- Synthesis and Evaluation of Surface and Biological Properties of Some Lactic Acid-Based Anionic Surfactants
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In the present study, 11 lactic acid-based anionic surfactants were synthesized and evaluated for their surface and biological activities. The synthesis involved the esterification of lactic acid with a range of fatty alcohols differing in chain length as well as in branching and unsaturation. The resultant ester was sulfonated by treatment with chlorosulfonic acid followed by salt formation with aqueous NaOH solution. The surface properties of all the synthesized surfactants were determined using surface tensiometry. Synthesized surfactants showed low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and a decreasing trend with an increase in the alkyl chain length. Alkyl branching also led to a mild change in CMC values when compared with linear counterparts having the same number of carbon atoms, though such decreases or increases were observed to be dependent on the position and number of the branching. Some of the synthesized surfactants exhibited good antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities against the tested microbial strains and cell lines.
- Sathyam Reddy, Yasa,Sujitha, Pombala,Kumar, Chityal Ganesh,Kanjilal, Sanjit,Vijayalakshmi, Penumarthy
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p. 943 - 951
(2016/03/05)
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- Ultrasound-assisted solvent-free synthesis of lactic acid esters in novel SO3H-functionalized Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids
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Mild and efficient Fischer esterification reactions of lactic acid with a variety of straight chain aliphatic alcohols, cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol were successfully performed using two novel Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids that bear an aromatic sulfonic acid group on the imidazolium or pyridinium cation under ultrasound irradiation. These reactions carried out smoothly with good to excellent conversion rate (78-96%) and satisfactory yields (73-92%) in shorter reaction time (4-6 h) at room temperature when the amount of ionic liquids was 20 mol%. These ionic liquids could be recovered readily and recycled five times without any significant loss in their catalytic activity.
- Li, Xinzhong,Lin, Qi,Ma, Liang
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experimental part
p. 752 - 755
(2011/10/08)
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- SKIN EXTERNAL PREPARATIONS AND COSMETICS
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An object of the present invention is to provide skin external preparations and cosmetics which contain a branched acyl carnitine and have excellent formulation stability. A skin external preparation of the present invention includes a carnitine derivative represented by the following Formula (1) and/or a carnitine derivative salt represented by the following Formula (2), and an amphoteric surfactant. In Formula (1), R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-18 optionally branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. In Formula (2), R1 and R2 are the same as in Formula (1), X? is a specific anion and Y+ is a specific cation.
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- Synthesis of fatty alcohol esters of alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids and their use as percutaneous absorption enhancers
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The present invention provides a novel approach for the preparation of fatty alcohol esters of α-hydroxy carboxylic acids. In one form of the invention, the target fatty alcohol ester of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid is produced by converting a lower alkyl ester of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid into a fatty alcohol ester of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid via alcoholysis (i.e., transesterification). The transesterification process is an equilibrium reaction, catalyzed chemically (i.e., with acids or bases) or enzymatically, that is shifted in the desired direction to produce the desired product. One preferred way of shifting the reaction in the direction of the desired product is by reducing the concentration of one of the products (e.g., distillation of a lower-boiling alcohol as soon as it is formed). Another preferred way of shifting the reaction in-the direction of the desired product is by increasing the concentration of one of the reactants (e.q., adding more of the starting ester).
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- Compositions comprising phosphate ester compounds containing a beneficial reagent component
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The invention relates to novel compositions, in particular personal product compositions containing phosphate ester surfactants in which a portion of the surfactant molecule has a so-called "benefit reagent" function. It is believed that this benefit reagent portion comes to play when the surfactant is metabolized or hydrolyzed.
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- Alkyl sulphooxyalkanoate compounds and compositions
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The invention relates to novel sulfooxy alkanoates surfactants in which a portion of the surfactant molecule has a so-called "benefit reagent" function, and compositions containing these surfactants. It is believed that this benefit reagent portion comes to play when the surfactant metabolized or hydrolyzed. The surfactants used in these compositions are calcium ion insensitive, show mildness benefits and foam well. Thus the surfactants have been demonstrated to be useful surfactant in addition to delivering a beneficial reagent.
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