- Synthesis and lipid-lowering evaluation of 3-methyl-1 H-purine-2,6-dione derivatives as potent and orally available anti-obesityagents
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Obesity accompanied with metabolic disorder is often complicated with a strong link of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, whose indicator is the excess accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in cells. Consideration the idea of lipid-lowering and improving insulin resistance, 34 novel compounds by combination the xanthine scaffold with the chain of Rosiglitazone have been synthesized. Among them, several compounds showed efficiency on reducing TG in 3T3-L1 adipoctyes, and 11c exhibited the most optimal capacity in lipid-lowering and improving obese clinical symptoms in DIO mice. Furthermore, the hydrochloride of 11c (11c·HCl) showed excellent bioavailability, 58.94%, over 2 folds than that (28.03%) of 11c, and the anti-obesity effect of 11c·HCl at 50 mg/kg dose was better than that of Metformin at 150 mg/kg dose in DIO mice, almost reversed HFD to a normal level. Thus, 11c·HCl might be a potent and orally available anti-obesity agent via alleviating the obese clinical symptoms, body fat, improving serum parameters and insulin resistance and TG clearance in liver.
- He, Linhong,Pei, Heying,Ma, Liang,Pu, Yuzhi,Chen, Jinying,Liu, Zhuowei,Ran, Yan,Lei, Lei,Fu, Suhong,Tang, Minghai,Peng, Aihua,Long, Chaofeng,Chen, Lijuan
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p. 595 - 610
(2014/12/11)
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- Synthesis of 8-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl substituted xanthine derivatives as adenosine A2A ligands
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The present paper describes the synthesis of a series of 8-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl-xanthines and their evaluation for affinity for A 1 and A2 adenosine receptors using radioligand binding assays. The effects of moving the cyclopentyloxy substituent with or without an ortho methoxy group on the various positions of the 8-phenyl ring have been studied. The vanilloid based xanthines 8-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-1, 3-dimethylxanthine (6a) (Ki = 100 nM) and 8-[(4-cyclopentyloxy)-3- methoxyphenyl]-3-methyl-1-propylxanthine (12) (Ki = 150 nM) displayed the highest affinity at A2A receptors as well as over 1000 fold selectivity over the A1 adenosine receptor subtype. ECV · Editio Cantor Verlag, Aulendorf (Germany).
- Bansal, Ranju,Kumar, Gulshan,Gandhi, Deepika,Yadav, Rakesh,Young, Louise C.,Harvey, Alan L.
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p. 131 - 136
(2011/07/30)
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- Discovery of a novel A2B adenosine receptor antagonist as a clinical candidate for chronic inflammatory airway diseases
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Recently, we have reported a series of new 1,3-symmetrically (R1 = R3) substituted xanthines (3 and 4) which have high affinity and selectivity for the human adenosine A2B receptors (hA 2B-AdoR). Unfortunately, this class of compounds had poor pharmacokinetic properties. This prompted us to investigate the effect of differential alkyl substitution at the N-1 and N-3 positions (N1-R ≠ N3-R) on A2B-AdoR affinity and selectivity; we had the dual objectives of enhancing affinity and selectivity for the A 2B-AdoR, as well as improving oral bioavailability. This effort has led to the discovery of compound 62, that displayed high affinity and selectivity for the hA2B-AdoR (Ki = 22 nM). In addition, compound 62 showed high functional potency in inhibiting the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate induced by 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine in HEK-A2B-AdoR and NIH3T3 cells with KB values of 6 and 2 nM, respectively. In a single ascending-dose phase I clinical study, compound 62 had no serious adverse events and was well tolerated.
- Elzein, Elfatih,Kalla, Rao V.,Li, Xiaofen,Perry, Thao,Gimbel, Art,Zeng, Dewan,Lustig, David,Leung, Kwan,Zablocki, Jeff
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p. 2267 - 2278
(2008/12/21)
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- XANTHINE DERIVATIVES AS A2B ADENOSINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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Disclosed are compounds that are A2B adenosine receptor antagonists, useful for treating various disease states, including asthma and diarrhea.
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- A2B adenosine receptor antagonists
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Disclosed are novel compounds that are A2B adenosine receptor antagonists, useful for treating various disease states, including asthma and diarrhea.
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- Compounds for ceramide-mediated signal transduction
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Novel isoquinoloine compounds inhibit inflammatory responses associated with TNF-α and fibroblast proliferation in vivo and in vitro. The compounds of the invention neither appreciably inhibit the activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase nor the hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid, and are neither cytotoxic nor cytostatic. Preferred compounds of the invention are esters. Methods for the use of the novel compounds to inhibit ceramide-mediated intracellular responses to stimuli in vivo (particularly TNF-α) are also described. The methods are expected to be of use in reducing inflammatory responses (for example, after angioplasty), in limiting fibrosis (for example, of the liver in cirrhosis), in inhibiting cell senescence, cell apoptosis and UV induced cutaneous immune suppression.
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- Efficient synthesis of N-3-substituted 6-aminouracil derivatives, via N6-[(dimethylamino)methylene] protection
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A convenient synthetic procedure has been developed to introduce different functional groups at position 3 of 6-amino-1-benzyl- or 6-amino-1-methyluracil based on N6-[(dimethylamino) methylene] protection. This method allows for the smooth substitution at N-3 even when base-labile or heat sensitive halide reagents are employed.
- Priego,Camarasa,Pe?rez-Pe?rez
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p. 478 - 482
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted xanthines, pteridinediones, and related compounds as potential antiinflammatory agents. Synthesis and biological evaluation of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α
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A series of analogues of pentoxifylline metabolites were prepared in the purine, pteridine, [1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and quinazoline ring systems and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The more active compounds were also tested for inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE IV) from human neutrophils in order to help determine their mechanism of action. Selected compounds which showed good activity in the in vitro TNFα assay were evaluated in an in vivo LPS-induced leukopenia model in mice. The most potent compounds in the TNFα assay, 6, 31, and 58, inhibited TNFα production at an IC50 of approximately 5 μM for each. Compound 58 was a very poor inhibitor of PDE IV but was the most active at preventing the leukopenia induced by TNFα in mice, providing more than 60% protection at 50 mg/kg. Thus, compounds such as 58, which are good inhibitors of TNFα production but are devoid of PDE IV inhibitory properties, may have potential as new antiinflammatory agents.
- Cottam, Howard B.,Shih, Hsiencheng,Tehrani, Lida R.,Wasson, D. Bruce,Carson, Dennis A.
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