- 1-Aryl-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)ureas as potentially irreversible glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation
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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)has become known for its multifactorial involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a benzothiazole- and benzimidazole set of 1-aryl-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)ureas were synthesised as proposed Cys199-targeted covalent inhibitors of GSK-3β, through the incorporation of an electrophilic warhead onto their ring scaffolds. The nitrile-substituted benzimidazolylurea 2b (IC50 = 0.086 ± 0.023 μM)and halomethylketone-substituted benzimidazolylurea 9b (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.060 μM)displayed high GSK-3β inhibitory activity, in comparison to reference inhibitor AR-A014418 (1, IC50 = 0.072 ± 0.043)in our assay. The results suggest further investigation of 2b and 9b as potential covalent inhibitors of GSK-3β, since a targeted interaction might provide improved kinase-selectivity.
- Venter, Jana,Perez, Concepción,van Otterlo, Willem A.L.,Martínez, Ana,Blackie, Margaret A.L.
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p. 1597 - 1600
(2019/05/02)
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of glycosylated 2-Aryl?5?amidinobenzimidazoles
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A series of new glycosylated 2-aryl-5-amidinobenzimidazoles derived from four different carbohydrates (D-glucose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and lactose) were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 4-formyl-3-methoxyphenyl glycoside with 4-amidino- or 4-N-isopropylamidino-ortho-phenylenediamine hydrochloride. All the compounds were properly characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry, uni- and bidimensional1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance and then were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. Considering the antifungal potential of them, two derivatives were active against Candida parapsilosis at 96.4 μmol L-1 and another was active against this same strain at 83.5 μmol L-1. In addition, one benzamidine showed activity against Candida glabrata at 97 μmol L-1. Considering the antibacterial potential of these compounds, six of them showed better activity against three different stains: three of them with IC50 of 96.4, 97 and 83.5 μmol L-1 against Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus, the other two with IC50 96.5 and 96.4 μmol L-1 against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and one against Gram-negative Escherichia coli at 90.5 μmol L-1. These findings suggest this structural pattern can be employed for design of more potent agents for discovery of new antimicrobial drug candidates.
- de Souza, Thiago B.,Oliver, Josidel C.,Gomes, Ana Paula B.,Arag?o, Cícero Flávio S.,Ferreira, Leandro S.,Nogueira, Fernando Henrique A.,Dias, Amanda Latércia T.,Alves, Ricardo J.
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p. 1304 - 1317
(2018/05/07)
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- Cyanato - benzimidazole salt and its preparation method
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The present invention discloses a new metal cyano-substituted benzimidazolide salt having formula (I) and its preparation. This new cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives exhibited excellent thermal stability. The organic salt of the present inventio
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Paragraph 0045
(2017/08/25)
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- Acetonitrile as a cyanating reagent: Cu-catalyzed cyanation of arenes
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A novel approach to the Cu-catalyzed cyanation of simple arenes using acetonitrile as an attractive cyano source has been documented. The C-H functionalization of arenes without directing groups involves a sequential iodination/cyanation to give the desired aromatic nitriles in good yields. A highly efficient Cu/TEMPO system for acetonitrile C-CN bond cleavage has been discovered. TEMPO is used as a cheap oxidant and enables the reaction to be catalytic in copper. Moreover, TEMPOCH2CN 6 has been identified as the active cyanating agent and shows high reactivity for forming the -CN moiety.
- Zhu, Yamin,Zhao, Mengdi,Lu, Wenkui,Li, Linyi,Shen, Zengming
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supporting information
p. 2602 - 2605
(2015/06/16)
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- Design and synthesis of new benzimidazole-carbazole conjugates for the stabilization of human telomeric DNA, telomerase inhibition, and their selective action on cancer cells
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Cell-permeable small molecules that enhance the stability of the G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are currently among the most intensively pursued ligands for inhibition of the telomerase activity. Herein we report the design and syntheses of four novel benzimidazole-carbazole conjugates and demonstrate their high binding affinity to G4 DNA. S1 nuclease assay confirmed the ligand mediated G-quadruplex DNA protection. Additional evidence from Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP-LIG) assay demonstrated efficient telomerase inhibition activity by the ligands. Two of the ligands showed IC 50 values in the sub-micromolar range in the TRAP-LIG assay, which are the best among the benzimidazole derivatives reported so far. The ligands also exhibited cancer cell selective nuclear internalization, nuclear condensation, fragmentation, and eventually antiproliferative activity in long-term cell viability assays. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assays confirm that the cell death induced by the ligands follows an apoptotic pathway. An insight into the mode of ligand binding was obtained from the molecular dynamics simulations.
- Maji, Basudeb,Kumar, Krishan,Kaulage, Mangesh,Muniyappa,Bhattacharya, Santanu
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p. 6973 - 6988
(2014/10/16)
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- Colorimetric detection of chemical warfare simulants
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Two simple chromogenic indicators (4) and (5), containing different supernucleophilic moieties, have been synthesized. Upon phosphorylation with two chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants, a hypsochromic shift of approximately 50 nm is observed in an NaOH
- Wallace, Karl J.,Morey, Jeroni,Lynch, Vincent M.,Anslyn, Eric V.
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p. 1469 - 1474
(2007/10/03)
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- A PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BISBENZIMIDAZOLES AND ITS DERIVATIONS
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A process for the synthesis of bisbenzimidazoles and its derivations comprising; (i) reacting 5 chloroaniline with zinc dust and acetic anhydride to produce 5 chloroacetanilide; (ii) reacting 5 chloroacetanilide with HN03 to produce 2-nitro-5-chloroacetanilide; (ix) adding sodium methoxide to 2-nitro-5-ch1oroaniline; (x) heating 2-nitro-5-chloroaniline, methyl piperazine, anhydrous K2CO3 and Dimethyl formamide at 100-120°C produce a mixture which is cooled by pouring ice and is filtered to obtain 5-(4'-methylpiperazin-1'-yl)-2-nitroaniline; (xi) treating 5-(4'-methylpiperazin-l'yl)-2-nitroaniline with Pd/C to produce 2-amino-4-(4'-methylpiperazin-1'-yl) aniline; (xii) refluxing a mixture of 2-amino-4-(4'-methylpiperazin-1'yl) aniline and ethyl-4-amino-3-nitrobenzenecarboximidate hydrochloride in presence of ethanol/glacial acetic acid to produce 4-[5'-(4"-methylpiperazin-1"-yl) 15 benzimidazol-2'-yl)-2-nitroaniline; (xiii) treating a solution of 4-[5'-(4"-methylpiperazin-1"-yi) benzimidazol-2'-yl)-2-nitroaniline with palladium on carbon to yield 2-amino-4-[5'-(4"-Methylpiperazin-1"-yl)benzimidazol-2'-yl]aniline; (xiv) heating 2-amino-4-[5'-(4"-Methylpiperazin-1"-yl)benzimidazol-2'-yl]aniline and 3-4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde using nitrobenzene as a solvent at 110-150°C to produce (DMA) i.e 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5'-benzimidazolyl] benzimidazole; (ix) heating 2-amino-4-[5'-(4"-Methylpiperazin-1"-yl) benzimidazol-2'-YI] aniline and 5-Formyl-[3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzimidazole] using nitrobenzene at 110°C to 150°C in presence of argon to produce (TBZ) i.e 5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-yl)-2-[2' (2"-(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl)5"benzimidazolyl) -5'- benzimidazolyl] benzimidazole.
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- Antithrombotic agents
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This application relates to a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a prodrug thereof, as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and its use as an inhibitor of factor Xa, as well as a process for its preparation and intermediates therefor.
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- Nitroanilines are the reduction products of benzofuroxan system by oxyhemoglobin (HbO22+)
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Benzofuroxans are interesting compounds which display several biochemical and pharmacological properties. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate that they are reduced by ferrous salts at room temperature and that the principal reaction products are o-nitroanilines. This paper shows that simple benzofuroxan derivatives are also able to oxidise HbO22+ to methemoglobin (MetHb3+) (UV detection) and to form o-nitroanilines (HPLC detection). From a toxicological point of view this reaction is interesting, since it indicates that the blood is a site for metabolism of these compounds with consequent methemoglobinemia and formation of toxic compounds.
- Medana, Claudio,Visentin, Sonja,Grosa, Giorgio,Fruttero, Roberta,Gasco, Alberto
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p. 799 - 802
(2007/10/03)
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- Design and synthesis of potent and selective 5,6-fused heterocyclic thrombin inhibitors
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Thrombin, a serine protease, plays a central role in the initiation of thrombotic events. We report design, synthesis, and antithrombotic efficacy of XU817 (7), a nonpeptide 5-(amidino) indole thrombin inhibitor. Utilizing the co-crystal structure of XU817 bound in the active site of thrombin we were able to synthesize analogs with enhanced thrombin affinity.
- Dominguez, Celia,Duffy, Daniel E.,Han, Qi,Alexander, Richard S.,Galemmo Jr., Robert A.,Park, Jeongsook M.,Wong, Pancras C.,Amparo, Eugene C.,Knabb, Robert M.,Luettgen, Joseph,Wexler, Ruth R.
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p. 925 - 930
(2007/10/03)
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- Nitroarylamines via the Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen: Amination, Alkylamination, and Arylamination of Nitroarenes with Sulfenamides
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A new reaction of sulfenamides with electrophilic arenes under basic conditions is described. The σ adducts formed from nitroarenes and the anions of sulfenamides undergo elimination of thiol to produce the corresponding o- and/or p-nitroanilines. This reaction is analogous to the known alkylation and hydroxylation of nitroarenes via the vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS). The reaction gives access to a wide range of substituted nitroanilines, nitronaphthylamines, and aminoheterocycles. By means of the reaction with N-alkyl- and N-arylsulfenamides, it is possible to obtain N-alkylnitroanilines and nitrodiarylamines. By varying the structure of sulfenamide and the reaction conditions, particularly the nature and concentration of the base, it is possible to control the orientation of animation.
- Makosza, Mieczyslaw,Bialecki, Maciej
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p. 4878 - 4888
(2007/10/03)
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- Hypoxia-Selective Agents Derived from Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-oxides
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Hypoxic cells, which are a common feature of solid tumors, but not normal tissues, are resistant to both anticancer drugs and radiation therapy.Thus the identification of drugs with selective toxicity toward hypoxic cells is an important objective in anticancer chemotherapy.The benzotriazine di-N-oxide (SR 4233, Tirapazamine) has been shown to be an efficient and selective cytotoxin for hypoxic cells.Since the bioreductive activation of Tirapazamine is thought to be due to the presence of the 1,4-di-N-oxide moiety, a series of 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxides with a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 6- and /or 7- positions has been synthesized and evaluated for toxicity to hypoxic cells.Electrochemical studies of the quinoxaline di-N-oxides and Tirapazamine showed that as the electron-withdrawing nature of the 6(7)-substituent increases, the reduction potential becomes more positive and the compound is more readily reduced.Apart from the unsubstituted 6a and the 6,7-dimethyl derivative 6c, the quinoxaline di-N-oxide have reduction potentials significantly more positive than Tirapazamine (Epc -0.90 V).The most potent cytotoxins to cells in culture were the 6,7-dichloro and 6,7-difluoro derivatives 6i and 6l, which were 30-fold more potent than Tirapazamine.The 6(7)-fluoro and 6(7)-chloro compounds, 6e and 6h, showed the greatest hypoxia selectivity.Four of the compounds, 6e, 6f, 6h and 6i, killed the inner cells of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro.In vivo Balb/c mice tolerated a dose of these four compounds twice the size of that of Tirapazamine.This study demonstrates that quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.
- Monge, Antonio,Palop, Juan A.,Cerain, Adela Lopez de,Senador, Virginia,Martinez-Crespo, Francisko J.,et al.
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p. 1786 - 1792
(2007/10/02)
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- Methods of combating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and compounds useful therefor
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Disclosed is a method of combating Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in a subject in need of such treatment. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective Pneumocystis carinii-combating amount of a bis-benzimidazole compound such as bis[5-(2-imidazolyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]methane, 1,4-bis[5-2-imidazolyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]butane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Pharmaceutical formulations for carrying out the method and novel compounds are also disclosed, along with methods of combating Giardia lamblia.
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- DNA Binding Compounds. V. Synthesis and Characterization of Boron-Containing Bibenzimidazoles Related to the DNA Minor Groove Binder, Hoechst 33258
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The synthesis and characterization of four novel boron-containing bibenzimidazoles related to the DNA minor groove binder Hoechst 33258 are reported.Such compounds, particularly their 10B-enriched forms, have potential as agents for boron neutron capture therapy which is used in the treatment of cancers.
- Kelly, David P.,Bateman, Stuart A.,Martin, Roger F.,Reum, Monica E.,Rose, Michael,Whittaker, Antony R. D.
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p. 247 - 262
(2007/10/02)
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- Structure, DNA minor groove binding, and base pair specificity of alkyl- and aryl-linked bis(amidinobenzimidazoles) and bis(amidinoindoles)
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A series of bis(amidinobenzimidazoles) and bis(amidinoindoles) with varied linking chains connecting the aromatic groups and various modifications to the basic amidino groups have been prepared. The calf thymus (CT) DNA and nucleic acid homopolymer [poly(dA)·poly(dT), poly(dA-dT)·poly-(dA-dT), and poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC)] binding properties of these compounds have been studied by thermal denaturation (ΔT(m)) and viscosity. The compounds show a greater affinity for poly(dA)·poly(dT) and poly(dA-dT)·poly(dA-dT) than for poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC). Viscometric titrations indicate that the compounds do not bind by intercalation. Molecular modeling studies and the biophysical data suggest that the molecules bind to the minor groove of CT DNA and homopolymers. Analysis of the shape of the molecules is consistent with this mode of nucleic acid binding. Compounds with an even number of methylenes connecting the benzimidazole rings have a higher affinity for DNA than those with an odd number of methylenes. Molecular modeling calculations that determine the radius of curvature of four defined groups in the molecule show that the shape of the molecule, as a function of chain length, affects the strength of nucleic acid binding. Electronic effects from cationic substituents as well as hydrogen bonding from the imidazole nitrogens also contribute to the nucleic acid affinity. The bis(amidinoindoles) show no structurally associated differential in nucleic acid base pair specificity or affinity.
- Fairley,Tidwell,Donkor,Naiman,Ohemeng,Lombardy,Bentley,Cory
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p. 1746 - 1753
(2007/10/02)
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- Benzimidazolinone derivatives
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Benzimidazolinone derivatives of the general formula (I): STR1 wherein R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a lower alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, cyano, carboxyl, a lower alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, nitro or nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group; A is an ethylene group which may optionally have at least one branch; R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each is a lower alkyl group or R4 and R5, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, represent a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino or a morpholino group provided that when STR2 is a piperidino or diethylamino group, at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is other than a hydrogen atom, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, methods of producing the same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same are disclosed. Pharmacologically, the above compounds (I) have pulmonary surfactant secretion promoting activity.
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of new cephalosporins with amino heterocycles at C-7. Dependence of the antibacterial spectrum and β-lactamase stability on the pK(a) of the C-7 heterocycle
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Cephalosporins with new aminobenzimidazole and aminoimidazoline heterocycles at C-7 have been synthesized starting with versatile C-7 isocyanide dihalide synthons. The aminobenzimidazoles have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, but possess limited β-lactamase stability. In contrast, the aminoimidazolines have a narrow spectrum of antibacterial activity, limited to Gram-negative strains only, but possess outstanding β-lactamase stability. Structure-activity relationships are discussed in terms of their dependence on the pK(a) of the C-7 amino heterocycle, basic C-7 residues giving cephalosporins with exceptional β-lactamase stability.
- Jung,Delvare,Boucherot,Hamon,Ackerley,Betts
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p. 1110 - 1116
(2007/10/02)
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- Substituted 1-sulfonylbenzimidazoles
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Certain 1-sulfonyl-2,5(6)-substituted-benzimidazole compounds are useful as antiviral agents.
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