- Design of a highly active silver-exchanged phosphotungstic acid catalyst for glycerol esterification with acetic acid
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A series of highly active, selective, and stable silver-exchanged phosphotungstic acid (AgPW) catalysts were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for bio-derived glycerol esterification with acetic acid to produce valuable biofuel additives. The structures, morphologies, acidities, and water tolerance of these samples were determined by FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM-EDX, FT-IR of pyridine adsorption, and H2O-TPD. Several typical acidic catalysts were also performed for comparison. Among them, partially silver-exchanged phosphotungstic acid (Ag1PW) presented exceptionally high activity, with 96.8% conversion within just 15 min of reaction time and remarkable stability, due to the unique Keggin structure, high acidity as well as outstanding water-tolerance property. A plausible reaction mechanism was also proposed. In addition, this Ag1PW catalyst exhibited universal significance for esterification, holding great potential for a wide range of other acid-catalyzed reactions.
- Zhu, Shanhui,Gao, Xiaoqing,Dong, Fang,Zhu, Yulei,Zheng, Hongyan,Li, Yongwang
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p. 155 - 163
(2013/09/02)
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- POLYOL ESTER COMPOUNDS
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Disclosed are polyol esters comprising a polyol having at least one hydroxyl group esterified to at least one compound having a carboxyl group. Methods of making the polyol ester compounds are also disclosed. The invention also relates to feed compositions comprising polyol ester compounds.
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Page/Page column 15
(2008/06/13)
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