- Microwave irradiated synthesis of Schiff bases of 4-(arylideneamino)-5-alkyl-2,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione containing 1,2,4-triazole segment
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Novel compounds based on the 1,2,4-triazole skeleton were synthesized. A class of 4-amino-5-alkyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione created by reaction of thiocarbohydrazide with long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, and then the Schiff bases were obtained in the media of heat and microwave waves, in the presence and the absence of a catalyst. Their chemical structures were assayed by elemental analysis, also device spectroscopic methods.
- Akhgar, Mohammad Reza,Ghazanfari, Dadkhoda,Ghodratbeigi, Mohsen,Shirmohammadi, Mahdi,Souzangarzadeh, Saeid
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p. 1805 - 1813
(2022/01/08)
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- Design, synthesis and antiparasitic evaluation of click phospholipids
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A library of seventeen novel ether phospholipid analogues, containing 5-membered heterocyclic rings (1,2,3-triazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl) in the lipid portion were designed and synthesized aiming to identify optimised miltefosine analogues. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiparasitic activity against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani intracellular amastigotes, against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and against different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. The nature of the substituents of the heterocyclic ring (tail) and the oligomethylene spacer between the head group and the heterocyclic ring was found to affect the activity and toxicity of these compounds leading to a significantly improved understanding of their structure–activity relationships. The early ADMET profile of the new derivatives did not reveal major liabilities for the potent compounds. The 1,2,3-triazole derivative 27 substituted by a decyl tail, an undecyl spacer and a choline head group exhibited broad spectrum antiparasitic activity. It possessed low micromolar activity against the intracellular amastigotes of two L. infantum strains and T. cruzi Y strain epimastigotes, intracellular amastigotes and trypomastigotes, while its cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) against THP-1 macrophages ranged between 50 and 100 μM. Altogether, our work paves the way for the development of improved ether phospholipid derivatives to control neglected tropical diseases.
- Afroudakis, Pantelis,Barrias, Emile,Bifeld, Eugenia,Borsari, Chiara,Calogeropoulou, Theodora,Clos, Joachim,Costi, Maria Paola,Ellinger, Bernhard,Fotopoulou, Theano,Fragiadaki, Irini,Georgikopoulou, Kalliopi,Gul, Sheraz,Hachenberg, Julia,Kuzikov, Maria,Magoulas, George E.,Prousis, Kyriakos C.,Roussaki, Marina,Santarem, Nuno,Scoulica, Effie,Tejera Nevado, Paloma,da Silva, Anabela Cordeiro,de Souza, Wanderley
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- Lipophilic gold(I) complexes with 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione or 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione moieties: synthesis and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities
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Novel lipophilic gold(I) complexes containing 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione or 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione derivatives were synthesized and characterized by IR, high resolution mass spectrometry, and 1H, 13C 31P NMR. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated considering cisplatin and/or auranofin as reference in different tumor cell lines: colon cancer (CT26WT), metastatic skin melanoma (B16F10), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), glioblastoma (M059?J). Normal human lung fibroblasts (GM07492-A) and kidney normal cell (BHK-21) were also evaluated. The gold(I) complexes were more active than their respective free ligands and cisplatin. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The complexes exhibited lower MIC values when compared to the ligands and chloramphenicol against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli was sensitive one to the action of gold(I) complexes.
- de Almeida, Angelina Maria,de Oliveira, Bruno Assis,de Castro, Pedro P?ssa,de Mendon?a, Camille Carvalho,Furtado, Ricardo Andrade,Nicolella, Heloiza Diniz,da Silva, Vania Lúcia,Diniz, Cláudio Galuppo,Tavares, Denise Crispim,Silva, Heveline,de Almeida, Mauro Vieira
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p. 841 - 857
(2017/10/07)
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- Designing and exploring active N′-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl) methylene] substituted hydrazides against three Trypanosoma cruzi strains more prevalent in Chagas disease patients
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Chagas disease affects around 8 million people worldwide and its treatment depends on only two nitroheterocyclic drugs, benznidazole (BZD) and nifurtimox (NFX). Both drugs have limited curative power in chronic phase of disease. Nifuroxazide (NF), a nitroheterocyclic drug, was used as lead to design a set of twenty one compounds in order to improve the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Lipinski's rules were considered in order to support drug-likeness designing. The set of N′-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl) methylene] substituted hydrazides was assayed against three T. cruzi strains, which represent the discrete typing units more prevalent in human patients: Y (TcII), Silvio X10 cl1 (TcI), and Bug 2149 cl10 (TcV). All the derivatives, except one, showed enhanced trypanocidal activity against the three strains as compared to BZD. In the Y strain 62% of the compounds were more active than NFX. The most active compound was Ng€2-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl) methylene)biphenyl-4-carbohydrazide (C20), which showed IC50 values of 1.17 ± 0.12 μM; 3.17 ± 0.32 μM; and 1.81 ± 0.18 μ4M for Y, Silvio X10 cl1, and Bug 2149 cl10 strains, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays with human fibroblast cells have demonstrated high selectivity indices for several compounds. Exploratory data analysis indicated that primarily topological, steric/geometric, and electronic properties have contributed to the discrimination of the set of investigated compounds. The findings can be helpful to drive the designing, and subsequently, the synthesis of additional promising drugs against Chagas disease.
- De Azevedo, Ricardo Alexandre,Ferreira, Adilson Kleber,Jorge, Salomo Dria,Palace-Berl, Fanny,Pasqualoto, Kerly Fernanda Mesquita,Silva, Marcelo Nunes,Tavares, Leoberto Costa,Teixeira, Sarah Fernandes,Zingales, Bianca,Zorzi, Rodrigo Rocha
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p. 330 - 339
(2015/04/27)
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- Development and assessment of green synthesis of hydrazides
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An expeditious, solvent free one pot method for the preparation of hydrazides from corresponding acids directly under microwave irradiation is developed. The method has been assessed using green chemistry measures and found superior to conventional method with higher E(environmental) factor, atom economy, atom efficiency, carbon efficiency, reaction mass efficiency.
- Saha, Ajoy,Kumar, Rajesh,Kumar, Rajendra,Devakumar
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experimental part
p. 526 - 531
(2010/10/03)
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- Green synthesis of 5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiols as new potent nitrification inhibitors [1]
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A fast, efficient synthesis of 5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiols was successfully developed, assessed using green chemistry matrices, and compounds were screened for their in vitro nitrification inhibitory activity. The greener method was superior with higher energy efficiency, E(nvironmental) factor, atom economy, atom efficiency, carbon efficiency, and reaction mass efficiency.
- Saha, Ajoy,Kumar, Rajesh,Kumar, Rajendra,Devakumar
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experimental part
p. 838 - 845
(2010/10/04)
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- Preparation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid hydrazides and long chain C-glycoside ketohydrazones
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A method is described to prepare both saturated and unsaturated fatty acid acyl hydrazides using a lipase as a catalyst. Hydrazides were generated from fatty acid methyl esters as well as directly from vegetable oils, and an organic co-solvent was not needed to maintain the integrity of the unsaturated fatty acids. Both C. antarctica lipase immobilized on acrylic resin and immobilized M. miehei lipase were used to catalyze the reaction, and they provided the desired acyl hydrazides with similar yields of 82.8% and 84.6%, respectively. Analysis of the products by MALDI-TOF-MS and GC-MS fragmentation pathways shows pure products free of starting methyl esters or triacylglycerols. These hydrazide molecules have been used, in conjunction with carbohydrate C-glycoside ketones, to prepare long chain C-glycoside ketohydrazones. This preparation does not require protecting groups or anomeric activation, and various C-glycoside ketohydrazones that retain the closed ring conformation of the parent sugars are described. These compounds have potential as renewable, sugar-based detergents in which the sugar moiety serves as the polar head group while the hydrazide alkyl chain is the non-polar component. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
- Carpenter, Chrissie A.,Kenar, James A.,Price, Neil P. J.
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experimental part
p. 2012 - 2018
(2011/02/23)
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- Controlled release of volatile aldehydes and ketones from dynamic mixtures generated by reversible hydrazone formation
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Delivery systems generated by reversible hydrazone formation from hydrazine derivatives (see Fig. 1) and carbonyl compounds in H2O efficiently increase the long-lastingness of volatile aldehydes and ketones (R 1R2C=O) in various perfumery applications. The hydrazones are usually obtained in an (E) configuration at the imine double bond (NHN=C) and, in the case of aliphatic acylhydrazones R′CO-NH-N=CR 1R2 (R′ = alkyl), as syn and anti conformers with respect to the amide bond (CO-NHN). An average free-energy barrier of ca. 78kJ/mol was determined for the amide-bond rotation by variable-temperature 1H-NMR measurements (Fig. 2). In the presence of H2O, the hydrazone formation is entirely reversible, reaching an equilibrium composed of the hydrazine derivative, the carbonyl compound, and the corresponding hydrazone. Kinetic measurements carried out by UV/VIS spectroscopy showed that the same equilibrium was reached for the formation and hydrolysis of the hydrazone. Rate constants are strongly pH-dependent and increase with decreasing pH (Table 1). The influence of the hydrazine structure on the rate constants is less pronounced than the pH effect, and the presence of surfactants reduces the rate of equilibration (Tables 1 and 3). The full reversibility of the hydrazone formation allows to prepare dynamic mixtures by simple addition of a hydrazine derivative to several carbonyl compounds. Dynamic headspace analysis on dry cotton showed that the presence of a hydrazine derivative significantly increased the headspace concentrations of the different carbonyl compounds as compared to the reference sample without hydrazine (Table 4). The release of the volatiles was found to be efficient for fragrances with high vapor pressures and low H2O solubility. Furthermore, a special long-lasting effect was obtained for the release of ketones. The simplicity of generating dynamic mixtures combined with the high efficiency for the release of volatiles makes these systems particularly interesting for practical applications and will certainly influence the development of delivery systems in other areas such as the pharmaceutical or agrochemical industry.
- Levrand, Barbara,Fieber, Wolfgang,Lehn, Jean-Marie,Herrmann, Andreas
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p. 2281 - 2314
(2008/03/29)
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- Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of carboxylic amides: Nitrogen nucleophiles as acyl acceptor
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The lipase-catalyzed aminolysis of carboxylic esters is a fairly general reaction that has been performed with a wide range of esters and amines, generally in anhydrous organic media to avoid undesirable hydrolysis of the ester. Alternatively, carboxylic amides can be synthesized by lipase mediated condensation of carboxylic acids and amines if an excess of either reactant is avoided. Chiral carboxylic esters have been resolved by lipase-catalyzed aminolysis. In the majority of these resolutions, Candida antarctica lipase B has been employed as the catalyst. A range of chiral amines has been resolved by lipase mediated acylation, using mainly the lipases from C. antarctica (B type) and Pseudomonas species. The enantiorecognition was frequently found to depend critically on the acylating agent and the reaction medium.
- Van Rantwijk, Fred,Hacking, Michiel A.P.J.,Sheldon, Roger A.
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p. 549 - 569
(2007/10/03)
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- Glycosylhydrazides, a New Class of Sugar Surfactant. Preparation and Amphiphilic Properties of 1-Glycosyl-2-Acylhydrazines
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The synthesis and the amphiphilic properties of 1-glycosyl-2-acylhydrazines are described. This new class of surfactants, referred to as glycosylhydrazides, is easily available from a reducing sugar and hydrazides without protection. Seven hydrazides having an alkyi chain of up to fourteen carbon atoms, arc coupled with glucose giving 1-glucosyl-2-acylhydrazines in good yields; 1-maltosyl-2-octanoylhydrazine, as a typical disaccharide-based surfactant, is prepared as well. Critical micellar concentrations of these surfactants range from 0.04 to 252 mM.
- Auge, Jacques,Lubin-Germain, Nadege
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p. 378 - 392
(2007/10/03)
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- Parameters of synthesis of hydrazides and 1,2-diacylhydrazines by thermal decomposition of hydrazine salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids
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The reaction parameters were refined for synthesis of hydrazides and 1,2-diacylhydrazines by thermal decomposition of salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids of the general formulas RCOOH · N2H4 · H2O and 2RCOOH-N2H4-H2O (R = C2H5-C8H17). Derivatograms for series of compounds were obtained. The effect of hydrazine hydrate excess, temperature, reaction duration, and crystallization conditions on the yield and quality of hydrazides of C7-C9 carboxylic acids was studied.
- Drozdetskii,Radushev,Turbin,Gusev,Drozdova,Shekhonina,Chekanova
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p. 302 - 306
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of some 1-acyl/aracyl-5-aminopyrazole derivatives
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A series of 1-acyl/aracyl-3,4-disubstituted-5-aminopyrazoles (IV) were synthesized by the reaction of 1-acyl/aracylhydrazines (I) with an appropriately substituted ketenedithioacetal (II/III). Compounds IV were tested for their analgesic activity by rat caudal immersion test and anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenin induced edema in rat paw test. 1-Benzoyl-3-mercapto-4-carboxamido-5-aminopyrazole (IVk) proved to be the most active compound of the series in both tests.
- Gadad, Andanappa K.,Kittur, Bharatesh S.,Kapsi, Shivakumar G.,Mahajanshetti, Chanbasappa S.,Rajur, Sharanabasava B.
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p. 1082 - 1085
(2007/10/03)
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- 4-Aralkyl-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiols
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Compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are described in which, n is 0 to 5; X1 to X5 are any accessible combination of hydrogen, halogen, C1 6alkyl, C1 6alkoxy, cyano, nitro, SONH2, SO2NH2, SO2CH3, SO2CH2F, SO2CHF2, SO2CF3, CF3, CHO, OH, CH2OH, CO2H, or CO2CpH2p+1wherein p is 1 to 4; R1 is phenyl substituted by X1 to X5, C1 4alkyl, C3 6cycloalkyl, or an arylC1 4alkyl group substituted by X1 to X5; R2 is hydrogen, C1 4alkyl or (CH2)m-CO2R3; m is 0 to 5; and R3 is H or C1 4alkyl. These compounds are dopamine-β-hydroxylase inhibitors. Pharmaceutical compositions are described as are methods of use. Processes for the preparation of these compounds are described.
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