai V.,Beloglazkina, Elena K.
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- Novel naphthylamide derivatives as dual-target antifungal inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation
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Fungal infections have become a serious medical problem due to the high infection rate and the frequent emergence of drug resistance. Squalene epoxidase (SE) and 14α-demethylase (CYP51) are considered as the important antifungal targets, they can show the synergistic effect on antifungal therapy. In the study, a series of active fragments were screened through the method of De Novo Link, and these active fragments with the higher Ludi_Scores were selected, which can show the obvious binding ability with the dual targets (SE, CYP51). Subsequently, three series of target compounds with naphthyl amide scaffolds were constructed by connecting these core fragments, and their structures were synthesized. Most of compounds showed the antifungal activity in the treatment of pathogenic fungi. It was worth noting that compounds 10b-5 and 17a-2 with the excellent broad-spectrum antifungal properties also exhibited the obvious antifungal effects against drug-resistant fungi. Preliminary mechanism study has proved these target compounds can block the biosynthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting the activity of dual targets (SE, CYP51). Furthermore, target compounds 10–5 and 17a-2 with low toxicity side effects also demonstrated the excellent pharmacological effects in vivo. The molecular docking and ADMET prediction were performed, which can guide the optimization of subsequent lead compounds.
- An, Yunfei,Dong, Yue,Liu, Min,Han, Jun,Zhao, Liyu,Sun, Bin
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- Structural Fine-Tuning of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists Defines Their in Vivo Adjuvant Activity
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We report on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) desmuramylpeptide agonists with improved in vitro and in vivo adjuvant properties. We identified two promising compounds: 68, a potent nanomolar in vitro NOD2 agonist, and the more lipophilic 75, which shows superior adjuvant activity in vivo. Both compounds had immunostimulatory effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the protein and transcriptional levels, and augmented dendritic-cell-mediated activation of T cells, while 75 additionally enhanced the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against malignant cells. The C18 lipophilic tail of 75 is identified as a pivotal structural element that confers in vivo adjuvant activity in conjunction with a liposomal delivery system. Accordingly, liposome-encapsulated 75 showed promising adjuvant activity in mice, surpassing that of muramyl dipeptide, while achieving a more balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, thus highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.
- Guzelj, Samo,Nabergoj, Sanja,Gobec, Martina,Pajk, Stane,Klan?i?, Veronika,Slütter, Bram,Frkanec, Ru?a,?timac, Adela,?ket, Primo?,Plavec, Janez,Mlinari?-Ra??an, Irena,Jakopin, ?iga
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supporting information
p. 7809 - 7838
(2021/06/28)
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- Eco-friendly synthesis of peptides using fmoc-amino acid chlorides as coupling agent under biphasic condition
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Background: Agro-waste derived solvent media act as a greener process for the peptide bond formation using Nα-Fmoc-amino acid chloride and amino acid ester salt with in situ neutralization and coupling under biphasic condition. The Fmoc-amino acid chlorides are prepared by the reported procedure of freshly distilled SOCl2 with dry CH2Cl2. The protocol found many added ad-vantages such as neutralization of amino acid ester salt and not required additional base for the neu-tralization, and directly coupling take place with Fmoc-amino acid chloride gave final product dipeptide ester in good to excellent yields. The protocol occurs with complete stereo chemical integrity of the configuration of substrates. Here, we revisited Schotten-Baumann condition, instead of using inorganic base. Objective: To develop green protocol for the synthesis of peptide bond using Fmoc-amino acid chloride with amino acid esters salt. Methods: The final product isolated is analyzed in several spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H-,13C-NMR, Mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC to check stereo integrity and puri-ty of the product. Conclusion: The present method developed greener using natural agro-waste (lemon fruit shell ash) derived solvent medium for the reaction and not required chemical entity.
- Kantharaju, Kamanna,Khatavi, Santosh Y.
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p. 699 - 707
(2021/08/23)
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- Serendipitous base catalysed condensation-heteroannulation of iminoesters: a regioselective route to the synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles
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A serendipitous discovery of a novel one-pot synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles is reported herein. In the presence of Hunig's base, various N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes have been efficiently transformed into their corresponding 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles through an imine mediated cascade condensation-heteroannulation. The synthetic value of the methodology is established by preparing a novel chemical analogue of a cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist.
- Chelvam, Venkatesh,Dudhe, Premansh,Pathak, Biswarup,Venkatasubbaiah, Krishnan
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p. 1582 - 1587
(2020/03/06)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-(5-aryl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) derivatives as potential inhibitors of the HIV-1 Vpu and host BST-2 protein interaction
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Novel ethyl 2-(5-aryl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-acetates 17 and propionates 18, together with their acetic acid 19 and acetohydrazide 20 derivatives, were designed and synthesized using TosMIC chemistry. Biological evaluation of these newly synthesized scaffolds in the HIV-1 Vpu- Host BST-2 ELISA assay identified seven hits (17a, 17b, 17c, 17g, 18a, 20f and 20g) with greater than 50% inhibitory activity. These hits were validated in the HIV-1 Vpu- Host BST-2 AlphaScreen and six of the seven compounds were found to have comparable percentage inhibitory activities to those of the ELISA assay. Compounds 17b and 20g, with consistent percentage inhibitory activities across the two assays, had IC50 values of 11.6 ± 1.1 μM and 17.6 ± 0.9 μM in a dose response AlphaScreen assay. In a cell-based HIV-1 antiviral assay, compound 17b exhibited an EC50 = 6.3 ± 0.7 μM at non-toxic concentrations (CC50 = 184.5 ± 0.8 μM), whereas compound 20g displayed antiviral activity roughly equivalent to its toxicity (CC50 = 159.5 ± 0.9 μM). This data suggests that compound 17b, active in both cell-based and biochemical assays, provides a good starting point for the design of possible lead compounds for prevention of HIV-1 Vpu and host BST-2 protein binding in new anti-HIV therapeutics.
- Bode, Moira L.,Coyanis, E. Mabel,Mosebi, Salerwe,Njengele, Zikhona,Rashamuse, Thompho J.,Sayed, Yasien
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- Potent arylamide derivatives as dual-target antifungal agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies
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Fungal infections have become a serious medical problem due to the high infection rate and the frequent emergence of drug resistance. Ergosterol is an important structural component of the fungal cell membrane, its synthetases (squalene epoxidase (SE) and 14α-demethylase (CYP51)) are considered as the key points to block the ergosterol synthesis. In this study, we designed a series of dual-target arylamides derivatives based on the analysis of active sites (SE, CYP51). Subsequently, these target compounds were synthesized, and their antifungal activity was evaluated. Most of compounds demonstrate the potent antifungal activity against multiple Candida spp. and A. fum. In particular, the antifungal activities of compounds 10b and 11c are not only superior to positive control drugs, but also have significant inhibitory effects on drug-resistant fungi (C.alb. Strain100, C.alb. Strain103). Therefore, their action mechanism was further studied. Cellular uptake and electron microscopy observation showed that target compounds were able to enter fungal cytoplasmic region through free diffusion, and destroyed cell membrane structure. At the same time, preliminary mechanisms have demonstrated that they can affect the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting the activity of dual targets. It is worth noting that they also can exhibit excellent antifungal activity and low toxic side effects in vivo. Their ADMET properties and binding models were established will be useful for further lead optimization.
- An, Yunfei,Dong, Yue,Han, Jun,Liu, Min,Liu, Xinyong,Sun, Bin
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- Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel arylalkene-amide derivatives as dual-target antifungal inhibitors
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Ergosterol as the core component of fungal cell membrane plays a key role in maintaining cell morphology and permeability. The squalenee epoxidase (SE) and 14-demethylase (CYP51) are the important rate-limiting enzymes for ergosterol synthesis. In the study, these active fragments, which is derived from the structural groups of the common antifungal agents, were docked into the active sites of dual targets (SE, CYP51), respectively. Some of active fragments with the matching MCSS_Score values were selected and connected to construct three different series of novel arylalkene-amide derivatives as dual-target (SE, CYP51) antifungal inhibitors. Subsequently, these compounds were further synthesized, and their bioactivity was evaluated. Most of compounds showed a certain degree of antifungal activity in vitro. It was worth noting that the target compounds 17a and 25a with excellent antifungal activity (0.125–4 μg/mL) can inhibit the fluconazole-resistant Candida Strain 17#, CaR, 632, and 901 in the range of MIC values (4–8 μg/mL). Furthermore, their molecular mechanism, structural stability and low toxicity were further confirmed. The molecular docking and ADMET properties were predicted to guide the subsequent optimization of target compounds.
- Sun, Bin,Dong, Yue,An, Yunfei,Liu, Min,Han, Jun,Zhao, Liyu,Liu, Xinyong
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of amide-pyridine derivatives as novel dual-target (SE, CYP51)antifungal inhibitors
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Based on the analysis of the squalene cyclooxygenase (SE)and 14α-demethylase (CYP51)inhibitors pharmacophore feature and the dual-target active sites, a series of compounds with amide-pyridine scaffolds have been designed and synthesized to treat the increasing incidence of drug-resistant fungal infections. In vitro evaluation showed that these compounds have a certain degree of antifungal activity. The most potent compounds 11a, 11b with MIC values in the range of 0.125–2 μg/ml had a broad-spectrum antifungal activity and exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against drug-resistant pathogenic fungi. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that the compound 11b might play an antifungal role by inhibiting the activity of SE and CYP51. Notably compounds did not show the genotoxicity through plasmid binding assay. Finally, this study of molecular docking, ADME/T prediction and the construction of 3D QSAR model were performed. These results can point out the direction for further optimization of the lead compound.
- Sun, Bin,Dong, Yue,Lei, Kang,Wang, Jian,Zhao, Liyu,Liu, Min
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p. 2427 - 2437
(2019/02/14)
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- 1-(Piperidin-4-yl)-2-benzimidazolone compounds and application thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and relates to novel 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-2-benzimidazolone compounds, a composition containing the compounds, and a use of the compounds or the composition as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ) integrase inhibitor. The compounds are used for the antiviral treatment of 2-or-more-years-old HIV-infected persons. The above drugs act on HIV integrase to prevent HIV replication in order to reduce the HIV viral load in blood. The structure of the compounds is represented by general formula (I), and R1 and R2 in the general formula (I) are asdefined in the claims and the description.
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Paragraph 0040; 0041
(2018/03/26)
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- Discovery of nanomolar desmuramylpeptide agonists of the innate immune receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) possessing immunostimulatory properties
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Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, has long been known as the smallest fragment possessing adjuvant activity, on the basis of its agonistic action on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2). There is a pressing need for novel adjuvants, and NOD2 agonists provide an untapped source of potential candidates. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of novel acyl tripeptides. A pivotal structural element for molecular recognition by NOD2 has been identified, culminating in the discovery of compound 9, the most potent desmuramylpeptide NOD2 agonist to date. Compound 9 augmented pro-inflammatory cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in synergy with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, it was able to induce ovalbumin-specific IgG titers in a mouse model of adjuvancy. These findings provide deeper insights into the structural requirements of desmuramylpeptides for NOD2-activation and highlight the potential use of NOD2 agonists as adjuvants for vaccines.
- Gobec, Martina,Toma?i?, Tihomir,?timac, Adela,Frkanec, Ru?a,Trontelj, Jurij,Anderluh, Marko,Mlinari?-Ra??an, Irena,Jakopin, ?iga
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supporting information
p. 2707 - 2724
(2018/04/23)
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of novel sorbic and benzoic acid amide derivatives
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A series of sorbic and benzoic acid amide derivatives were synthesized by conjugating sorbic acid (SAAD, a1–a7) or benzoic acid (BAAD b1–b6) with amino acid esters and their antimicrobial activities were investigated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, mixed bacteria from rancid milk, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of sorbic acid amides was better than that of benzoic acid amides. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of compound isopropyl N-[1-oxo-2, 4-hexadien-1-yl]-L-phenylalaninate (a7) were 0.17 mM against B. subtilis, and 0.50 mM against S. aureus, while the MIC values of sorbic acid were more than 2 mM respectively. Also, compound a7 displayed pH-independent antimicrobial activity in the range of pH 5.0–9.0 and was effective at pH 9.0. These results demonstrated that the conjugation of sorbic acid with amino acid esters led to significant improvement of in vitro antimicrobial attributes, but little effect was observed for benzoic acid amide derivatives.
- Wei, Qingyi,Wang, Xiaomei,Cheng, Jun-Hu,Zeng, Guangxiang,Sun, Da-Wen
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p. 220 - 232
(2018/06/26)
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- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Novel Celastrol Derivatives with Amino Acid Chain
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The synthesis of celastrol analogues containing amino acid ester at the C(29) position and their evaluation for cytotoxic activities in?vitro were reported. The MTT test showed that a set of derivatives with lower IC50 values than that of the positive control group cisplatin and the parent compound celastrol, which exhibited greater antiproliferative activities. The most potent title compounds 2a and 2e exhibited cytotoxic activities in?vitro against HeLa and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.371 and 0.237?μm, 0.235 and 0.109?μm, respectively. The apoptosis assay demonstrated that 2a and 2e can induces of A549 cell apoptosis in low concentrations. These results showed that 2a and 2e may be promising for further research as antitumor agents.
- Pang, Chaohai,Luo, Jinhui,Liu, Chunhua,Wu, Xuejin,Wang, Dingyong
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- NITROGEN CONTAINING BICYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE IN TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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Compounds of Formula (I), their preparation, and use in preventing or treating a bacterial infection are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 19
(2017/01/23)
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- Oxiracetam synthesis technology
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The invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical chemicals and particularly relates to an oxiracetam synthesis technology, ethyl acetoacetate and glycine are taken as the raw materials, the ethyl acetoacetate is changed into 4-halogeneated ethyl acetoacetate by halogenation reaction, the 4-halogeneated ethyl acetoacetate and glycine ester formed by the glycine are cyclized to form 2,4-dioxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate, and 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide is obtained after hydrolysis and aminolysis. According to the oxiracetam synthesis technology, the related raw materials are easy to obtain, and the synthesis technology is simple and has good industrial values.
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Paragraph 0038
(2017/02/28)
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- A silver triflate-catalyzed cascade of in situ-oxidation and allylation of arylbenzylamines
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A silver-triflate catalyzed cascade of in situ-oxidation and allylation of arylbenzylamines is reported. The 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate is employed as a mild oxidant which is compatible with both catalyst and ligand. Racemic BINAP is also utilized to assist with the catalyst in regulating the yields of products. Various homoallylic amines are obtained in 39–99% yields.
- Wang, Junjiao,Yang, Shangdong
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supporting information
p. 3444 - 3448
(2016/07/18)
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- Antibacterial preservative is sorbic acid amino ester derivative and its preparation method
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The invention belongs to the field of synthesis of a drug, and relates to a sorbic acid-amino acid ester derivate of an antimicrobial preservative and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: enabling amino acid and alcohol to react to generate amino-acid ester by utilizing an acyl chloride method, and then reacting with amino-acid ester by sorbic acid after acylating chlorination, so as to synthesize the amino acid ester derivate of the sorbic acid. The amino acid ester derivate of the novel compound sorbic acid obtained by the method has no sensitization on skin of a human body, is suitable for different pH systems with large ranges, has antibacterial broad-spectrum property and good potential application value, and can be used as the antimicrobial preservative applied to corrosion prevention and antibiosis of foods, drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, leather products and wood materials.
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Paragraph 0037
(2016/11/02)
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- (R)- N - [5 - (2 - methoxy - 2 - phenyl-acetyl) - 1, 4, 5, 6 - tetrahydro-pyrrolo [3, 4 - c] pyrazole - 3 - yl] - 4 - (4 - methyl piperazine - 1 - yl) benzamide synthesis method
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine and relates to a preparation method for PHA739358(Danusertib), i.e., (R)-N-[5-(2-methoxy-2-phenylacetyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl piperazine-1-yl)benzamide. According to the invention, altogether four reaction routes are designed, simple and easily available glycine is used as a raw material, reactions like addition, esterification, amino protection and cyclization are carried out so as to prepare (R)-N-[5-(2-methoxy-2-phenylacetyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl piperazine-1-yl)benzamide, yield of the route 1, 2 and 4 is more than 25%, respectively, and yield of the route 3 is more than 20%. The preparation method has the advantages of a few reaction steps, simple and convenient post-treatment operation, little time consumption, high yield and low total cost. Thus, a novel method is provided for preparation of the antitumor drug PHA739358.
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Paragraph 0054; 0083; 0096; 0146
(2017/02/17)
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- Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Half-Sandwich Diazoalkane Complexes of Ruthenium: Preparation and Reactivity
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The diazoalkane complexes [Ru(η5-C5Me5)(N2CAr1Ar2){P(OR)3}L]BPh4 (1-4) [R = Me, L = P(OMe)3 (1); R = Et, L = P(OEt)3 (2); R = Me, L = PPh3 (3); R = Et, L = PPh3 (4); Ar1 = Ar2 = Ph (a); Ar1 = Ph, Ar2 = p-tolyl (b); Ar1Ar2 = C12H8 (c); Ar1 = Ph, Ar2 = PhC(O) (d)] and [Ru(η5-C5Me5){N2C(C12H8)}{PPh(OEt)2}(PPh3)]BPh4 (5c) were prepared by allowing chloro-compounds RuCl(η5-C5Me5)[P(OR)3]L to react with the diazoalkane Ar1Ar2CN2 in the presence of NaBPh4. Treatment of complexes 1-4 with H2O afforded 1,2-diazene derivatives [Ru(η5-C5Me5)(η2-NH=NH){P(OR)3}L]BPh4 (6-9) and ketone Ar1Ar2CO. A reaction path involving nucleophilic attack by H2O on the coordinated diazoalkane is proposed and supported by density functional theory calculations. The complexes were characterized spectroscopically (IR and 1H, 31P, 13C, 15N NMR) and by X-ray crystal structure determination of [Ru(η5-C5Me5)(N2CC12H8){P(OEt)3}2]BPh4 (2c) and [Ru(η5-C5Me5)(η2-NH=NH){P(OEt)3}2]BPh4 (7).
- Albertin, Gabriele,Antoniutti, Stefano,Bortoluzzi, Marco,Botter, Alessandra,Castro, Jesús
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p. 5592 - 5602
(2016/06/14)
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- Cross aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of bifunctional systems
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Liquid-phase cross-aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of salts of various saturated and unsaturated linear amines, aromatic amines, diamines, and nitrogen bases, as well as in the presence of substituted piperazines, linear and cyclic amino acids and their derivatives, and nitrogen-containing ionic liquids, was studied. The cross-condensation products were formed in considerable amounts when amine hydrochlorides, N-benzoyl amino acids, and amino acid esters were used as catalyst. The formation of cross-condensation products is favored by increased basicity of the amino nitrogen atom in the salt and of the solvent.
- Dashko, L. V.,Dmitriev, D. V.,Pestov, S. M.,Flid, V. R.
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p. 1732 - 1737
(2015/02/05)
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- Synthesis of novel nucleoside analogue phosphorothioamidate prodrugs and in vitro anticancer evaluation against RKO human colon carcinoma cells
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Novel phosphorothioamidates of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues have been prepared and evaluated in vitro against RKO human colon cancer cell by the MTT cytotoxicity assay. The parent nucleoside analogues were inactive in this assay, while the phosphorothioamidate prodrugs were active at low uM levels in some cases. The O-isopropyl phosphorothioamidate of 2 ′,3 ′-O- isopropylidene-uridine containing the L-phenylalanine ethyl ester 6f was the most active at 148 uM, a 10-fold enhancement in anticancer activity compared with the parent nucleoside 2 with no increase in cytotoxicity.
- Liu, Wei,Zhang, Lin,Zhou, Honggang,Yang, Cheng,Miao, Zhiwei,Zhao, Yufen
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p. 161 - 173
(2013/06/04)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-amino-2-pyrones as selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors
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A group of 3-amino-2-pyrones were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated for inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. This study has led to the identification of COX-1-selective inhibitors. Among the tested compounds, the compound 5j exhibited the most potent COX-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 19.32 μg/mL) and COX-1 selectivity index (SI = 41.98).
- Chu, Xue-Ping,Zhou, Qing-Fa,Zhao, Shen,Ge, Fei-Fei,Fu, Mian,Chen, Jia-Peng,Lu, Tao
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p. 120 - 122
(2013/06/27)
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- Optical activity 1,5-substituted-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine-2-N-nitroimines: Synthesis and insecticidal activity
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Twelve novel neonicotinoid analogues 1-(2-furfuryl)-5-substituted-1,3,5- hexahydrotriazine-2-N-nitroimines 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j, 3k, 3l were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay tests showed that all the title compounds gave ≥90% mortality against Nilaparvata lugen 500 mg/L.
- Xue, Si-Jia,Bu, Hong-Fei,Liu, Li,Xu, Xiao,Ma, Xubo,Zhu, Jun
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p. 1067 - 1070
(2013/10/21)
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- Studies toward novel peptidomimetic inhibitors of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system
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Thioredoxins (Trx) are ubiquitous multifunctional low-molecular weight proteins that together with thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) participate in the maintenance of protein thiol homeostasis in NADPH-dependent reactions. An increasing number of data reveal that the Trx-TrxR system is an attractive target for anticancer therapies. In this work, we have elaborated a new and simple synthetic approach employing Ugi reaction to synthesize several new inhibitors of this system. The influence of various electrophilic fragments of this new class of compounds on the inhibition of the Trx-TrxR system was evaluated. As a result, a new compound 19a (SK053), which inhibits the activity of the Trx-TrxR system and exhibits antitumor activity, was obtained. Biologic analyses revealed that 19a inhibits induction of NF-κB and AP-1 and decreases H2O2 scavenging capacity in tumor cells. Altogether, we show that 19a is a novel potential antitumor peptidomimetic inhibitor that can be used as a starting compound for further optimization.
- K?ossowski, Szymon,Muchowicz, Angelika,Firczuk, Ma?gorzata,?wiech, Marta,Redzej, Adam,Golab, Jakub,Ostaszewski, Ryszard
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scheme or table
p. 55 - 67
(2012/02/15)
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- Chiral 1,5-disubstituted 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine-2-N-nitroimine analogues as novel potent neonicotinoids: Synthesis, insecticidal evaluation and molecular docking studies
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A new series of 1,5-disubstituted 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine-2-N-nitroimines (4a-4x) were designed and synthesized as novel chiral neonicotinoid analogues. The single-crystal structure of 4n was further determined by X-ray diffraction, and its S configuration was confirmed. Preliminary bioassay showed that compound 4e, 4k, 4u, 4v exhibited excellent insecticidal activities at 100 mg/L, while 4k had >90% mortality at 10 mg/L, which suggested it could be used as a lead for future development. Modeling the inhibitor-nAChR complexes by molecular docking studies explained the structure-activity relationships observed in vitro, and revealed an intriguing molecular binding mode at the active site of nAChR, which raised the possibility that these analogues may arbitrate their insecticidal activity through a mechanism other than imidacloprid.
- Sun, Chuanwen,Zhu, Jun,Wang, Haifeng,Jin, Jia,Xing, Jiahua,Yang, Dingrong
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experimental part
p. 11 - 20
(2011/02/27)
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- Synthesis, crystal structure and insecticidal activity of the optical active neonicotinoid analogues
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Eight novel neonicotinoid analogues 1-(2-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-5-substituted- 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine-2-N-nitroimines 3a - 3h were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The stereostructure of 3a was determined by the single-crystal X-ray analysis, which exhibits a half-chair conformation and dihedral angle is 49.70° . The preliminary bioassay tests showed that all the title compounds exhibited good insecticide activities against Nilaparvata legen (N. legen).
- Xue, Sijia,Bu, Hongfei,Liu, Li,Xu, Xiao,Ma, Xubo
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scheme or table
p. 1011 - 1016
(2012/01/06)
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- Anthranilic acid based CCK1 receptor antagonists: Blocking the receptor with the same 'words' of the endogenous ligand
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The anthranilic acid diamides represent the more recent class of nonpeptide CCK1 receptor antagonists. This class is characterized by the presence of anthranilic acid, used as a molecular scaffold, and two pharmacophores selected from the C-terminal tetrapeptide of CCK. The lead compound coded VL-0395, endowed with sub-micromolar affinity towards CCK1 receptors, was characterized by the presence of Phe and 2-indole moiety at the C- and N-termini of anthranilic acid, respectively. Herein we describe the first step of the anthranilic acid C-terminal optimization using, instead of Phe, aminoacids belonging to the primary structure of CCK-8 and other not coded residues. Thus we demonstrate that the CCK1 receptor affinity depends on the nature of the aminoacidic side chain as well as that the free carboxy group of the alpha-aminoacids is crucial for the binding. The R enantiomers of the most active compounds represent the eutomers of this class of antagonists confirming thus the stereo preference of the receptor. Moreover this SAR study demonstrates that the receptor binding pocket, that host the aminoacidic side chain, results much more tolerant respect to that accommodating the indole ring. As a result, an appropriate variation of the aminoacidic side chain could provide a better CCK1 receptor affinity diorthosis.
- Lassiani, Lucia,Pavan, Michela V.,Berti, Federico,Kokotos, George,Markidis, Theodoros,Mennuni, Laura,Makovec, Francesco,Varnavas, Antonio
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experimental part
p. 2336 - 2350
(2009/09/05)
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- Highly chemoselective Pd-C catalytic hydrodechlorination leading to the highly efficient N-debenzylation of benzylamines
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(Equation Presented) In the presence of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, a novel procedure for the Pd-C catalytic N-debenzylation of benzylamines was established. The method proceeded in a synergistic catalytic system and directly gave the products as crystal amine hydrochlorides in practically quantitative yields.
- Cheng, Chuanjie,Sun, Jianwei,Xing, Lixin,Xu, Jimin,Wang, Xinyan,Hu, Yuefei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5671 - 5674
(2009/12/08)
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- Ultrasound accelerated synthesis of proteinogenic and α,α- dialkylamino acid ester salts
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A simple and efficient sonochemical esterification of proteinogenic as well as cyclic α,α-dialkyl amino acid methyl and ethyl ester hydrochloride salts employing thionyl chloride and alcohol has been reported. All the amino acid esters made have been obtained in good yield (94-98%) as pure compounds.
- Kantharaju,Babu, Vommina V. Suresh
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p. 1942 - 1944
(2007/10/03)
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- Beta-thioamino acids
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Thio-alpha-amino acids of general formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings given in the description, methods for producing them, and medicaments containing these compounds. The invention also provides methods for treating pain and other diseases using the pharmaceutical compositions comprising the thioamino acids.
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- Pain treatment methods and compositions
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The invention relates to amino acids, a method for the production thereof, medicaments containing said amino acids and the use of amino acids in the production of medicaments for treating pain.
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- Process for the production of chiral compounds
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A method for producing chiral compounds according to the condition of a 1.4 Michael reaction, and a compound of formula (31). 1The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound, and methods for treating pain and other diseases using the pharmaceutical compositions.
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- 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROQUINOXALINEDIONE DERIVATIVE
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A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinedione derivative represented by the following formula (I) or salt thereof, an NMDA-glycine receptor and/or AMPA receptor antagonist or kainic acid neurotoxicity inhibitor containing the derivative or salt. In addition, a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier: STR1 wherein the substituents are as described in the specification.
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- SUBSTITUTED HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXAMIDE ESTERS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE AS PHARMACEUTICALS
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The invention relates to compounds of the formula I, to a process for their preparation and to their use as pharmaceuticals. The compounds are employed, in particular, as ester prodrugs of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for inhibiting collagen biosynthesis and as fibrosuppressive agents
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- Arylindazoles and their use as herbicides
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This invention relates to substituted aryl indazoles, a process for producing them and their use as herbicides. In particular this invention relates to substituted aryl indazoles of the formula STR1 wherein all variables are as defined in the specification.
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- KINETICS OF THE ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF SEVERAL N-BENZYLOXYCARBONYLDIPEPTIDE METHYL AND ETHYL ESTERS
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The reaction rates of the alkaline hydrolysis of synthesized N-protected dipeptide methyl and ethyl esters were studied systematically.From the kinetic data the energies of activation, the pre-exponential factors and the reference values at 40 deg C were calculated.The rate of hydrolysis shows to be strongly dependent on the C-terminal amino acid in the sequence Gly >> Ala/Met/Phe > Leu >> Val/Pro.Surprisingly the N-terminal amino acid also exerts an effect, but in a different sequence.N-Terminal Phe in particular shows a relative accelerating effect.Remarkable is the significantly faster ester hydrolysis of glycine containing dipeptide ethyl esters in ethanol/water compared to the corresponding methyl esters in methanol/water.
- Hoogwater, D. A.,Peereboom, M.
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p. 5325 - 5332
(2007/10/02)
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- Reduction d'azides par la triphenylphosphine en presence d'eau : une methode generale et chimioselective d'acces aux amines primaires
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The reaction of azides with one equivalent of triphenylphosphine in the presence of a slight excess of water in THF leads quantitatively to the corresponding primary amines.This transformation is chemoselective.
- Knouzi, Noureddine,Vaultier, Michel,Carrie, Robert
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p. 815 - 819
(2007/10/02)
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- A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR MILD AND RAPID REDUCTION OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS USING AMMONIUM FORMATE AS A CATALYTIC HYDROGEN TRANSFER AGENT
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Various aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds were selectively and rapidly reduced to their corresponding amino derivatives in very good yield using anhydrous ammonium formate as a catalytic hydrogen transfer agent.
- Ram, Siya,Ehrenkaufer, Richard E.
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p. 3415 - 3418
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for preparing of N-phosphenomethyl glycine
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Process for producing N-phosphenomethyl glycine, comprising reacting alkyl glycinate hydrochloride with paraformaldehyde to produce alkyl glycinate methylene chloride, said alkyl glycinate methylene chloride being reacted with phosphite to produce dialkyl phosphenomethyl alkyl glycinate, and finally converted to N-phosphenomethyl glycinate.
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- Photoreaction of N,N'-Dibromo-2,5-piperazinedione
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The photolysis of N,N'-dibromo-2,5-piperazinedione in dichloromethane gave an unstable photoproduct.The alcoholysis of the photoproduct in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen bromide yielded 3,6-diethoxy-2,5-piperazinedione and its alcoholyzed products, ethyl diethoxyacetate, ethyl 2-(diethoxyacetylamino)-2-ethoxyacetate, N-(1-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl)oxamide, and ethyl N-(diethoxyacetyl)glycinate.The reactions of the photoproduct with other nucleophiles also gave the corresponding substituted 2,5-piperazinediones.The structure of the primary photoproduct was deduced to be 3,6-dibromo-2,5-piperazinedione on the basis of these observations.
- Sera, Akira,Itoh, Kuniaki,Yamada, Hiroshi,Aoki, Ryuichi
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p. 3453 - 3455
(2007/10/02)
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