Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid by phosphotungstic acid supported on a mesoporous sieve MCM-41
Solid catalysts consisting of polyoxometalates (POM) namely phosphotungstic acid H3PW12O40 (HPW) supported on a mesoporous sieve MCM-41 have been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The HPW/MCM-41 with different HPW loadings from 10 to 60 wt% possess large specific surface area and rather uniform mesopores. Keggin structure of HPW retains on the prepared composite catalysts. The photocatalytic performance of HPW/MCM-41 was examined by degradation of a durable pesticide imidacloprid. It is found that the prepared photocatalysts exhibit high activity under irradiation of 365 nm monochromatic light. For 50 mL of imidacloprid (10 mg/L), conversion of imidacloprid using 20 mg of HPW/MCM-41 with 50 wt% loading level and calcined at 300°C reaches 58.0% after 5 h irradiation. Copyright
Feng, Changgen,Li, Yanzhou,Liu, Xia
experimental part
p. 127 - 132
(2012/03/09)
M+-SN1 AND M+-SN2 REACTIONS OF PRIMARY ALKYL IODIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF THE NITRITE COMPLEXES OF SILVER
In the AgNO3-NaNO3-NaNO2-H2O system alkyl iodides RI are converted into nitroalkanes and alcohols.The formation of alcohols with a rearranged structure was used as a test for the M+-SN1 mechanism of hydrolysis, and the increase in the accumulation rate of RNO2 with increase in the concentration of NO2- and silver complexes was used as a test for the M+-SN2 mechanism of substitution of iodide by a nitrite ion.It was established that the rate constants vary in the order CH3I +-SN1 paths and CH3I (CH3)2CHCH2I >> (CH3)3CCH2I for the M+-SN2 paths.
Zamashchikov, V. V.,Rudakov, E. S.,Bezbozhnaya, T. V.,Matveev, A. A.
p. 424 - 429
(2007/10/02)
Synthesis and Decomposition of the N-Alkyl-N-nitro-O-benzoylhydroxylamines
Nitration of N-alkyl-O-benzoylhydroxylamines yields the correspondng N-nitro derivatives.At modest temperatures these compounds decompose to yield alkyl benzoates, alkenes, benzoic acid, and nitrous oxide.In the case of primary alkylnitrohydroxylamines, nitroalkanes and alkyl nitrates are also formed.The alkyl benzoates are products of ionic reactions since skeletal rearrangements characteristics of carbonium ions occur.The insensivity of the rates of decomposition to solvent polarity suggests that the rate-determining step is a rearrangement rather than direct ionization.
White, Emil H.,Reefer, John,Erickson, Ronald H.,Dzadzic, Petar M.