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Effect of Mo loading on 2-naphthaldehyde formation from vapor phase oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene with V2O5/TiO2 catalysts
Mo-modified V2O5/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation method and investigated for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-naphthaldehyde. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, XPS, and Raman to investigate the promotional effect of Mo on catalyst structure, surface property, and catalytic performance. The introduction of molybdenum decreases the amount of KVO3 phase and enhances the dispersion of the vanadium phase. XPS and Raman results indicate that Mo prevents Sn and K to interact with V species and bonds with Ti or V through bridge oxygen. V1Mo1 sample demonstrates a remarkable improvement in conversion and selectivity compared with others.
Gao, Xiaoqiang,Zhang, Fang,Yu, Yi,Dou, Yonghui,Xu, Li,Liu, Guoji
p. 47 - 51
(2019)
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Aerobic oxidation of alcohols enabled by nitrogen-doped copper nanoparticle catalysts
Heterogeneous nitrogen-doped carbon-incarcerated copper nanoparticle catalysts have been developed. The catalysts promoted the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes, including aliphatic substrates, in high yield in the presence of an N-oxyl
Kobayashi, Shū,Tobita, Fumiya,Yamashita, Yasuhiro,Yasukawa, Tomohiro
p. 1043 - 1048
(2022/03/02)

Selective functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds of two different benzylic ethers by bowl-shaped N -hydroxyimide derivatives as efficient organoradical catalysts
A highly efficient, site-selective benzylic C-H bond amination of two different benzylic ether substrates was described by using bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide organoradical catalysts with diethyl azodicarboxylate. The synthetic utility of this approach is demonstrated by the subsequent transformation of the amination products into the corresponding aldehydes and alkylhydrazines.
Kato, Terumasa,Maruoka, Keiji
supporting information
p. 1021 - 1024
(2022/02/01)

Highly atom efficient synthesis of 2,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted 3(2H)-furanones having both hydroxyl and amino substituents
We have developed a highly atom efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted 3(2H)-furanones from easily accessible starting materials such as C,N-diarylaldonitrones and dibenzoylacetylene. Control experiments revealed that reaction of aldonitrones having electron-withdrawing groups on the C-aryl substituent in polar aprotic solvents exhibited high product selectivity while reaction temperature has only a negligible effect on product yield and selectivity.
Antony, Jesna,Mathai, Sindhu,Natarajan, Rakesh,P. Musthafa, Sumi,Rappai, John P.,S. Devaky, Karakkattu
supporting information

(2022/02/25)

Controlled reduction of activated primary and secondary amides into aldehydes with diisobutylaluminum hydride
A practical method is disclosed for the reduction of activated primary and secondary amides into aldehydes using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) in toluene. A wide range of aryl and alkyl N-Boc, N,N-diBoc and N-tosyl amides were converted into the corresponding aldehydes in good to excellent yields. Reduction susceptible functional groups such as nitro, cyano, alkene and alkyne groups were found to be stable. Broad substrate scope, functional group compatibility and quick conversions are the salient features of this methodology.
Azeez, Sadaf,Kandasamy, Jeyakumar,Sabiah, Shahulhameed,Sureshbabu, Popuri
supporting information
p. 2048 - 2053
(2022/03/31)

Soluble/MOF-Supported Palladium Single Atoms Catalyze the Ligand-, Additive-, and Solvent-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzoic Acids
Metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) promise great rewards in terms of metal atom efficiency. However, the requirement of particular conditions and supports for their synthesis, together with the need of solvents and additives for catalytic implementation, often precludes their use under industrially viable conditions. Here, we show that palladium single atoms are spontaneously formed after dissolving tiny amounts of palladium salts in neat benzyl alcohols, to catalyze their direct aerobic oxidation to benzoic acids without ligands, additives, or solvents. With this result in hand, the gram-scale preparation and stabilization of Pd SACs within the functional channels of a novel methyl-cysteine-based metal-organic framework (MOF) was accomplished, to give a robust and crystalline solid catalyst fully characterized with the help of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). These results illustrate the advantages of metal speciation in ligand-free homogeneous organic reactions and the translation into solid catalysts for potential industrial implementation.
Tiburcio, Estefanía,Greco, Rossella,Mon, Marta,Ballesteros-Soberanas, Jordi,Ferrando-Soria, Jesús,López-Haro, Miguel,Hernández-Garrido, Juan Carlos,Oliver-Meseguer, Judit,Marini, Carlo,Boronat, Mercedes,Armentano, Donatella,Leyva-Pérez, Antonio,Pardo, Emilio
p. 2581 - 2592
(2021/02/16)

Selective oxidation of alkenes to carbonyls under mild conditions
Herein, a practical and sustainable method for the synthesis of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids from an inexpensive olefinic feedstock is described. This transformation features very sustainable and mild conditions and utilizes commercially available and inexpensive tetrahydrofuran as the additive, molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant and water as the solvent. A wide range of substituted alkenes were found to be compatible, providing the corresponding carbonyl compounds in moderate-to-good yields. The control experiments demonstrated that a radical mechanism is responsible for the oxidation reaction.
Huo, Jie,Xiong, Daokai,Xu, Jun,Yue, Xiaoguang,Zhang, Pengfei,Zhang, Yilan
supporting information
p. 5549 - 5555
(2021/08/16)

Hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative cleavage of CC bonds and further esterification reaction by heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis
A hydroxyl radical-mediated aerobic cleavage of alkenes and further sequence esterification reaction for the preparation of carbonyl compounds have been developed by using tubular carbon nitride (TCN) as a general heterogeneous photocatalyst under an oxygen atmosphere with visible light irradiation. This protocol has an excellent substrate scope and gives the desired aldehydes, ketones and esters in moderate to high yields. Importantly, this metal-free procedure employed photogenerated hydroxyl radicals in situ as green oxidation active species, avoiding the present additional initiators. The reaction could be carried out under solar light irradiation and was applicable to large-scale reactions. Furthermore, the recyclable TCN catalyst could be used several times without a significant loss of activities.
Hong, Mei,Jia, Rui,Miao, Hongyan,Ni, Bangqing,Niu, Tengfei,Wang, Hui
p. 6591 - 6597
(2021/09/10)

Aryl aldiketone and synthesis method thereof
The invention discloses an aryl aldehyde ketone and a synthesis method thereof, wherein an aryl aldehyde is synthesized from cheap olefin as a raw material. A commercially available inexpensive olefin is used as a raw material, ether is used as an additive, molecular oxygen serves as a sole oxidizing agent, water is used as a solvent, and the aldehyde and ketone are synthesized by column chromatography under a photocatalytic condition. The invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, green and environmental protection, simple experimental operation, good reaction selectivity, high product yield and the like.
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Paragraph 0019

(2021/09/26)

V2O5@TiO2 Catalyzed Green and Selective Oxidation of Alcohols, Alkylbenzenes and Styrenes to Carbonyls
The versatile application of different functional groups such as alcohols (1° and 2°), alkyl arenes, and (aryl)olefins to construct carbon-oxygen bond via oxidation is an area of intense research. Here, we report a reusable heterogeneous V2O5@TiO2 catalyzed selective oxidation of various functionalities utilizing different mild and eco-compatible oxidants under greener reaction conditions. The method was successfully applied for the alcohol oxidation, oxidative scission of styrenes, and benzylic C?H oxidation to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones. The utilization of mild and eco-friendly oxidizing reagents such as K2S2O8, H2O2 (30 % aq.), TBHP (70 % aq.), broad substrate scope, gram-scale synthesis, and catalyst recyclability are notable features of the developed protocol.
Upadhyay, Rahul,Kumar, Shashi,Maurya, Sushil K.
p. 3594 - 3600
(2021/07/02)

A highly stable metal-organic framework with cubane-like clusters for the selective oxidation of aryl alkenes to aldehydes or ketones
Triazine derivatives, a class of electron-deficient π-conjugated molecules with high photochemical activity and excellent luminescent characteristics, have been utilized as a kind of electron-acceptor for the construction of molecular cages, luminescent and photochromic materials. In this paper, a novel and highly stable MOF with cubane-like clusters, [Co4(SO4)3(F)3(tpt)2(tatb)] (1) (tpt = 2,4,6-tris-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, H3tatb = 4,4′,4′′-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid), has been successfully synthesized based on a triazine derivative, and possesses unprecedented sulfate- and fluoride-bridged cubane-type tetranuclear cobalt clusters and a 3D + 3D → 3D open framework. Compound1shows a rather high BET surface area and exhibits excellent thermal stability and high chemical stability in common solvents and even in acidic or basic solutions (in a pH range from 4 to 12). Moreover, catalytic measurements show that compound1is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of aryl alkenes to aldehydes or ketones with conversions of 97%.
He, Chixian,Liu, Jiaming,Liu, Jian-Jun,Liu, Teng,Shen, Xianfu,Shen, Xiang
p. 4667 - 4673
(2021/07/11)

Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Using Water-Soluble CdSe Quantum Dots
The oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds is an important chemical reaction, which is a popular reaction in the photocatalytic field. However, high catalyst-loading and low turnover number (TON) are general shortcomings in reported visible-light-driven reactions. Herein, the direct oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds through water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) is described under visible-light irradiation at room temperature with high TON (up to 3.7×104). Under the same conditions, water-soluble CdSe QDs could also oxidize sulfides to sulfoxides with 51–84 % yields and TONs up to 3.4×104. The key features of this photocatalytic protocol include high TONs, wide substrates scope, low catalyst loadings, simple and mild reaction conditions, and molecular O2 as the oxidant.
Li, Jianing,Zhao, Jingnan,Ma, Cunfei,Yu, Zongyi,Zhu, Hongfei,Yun, Lei,Meng, Qingwei
p. 4985 - 4992
(2021/10/16)

New method for promoting photosensitive oxidation to remove 1, 2-mercaptoethanol acetal protecting group by utilizing visible light irradiation
The invention discloses a new method for removing a 1, 2-mercaptoethanol acetal protecting group, and belongs to the field of organic synthetic chemistry. The method comprises the following steps of:under a room-temperature open system, adding a substrate 2-substituted-1, 3-oxo-thio-cyclopentane and a catalytic amount of a photosensitizer Eosin Y into a proper amount of acetonitrile; and performing irradiating with a blue LED lamp for 3 hours while stirring to obtain the corresponding aldehyde compound with favorable yield. The method has the advantages of mild operation conditions, greenness, environmental protection, no harsh water and oxygen removal operation and device, realization of the reaction at room temperature, high substrate conversion rate, simple and easy post-treatment, andprovides a good method for removing the 1, 2-mercaptoethanol acetal protecting group at present.
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Paragraph 0014-0016

(2021/01/30)

Tunable Artificial Enzyme-Cofactor Complex for Selective Hydrolysis of Acetals
Enzymes frequently use unimpressive functional groups such as weak carboxylic acids for efficient, highly selective catalysis including hydrolysis of acetals and even amides. Much stronger acids generally have to be used for such purposes in synthetic systems. We report here a method to position an acidic group near the acetal oxygen of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane bound by an artificial enzyme. The hydrolytic activity of the resulting artificial enzyme-cofactor complex was tuned by the number and depth of the active site as well as the hydrophobicity and acidity of the cofactor. The selectivity of the complex was controlled by the size and shape of the active site and enabled less reactive acetals to be hydrolyzed over more reactive ones.
Bose, Ishani,Fa, Shixin,Zhao, Yan
p. 1701 - 1711
(2021/02/05)

A TEMPO-Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Polymer as a Highly Active and Reusable Organocatalyst
The properties of high stability, periodic porosity, and tunable nature of ordered mesoporous polymers make these materials ideal catalytic nanoreactors. However, their application in organocatalysis has been rarely explored. We report herein for the first time the incorporation of a versatile organocatalyst, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), into the pores of an FDU-type mesoporous polymer via a pore surface engineering strategy. The resulting FDU-15-TEMPO possesses a highly ordered mesoporous organic framework and enhanced stability, and shows excellent catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of alcohols and aerobic oxidative synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for up to 7 consecutive cycles.
Guo, Ying,Wang, Wei David,Li, Shengyu,Zhu, Yin,Wang, Xiaoyu,Liu, Xiao,Zhang, Yuan
supporting information
p. 3689 - 3694
(2021/09/29)

SBA-15 Supported 1-Methyl-2-azaadamanane N-Oxyl (1-Me-AZADO) as Recyclable Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohol
Herein, we designed and synthesized an SBA-15 supported 1-methyl-2-azaadamanane N-oxyl (1-Me-AZADO) and investigated its catalytic performance for selective oxidation of alcohols under Anelli's conditions. The first example of immobilization of 1-Me-AZADO was very important to advance the oxgenation effectively because this supported N-oxyl has excellent catalytic activity for oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds, and more importantly, it can be conveniently recovered and reused at least 6 times without significant effect on its catalytic efficiency.
Tian, Yangwu,Guo, Xiaqun,Li, Meichao,Li, Chunmei,Hu, Xinquan,Jin, Liqun,Sun, Nan,Hu, Baoxiang,Shen, Zhenlu
supporting information
p. 3928 - 3932
(2021/05/26)

Pyridinium Chlorochromate Supported on Montmorillonite–KSF as a Versatile Oxidant under Ball Milling Conditions
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Hosseinzadeh, Rahman,Narimani, Erfan,Mavvaji, Mohammad
p. 461 - 471
(2021/08/09)

Ruthenium-on-Carbon-Catalyzed Facile Solvent-Free Oxidation of Alcohols: Efficient Progress under Solid-Solid (Liquid)-Gas Conditions
A protocol for the ruthenium-on-carbon (Ru/C)-catalyzed solvent-free oxidation of alcohols, which proceeds efficiently under solid-solid (liquid)-gas conditions, was developed. Various primary and secondary alcohols were transformed to corresponding aldehydes and ketones in moderate to excellent isolated yields by simply stirring in the presence of 10% Ru/C under air or oxygen conditions. The solvent-free oxidation reactions proceeded efficiently regardless of the solid or liquid state of the substrates and reagents and could be applied to gram-scale synthesis without loss of the reaction efficiency. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Ru/C was maintained after five reuse cycles.
Park, Kwihwan,Jiang, Jing,Yamada, Tsuyoshi,Sajiki, Hironao
p. 1200 - 1205
(2021/12/29)

An aerobic oxidation of alcohols into carbonyl synthons using bipyridyl-cinchona based palladium catalyst
We have reported an aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to respective aldehydes and ketones using a bipyridyl-cinchona alkaloid based palladium catalytic system (PdAc-5) using oxygen at moderate pressure. ThePdAc-5catalyst was analysed using SEM, EDAX, and XPS analysis. The above catalytic system is used in experiments for different oxidation systems which include different solvents, additives, and bases which are cheap, robust, non-toxic, and commercially available on the industrial bench. The obtained products are quite appreciable in both yield and selectivity (70-85%). In addition, numerous important studies, such as comparisons with various commercial catalysts, solvent systems, mixture of solvents, and catalyst mole%, were conducted usingPdAc-5. The synthetic strategy of oxidation of alcohol into carbonyl compounds was well established and all the products were analysed using1H NMR,13CNMR and GC-mass analyses.
Cheedarala, Ravi Kumar,Chidambaram, Ramasamy R.,Siva, Ayyanar,Song, Jung Il
p. 32942 - 32954
(2021/12/02)

Cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones
We have developed a cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones using inexpensive CeCl3 7H2O as photocatalyst and air oxygen as the terminal oxidant.
K?nig, Burkhard,Kumar, Sumit,Stahl, Jessica,Yatham, Veera Reddy,Yedase, Girish Suresh
supporting information
p. 1727 - 1732
(2021/08/05)

Radical-mediated aerobic oxidation of substituted styrenes and stilbenes
A 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile)-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of alkenes with molecular oxygen as the oxidant was described. Carbonyl compounds and oxiranes were obtained in moderate yield under mild conditions. This study provided useful insights into the mechanism of aerobic oxidative cleavage of alkenes.
Aman, Hasil,Chiu, Wei-Hua,Chuang, Gary Jing,Liu, Pin-Heng
supporting information
p. 20103 - 20106
(2021/12/02)

DIBALH: From known fundamental to an unusual reaction; Chemoselective partial reduction of tertiary amides in the presence of esters
This study presents a quick and reliable approach to the chemoselective partial reduction of tertiary amides to aldehydes in the presence of readily reducible ester groups using commercial DIBALH reagent. Moreover, the developed method was also extended to multi-functional molecules bearing ester moieties, which were successfully chemoselectively reduced to the corresponding aldehydes. This journal is
An, Duk Keun,Heo, Yu Jin,Jaladi, Ashok Kumar,Kim, Hyun Tae
p. 33809 - 33813
(2021/12/09)

Iodine-catalyzed alcohol disproportionation method
The invention relates to the technical field of catalysis, in particular to an iodine-catalyzed alcohol disproportionation method which comprises the following steps: sequentially adding alcohol, iodine and a solvent into a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing a certain amount of nitrogen, conducting reacting for a certain time, collecting an organic phase after the reaction is ended, and conducting fractionating to obtain corresponding alkane and aldehyde/ketone. Alcohol disproportionation is efficient and atom-economical conversion without any additional oxidizing agent and reducing agent, and hydrocarbon and aldehyde/ketone molecules which are easy to separate can be formed at the same time. Meanwhile, the method has wide functional group tolerance, various substrate samples including aryl alcohol derivatives, heterocyclic alcohol derivatives, allyl alcohol derivatives and dihydric alcohol are tested, and the result shows that most of the substrate samples show good or extremely good yield.
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Paragraph 0036-0037

(2021/06/13)

Nickel catalyzed hydrosilane reduction of (het)arenecarboxylic acids into aldehydes
Nickel-catalyzed reduction of (het)arenecarboxylic acids with hydrosilanes in the presence of dimethyl dicarbonate as the activator affords the corresponding aldehydes. The role of the activator is the conversion of the acids into their anhydrides undergoing C–O cleavage. The good yields were achieved in case of substrates bearing electron-donating and electron-neutral groups.
Wang, Liang,Wang, Yaoyao,Tao, Yu,Zhang, Nana,Li, Shubai
p. 271 - 273
(2021/05/04)

Synthesis of 4-Aryl Pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxalines via Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling from an Unactivated Methyl Arene
Herein, we describe the direct synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxaline via oxidative coupling between methyl arene and 1-(2-aminophenyl) pyrroles. Oxidation of the benzylic carbon of the methyl arene was achieved by di-t-butyl peroxide in the presence of an iron catalyst, followed by conversion to an activated aldehyde in situ. Oxygen played a crucial role in the oxidation process to accelerate benzaldehyde formation. Subsequent Pictet-Spengler-type annulation completed the quinoxaline structure. The protocol tolerated various kinds of functional groups and provided 22 4-aryl pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxalines when various methyl arene derivatives were used. The developed method proceeded in air, and all catalysts, reagents, and solvents were easily accessible.
Ahn, Jiwon,Lee, Seok Beom,Song, Injae,Chun, Simin,Oh, Dong-Chan,Hong, Suckchang
supporting information
p. 7390 - 7402
(2021/06/21)

Rh-Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cyclization for the Synthesis of 5-Aryl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)oxazoles and Its Applications in Metal Ions Probes
A facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 5-aryl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)oxazoles via rhodium-catalyzed formal [3+2] cyclization of 4-aryl-1-tosyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with quinoline-2-carbaldehydes has been described. The protocol employs mild conditions and offers good yields of diverse 2,5-aryloxazole derivatives with a broad reaction scope. It is amenable to gram-scale synthesis and easily transformation. Moreover, this 5-aryl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)oxazole skeleton is indeed a new fluorophore and its applications in metal ions probes are also investigated and showed fluorescent responses to mercury ion.
Zhou, Tongtong,He, Xinwei,Zuo, Youpeng,Wu, Yuhao,Hu, Wangcheng,Zhang, Shiwen,Duan, Jiahui,Shang, Yongjia
p. 621 - 626
(2021/02/12)

Nitrosoarene-Catalyzed HFIP-Assisted Transformation of Arylmethyl Halides to Aromatic Carbonyls under Aerobic Conditions
A rare metal-free nucleophilic nitrosoarene catalysis accompanied by highly hydrogen-bond-donor (HBD) solvent, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), organocatalytically converts arylmethyl halides to aromatic carbonyls. This protocol offers an effective means to access a diverse array of aromatic carbonyls with good chemoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The activation of arylmethyl halides by HFIP to generate stable carbocation and autoxidation of in situ generated hydroxylamine to nitrosoarene in the presence of atmospheric O2 are the keys to success.
Pradhan, Suman,Sharma, Vishali,Chatterjee, Indranil
supporting information
p. 6148 - 6152
(2021/08/03)

A Magnetically Recyclable Palladium-Catalyzed Formylation of Aryl Iodides with Formic Acid as CO Source: A Practical Access to Aromatic Aldehydes
A magnetically recyclable palladium-catalyzed formylation of aryl iodides under CO gas-free conditions has been developed by using a bidentate phosphine ligand-modified magnetic nanoparticles-anchored- palladium(II) complex [2P-Fe 3O 4@SiO 2-Pd(OAc) 2] as catalyst, yielding a wide variety of aromatic aldehydes in moderate to excellent yields. Here, formic acid was employed as both the CO source and the hydrogen donor with iodine and PPh 3as the activators. This immobilized palladium catalyst can be obtained via a simple preparative procedure and can be facilely recovered simply by using an external magnetic field, and reused at least 9 times without any apparent loss of catalytic activity.
You, Shengyong,Zhang, Rongli,Cai, Mingzhong
p. 1962 - 1970
(2021/01/25)

Samarium-based Grignard-type addition of organohalides to carbonyl compounds under catalysis of CuI
Grignard-type additions were readily achieved under the mediation of CuI (10 mol%) and samarium (2 equiv.) by employing various organohalides,e.g.benzyl, aryl, heterocyclic and aliphatic halides (Cl, Br or I), and diverse carbonyl compounds (e.g.carbonic esters, carboxylic esters, acid anhydrides, acyl chlorides, ketones, aldehydes, propylene epoxides and formamides) to afford alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, respectively, with high efficiency and chemoselectivity, in which the organosamarium intermediate might be involved.
Liu, Chen,Liu, Yongjun,Qi, Yan,Song, Bin,Wang, Liang,Xiao, Shuhuan
supporting information
p. 6169 - 6172
(2021/06/30)

Selective catalytic synthesis of bio-based terephthalic acid from lignocellulose biomass
_Efficient synthesis of bio-based chemicals from renewable lignocellulosic biomass is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of chemical industry. This work aims to demonstrate that terephthalic acid, a bulk high value chemical in petrochemical industry, can be synthesized using biomass. This novel controllable transformation process was started with the selective catalytic pyrolysis of sawdust biomass to form p-xylene intermediate. The high p-xylene yield of 23.4% was obtained using the Ga2O3/SiO2/HZSM-5 catalyst under the optimized reaction condition. Subsequently, the selective oxidation of the biomass-derived aromatic intermediates to terephthalic acid was realized with the metal oxide catalysts. The highest terephthalic acid yield of 72.8% with the terephthalic acid selectivity of 82.3% was achieved using the CoMn2O4@SiO2@Fe3O4 catalyst. Based on the study of the catalytic conversion of the model compounds and the catalyst characterizations, the reaction pathways and possible reaction mechanism have been proposed.
Fan, Minghui,He, Yuting,Li, Quanxin,Luo, Yuehui,Yang, Mingyu,Zhang, Yanhua,Zhu, Lijuan
(2021/11/30)

Iodobenzene-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of olefins to carbonyl compounds
A metal-free approach for the oxidative cleavage of carbon–carbon double bonds of olefins to carbonyl compounds was established by using oxidant m-CPBA and non-metallic organocatalyst PhI in toluene/H2O. A broad scope of aromatic olefins was used. All the reactions proceeded smoothly at 35 °C in short reaction time to furnish the respective mono- and double carbonyl compounds selectively in moderate to good yields.
Du, Lele,Wang, Zechao,Wu, Junliang
supporting information

(2020/07/20)

FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of aryl/heteroaryl acetic acids: Preparation of selected API impurities
There is an ever-increasing demand for impurity compounds for use in impurity profiling as regulatory agencies seek information during registration. Herein, we report the FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of aryl- and heteroaryl acetic acids to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. A variety of useful aldehydes and ketones were prepared in a simple one-pot transformation by employing an environmentally benign, low-cost, and readily available iron salt. The utility of this method has been demonstrated by preparing five valuable API impurities including a multi-gram-scale synthesis of ketorolac impurity B for the first time. This journal is
Gangadurai, Chinnakuzhanthai,Illa, Giri Teja,Reddy, D. Srinivasa
p. 8459 - 8466
(2020/11/05)

Visible-light-promoted oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids in air: Metal-free synthesis of aldehydes and ketones at room temperature
A metal-free photocatalytic oxidative decarboxylation reaction at room temperature was developed for the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes and ketones from the corresponding arylacetic acids. The reaction was realized under blue-light irradiation by adding 1 molpercent of 4CzIPN as photocatalyst and air as oxidant. This reaction represents a novel decarboxylation of a sp3-hybridized carboxylic acids without traditional heating, additional oxidants, and metal reagents under mild conditions.
He, Shuaiqi,Chen, Xiaolan,Zeng, Fanlin,Lu, Peipei,Peng, Yuyu,Qu, Lingbo,Yu, Bing
supporting information
p. 1863 - 1867
(2020/01/03)

Scalable Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Using Catalytic DDQ/HNO3
A selective, practical, and scalable aerobic oxidation of alcohols is described that uses catalytic amounts of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and HNO3, with molecular oxygen serving as the terminal oxidant. The method was successfully applied to the oxidation of a wide range of benzylic, propargylic, and allylic alcohols, including two natural products, namely, carveol and podophyllotoxin. The conditions are also applicable to the selective oxidative deprotection of p-methoxybenzyl ethers.
Arseniyadis, Stellios,Clavier, Louis,Copin, Chloé,Fournier, Jean,Giffard, Jean-Fran?ois,Jean, Alexandre,Katsina, Tania,Macedo Portela Da Silva, Nayane,Tamion, Rodolphe
supporting information
p. 856 - 860
(2020/07/14)

Nickel complex containing meta-carborane triazole ligand and preparation method and application of nickel complex
The invention relates to a nickel complex containing a meta-carborane triazole ligand and a preparation method and application of the nickel complex. The nickel complex is prepared by the following steps of: (1) dropwise adding an n-BuLi solution into a meta-carborane m-C2B10H12 solution, stirring and reacting; then adding 3-propargyl bromide for a reaction, and separating after the reaction is finished so as to obtain 1, 3-dipropargyl meta-carborane; and (2) carrying out a reaction between 1, 3-dipropargyl meta-carborane and aryl azide under the catalytic condition of a catalyst CuI, then adding NiCl2 into the reaction system, continuing the reaction, carrying out separation after the reaction is finished so as to obtain the nickel complex containing the meta-carborane triazole ligand. The nickel complex is applied to preparation of aldehyde by catalyzing partial oxidation of primary alcohol. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method is simple and green, the complex can efficiently catalyze partial oxidation of primary alcohol to prepare aldehyde, the reaction conditions are mild, the universality is good, the catalytic efficiency is high, and few byproducts are produced; and the catalyst has high stability and is not sensitive to air and water.
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Paragraph 0088; 0090-0092

(2020/08/07)

Triruthenium carbonyl complexes containing bidentate pyridine–alkoxide ligands for highly efficient oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols
Reactions of substituted pyridylalkanol 6-CH3PyCH2CH(OH)R (R?=?Ph (L1H), R?=?4-CH3C6H4 (L2H), R?=?4-OCH3C6H4 (L3H), R?=?4-ClC6H4 (L4H), R?=?4-BrC6H4 (L5H), R?=?4-CF3C6H4 (L6H)) with Ru3(CO)12 in refluxing tetrahydrofuran afforded the corresponding ruthenium carbonyl complexes [6-CH3PyCH2CHRO]2Ru3(CO)8 (R?=?Ph (1a), R?=?4-CH3C6H4 (1b), R?=?4-OCH3C6H4 (1c), R?=?4-ClC6H4 (1d), R?=?4-BrC6H4 (1e), R?=?4-CF3C6H4 (1f)) in good yields. These ruthenium complexes were well characterized using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, their crystal structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1a–1f were found to be highly active toward oxidation of a wide range of primary and secondary alcohols to corresponding aldehydes and ketones within 5?minutes in the presence of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as oxidant.
Yue, Xiaohui,Yan, Xinlong,Huo, Shuaicong,Dong, Qing,Zhang, Junhua,Hao, Zhiqiang,Han, Zhangang,Lin, Jin
(2019/11/22)

Ionic liquid [Bmim][AuCl4] encapsulated in ZIF-8 as precursors to synthesize N-decorated Au catalysts for selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Here we report a novel approach to synthesize Au NPs immobilized on N-doped carbon materials. In this strategy, an ionic liquid (IL) [Bmim][AuCl4] was selected as the precursor for Au NPs and porous framework of ZIF-8 as the host for the IL. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 physical absorption and Fourier infrared spectra confirmed that the IL was successfully incorporated in the ZIF-8 pores. Followed by a thermal treatment under inert atmosphere, highly dispersed Au NPs were obtained and stabilized by nitrogen species from the carbonization of organic ligand in the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The [Bmim][AuCl4]@ZIF-8-6.25percent-T materials exhibited high catalytic activity for the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols, affording excellent yields (up to >99percent) under atmospheric air and base-free conditions. Catalytic reaction along with catalyst characterization results revealed a strong interaction between Au NPs and N species. TEM, XRD and XPS characterization results further suggested that the N species could not only prevent the Au NPs from aggregation, but also further enhance the reaction activity.
Chen, Fengfeng,Lu, Qingwen,Fan, Ting,Fang, Ruiqi,Li, Yingwei
p. 94 - 102
(2018/12/11)

Oxidative cleavage of β-aryl alcohols using manganese(IV) oxide
It was found that β-aryl alcohols can be cleaved to chain-shortened carbonyl compounds with direct formation of carbon monoxide by treatment with manganese(IV) oxide. A mechanistic scheme is proposed that accounts for the loss of one carbon atom. Carbon monoxide was detected by PdCl2/HCl reagent.
Havare, Nizam
p. 247 - 261
(2020/09/11)

Heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalyst for C-C bond oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols in aerobic micellar medium
A green and efficient visible-light promoted aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage of vicinal diols in micellar medium has been developed. This protocol used graphitic carbon nitride with nitrogen vacancies (CN620) as a metal-free recyclable photocatalyst and CTAB as surfactant in water. Control experiments and the ESR results indicated that superoxide radicals and valence band holes played an important role in the reaction. Further isotope experiments suggested both a β-scission/HAT pathway and an oxidation/hydrolysis/dehydration pathway for the reaction, which is different from previous reports. The semiconductor/micellar catalyst system can be recycled at least 10 times without a significant reduction in activity. Furthermore, this reaction could be carried out under solar light irradiation and was applicable to large-scale reactions with similar results.
Chen, Jiayang,Chen, Shengjun,Dong, Xinyu,Hong, Mei,Ni, Bangqing,Niu, Tengfei,Zhang, Tianhao
supporting information
p. 5042 - 5049
(2020/08/25)

Visible-light mediated facile dithiane deprotection under metal free conditions
Visible light mediated facile and selective dithiane deprotection under metal free conditions is developed. Eosin Y (1 mol%) proved to be an effective catalyst for the dithiane deprotection under the ambient photoredox conditions. The standard household compact fluorescent light source (CFL bulb) proved to be effective under open-air conditions in aqueous acetonitrile at room temperature. The protocol that exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance has been shown to expand to a range of transformations for the electron-rich and -deficient thioacetals and thioketals. The synthetic utility of this protocol has also been demonstrated by gram-scale application.
Dharpure, Pankaj D.,Bhowmick, Anindita,Warghude, Prakash K.,Bhat, Ramakrishna G.
(2019/12/09)

Mild Deprotection of Dithioacetals by TMSCl/NaI Association in CH3CN
A mild process using a combination of TMSCl and NaI in acetonitrile is used to regenerate carbonyl compounds from a variety of dithiane and dithiolane derivatives. This easy to handle and inexpensive protocol is also efficient to deprotect oxygenated and mixed acetals as 1,3-dioxanes, 1,3-dioxolanes and 1,3-oxathianes quantitatively. As a possible extension of this method, it was also shown that nitrogenated substrates such as hydrazones, N-tosylhydrazones, and ketimines reacted well under these conditions to give the expected ketones in high yields. The methodology proposed herein is a good alternative to the existing methods since it does not use metals, oxidants, reducing agents, acidic or basic media, and keto-products were obtained in high to excellent yields.
Yao, Yunxin,Zhao, Guangkuan,Hamze, Abdallah,Alami, Mouad,Provot, Olivier
p. 5775 - 5779
(2020/08/17)

Visible light photoredox catalyzed deprotection of 1,3-oxathiolanes
An efficient visible light photoredox catalyzed aerobic deprotection of 1,3-oxathiolanes using organic dye Eosin Y as a photocatalyst is disclosed. The deprotection procedure features the use of a metal-free catalyst, mild conditions, a broad range of substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. 35 examples were tested under the standard conditions and most of them afforded the deprotected products in modest to high yields.
Yang, Mingyang,Xing, Zhimin,Fang, Bowen,Xie, Xingang,She, Xuegong
supporting information
p. 288 - 291
(2020/01/13)

Method for reducing carboxylic acid compound into aldehyde
The invention discloses a method for reducing a carboxylic acid compound into aldehyde. In a nitrogen atmosphere, in an organic solvent, a ligand/Cu catalyst, the carboxylic acid compound, an anhydride compound and hydrosilane are added by a one-pot method, a reaction is performed under the condition of the temperature of 20-120 DEG C for 2-20 h, after the reaction is completed, quenching and column chromatography separation are performed to obtain the product. The carboxylic acid compound can be successfully converted into aldehyde through one-pot reaction, especially unsaturated carboxylic acid can be reduced, and the reaction yield is generally relatively high. Compared with the prior art, the method has the outstanding advantages that the cheap copper salt is used as a catalyst, so that the experiment cost is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the used method enlarges the application range of the reaction substrate, improves the compatibility of functional groups, and provides a new synthesis way for reducing the carboxylic acid compound into aldehyde.
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Paragraph 0068-0071

(2020/02/27)

Method for reducing carboxylic acid into aldehyde compounds
The invention discloses a method for reducing carboxylic acid into aldehyde compounds, and belongs to the field of organic chemical synthesis. Specifically, in an argon atmosphere, a carboxylic acid compound, a transition metal nickel compound, an anhydride compound, a ligand and a reducing agent are dissolved in an organic solvent, the mixture is heated and subjected to stirring reaction, after the reaction is finished, the pressure is reduced to remove the organic solvent, column chromatography separation is performed, and various aldehyde compounds are obtained. The method has the advantages of simple synthesis steps, mild reaction conditions, simplicity and easiness in operation, realization of successful reduction of the carboxylic acid compound into the aldehyde organic compounds, small use amount of the reaction catalyst, high product yield, and provision of a new approach for reduction of the carboxylic acid compound into the aldehyde compounds. Compared with a conventional method, the method has the advantages that raw materials are cheap, easy to obtain and environmentally friendly, substrate universality and functional group compatibility are improved, and the method hascertain innovativeness and unique research significance in organic synthesis methodology.
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Paragraph 0043-0046

(2020/02/27)

Method for preparing aromatic aldehyde ketone by catalytically oxidizing aromatic hydrocarbon side chains with nickel compound
The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic aldehyde ketone by catalytically oxidizing aromatic hydrocarbon side chains with a nickel compound, which comprises the following steps of: mixing a solution containing aromatic hydrocarbon with side chains and an oxidant with a nickel catalyst, and reacting to obtain the aromatic aldehyde ketone compound. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple operation, environmental protection, cheap and easily available raw materials, mild reaction conditions, stable catalyst property, high catalytic activity, good substrate universality and the like, and has great application potential in the aspect of fine chemical intermediate synthesis.
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Paragraph 0056-0064

(2020/06/09)

Mild environment-friendly oxidative debenzylation of N-benzylanilines using DMSO as an oxidant
Oxidative debenzylation of N-benzyl aromatic amines using DMSO as a non-toxic oxidant and catalyzed by TsOH gave Nphenylimines, which were spontaneously hydrolyzed to form anilines and benzaldehydes in good yields. This reaction employs mild, metal-free conditions. The conditions are also suitable for the debenzylation of benzylphenylethers.
Yoshinaga, Tatsuro,Iwata, Takayuki,Shindo, Mitsuru
supporting information
p. 191 - 194
(2020/02/25)

Selective Solvent-Free and Additive-Free Oxidation of Primary Benzylic C–H Bonds with O2 Catalyzed by the Combination of Metalloporphyrin with N-Hydroxyphthalimide
Abstract: A protocol for solvent-free and additive-free oxidation of primary benzylic C–H bonds with O2 was presented through adjusting the combination of metalloporphyrins and NHPI as binary catalysts to overcome the deficiencies encountered in current oxidation systems. The effects of reaction temperature, porphyrin structure, central metal, catalyst loading and O2 pressure were investigated systematically. For the optimized combination of T(2-OCH3)PPCo and NHPI, all the primary benzylic C–H bonds could be functionalized efficiently and selectively at 120 °C and 1.0?MPa O2 with aromatic acids as the primary products. The selectivity towards aromatic acids could reach up to 70–95% in the conversion of more than 30% for most of the substrates possessing primary benzylic C–H bonds in the metalloporphyrin loading of 0.012% (mol/mol). And the superior performance of T(2-OCH3)PPCo among the metalloporphyrins investigated was mainly attributed to its high efficiency in charge transfer and fewer positive charges around central metal Co (II) which favored the adduction of O2 to cobalt (II) forming the high-valence metal-oxo complex followed by the production of phthalimide N-oxyl radical (PINO) and the initiation of the catalytic oxidation cycle. This work would provide not only an efficient protocol in utilization of hydrocarbons containing primary benzylic C–H bonds, but also a significant reference in the construction of more efficient C–H bonds oxidation systems. Graphic Abstract: The solvent-free and additive-free oxidation of primary benzylic C–H bonds with O2 was presented through adjusting the combination of metalloporphyrins and NHPI as binary catalysts, and the highest selectivity towards aromatic acid reached up to 95.1% with the conversion of 88.5% in the optimized combination of T(2-OCH3)PPCo and NHPI.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Shen, Hai-Min,Qi, Bei,Hu, Meng-Yun,Liu, Lei,Ye, Hong-Liang,She, Yuan-Bin
p. 3096 - 3111
(2020/04/29)

Rhodium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides to arylaldehydes with syngas
The reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides to aryl aldehydes possesses broad application prospects. We present an efficient and facile Rh-based catalytic system composed of the commercially available Rh salt RhCl3·3H2O, PPh3 as phosphine ligand, and Et3N as the base, for the synthesis of arylaldehydes via the reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides with CO and H2 under relatively mild conditions with a broad substrate range affording the products in good to excellent yields. Systematic investigations were carried out to study the experimental parameters. We explored the optimal ratio of Rh salt and PPh3 ligand, substrate scope, carbonyl source and hydrogen source, and the reaction mechanism. Particularly, a scaled-up experiment indicated that the catalytic method could find valuable applications in industrial productions. The low gas pressure, cheap ligand and low metal dosage could significantly improve the practicability in both chemical researches and industrial applications.
Chen, Suqing,Liu, Zhenghui,Mu, Tiancheng,Wang, Peng,Yan, Zhenzhong,Yu, Dongkun,Zhao, Xinhui
p. 645 - 656
(2020/05/14)

Oxidative C-S Bond Cleavage of Benzyl Thiols Enabled by Visible-Light-Mediated Silver(II) Complexes
The oxidative cleavage reaction of the C-S bond using singlet oxygen is challenging because of its uncontrollable nature. We have developed a novel method for the singlet-oxygen-mediated selective C-S bond cleavage reaction using silver(II)-ligand complexes. Visible-light-induced silver catalysis enables the controlled oxidative cleavage of benzyl thiols to afford carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes or ketones, which are important synthetic components.
Hong, Boseok,Aganda, Kim Christopher C.,Lee, Anna
supporting information
p. 4395 - 4399
(2020/06/05)

PdBr2-Catalyzed Acetal Formation of Carbonyl Compounds Using Diazophenanthrenequinone: Utility of 9,10-Phenanthrenedioxyacetal
We developed a new acetalization method of ketones and aldehydes under non-acidic conditions using diazophenanthrenequinone and PdBr2. The formed acetals that have a phenanthrene skeleton withstand under mild acidic conditions. Removal of acetals was successfully proceeded under strong acidic or oxidation conditions using aqueous ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) to afford corresponding ketones and aldehydes.
Kitamura, Mitsuru,Fujimura, Ryo,Nishimura, Tomoaki,Takahashi, Shuhei,Shimooka, Hirokazu,Okauchi, Tatsuo
supporting information
p. 5319 - 5322
(2020/06/10)

Transition-Metal-Free Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Carboxamides and Lactams for α-Branched Amine Synthesis
A new method for the synthesis of α-branched amines by reductive functionalization of tertiary carboxamides and lactams is described. The process relies on the efficient and controlled reduction of tertiary amides by a sodium hydride/sodium iodide composite, in situ treatment of the resulting anionic hemiaminal with trimethylsilyl chloride and subsequent coupling with nucleophilic reagents including Grignard reagents and tetrabutylammonium cyanide. The new method exhibits broad functional-group compatibility, operates under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, and is suitable for various synthetic applications on both sub-millimole and on multigram scales.
Chiba, Shunsuke,Dixon, Darren J.,Fan, Dongyang,Ong, Derek Yiren
supporting information
p. 11903 - 11907
(2020/05/22)