- Synthesis of Cyclopentenones through Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Annulation of Acrylic Acids with Formaldehyde and Malonates
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An efficient rhodium-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of cyclopentenones based on a three-component reaction of acrylic acids, formaldehyde, and malonates via vinylic C-H activation is reported. Exploratory studies showed that 5-alkylation of as-prepared cyclopentenones could be realized smoothly by the treatment of a variety of alkyl halides with a Na2CO3/MeOH solution. Excess formaldehyde and malonate led to a multicomponent reaction that afforded the multisubstituted cyclopentenones through a Michael addition.
- Yu, Shuling,Hong, Chao,Liu, Zhanxiang,Zhang, Yuhong
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supporting information
p. 5054 - 5059
(2021/07/20)
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- Discovery of Oxygen α-Nucleophilic Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Amides Catalyzed by Redox-Neutral Organic Photoreductant
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The conjugate additions of oxygen-centered nucleophiles to conjugate acceptors are among the most powerful C-O bond formation reactions. The conjugate addition normally takes place at the β-position carbon to the electron-withdrawing group, resulting in the formation of a stabilized carbanion intermediate that can be quenched by proton or electrophiles to form the β-addition (i.e., hetero-Michael addition) products. On the contrary, the formation of α-hydroxyl or alkoxyl amides through conjugate addition needs an α,β-inverse addition. Nevertheless, a regio-inversed nucleophilic α-addition of oxygen-centered nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds still remains less explored because of the electronic mismatch. In this research, we discovered the first α-specific nucleophilic addition of α,β-unsaturated amides with oxygen and fluoride nucleophiles. This region-inversed nucleophilic addition is enabled by the catalysis of a novel redox-neutral nondonor-acceptor organic photoreductant (CBZ6). As low as 0.5 mol % of visible light photoreductant was employed. The mechanistic insights were also explored. The oxidative potential of the excited state of CBZ6 is obtained in -1.92 V (vs SCE), presenting a stronger reductive potential than representative metal-cored or organic photoredox catalysts. This feature enabled the umpolung of α,β-unsaturated amides to take place α-nucleophilic addition other than the normal β-addition.
- Luan, Zi-Hong,Qu, Jian-Ping,Kang, Yan-Biao
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supporting information
p. 20942 - 20947
(2020/12/22)
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- Synthesis and Structural/Functional Characterization of Selective M14 Metallocarboxypeptidase Inhibitors Based on Phosphinic Pseudopeptide Scaffold: Implications on the Design of Specific Optical Probes
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Metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) of the M14 family are Zn2+-dependent exoproteases present in almost every tissue or fluid in mammals. These enzymes perform a large variety of physiological functions and are involved in several pathologies, such as pancreatic diseases, inflammation, fibrinolysis, and cancer. Here, we describe the synthesis and functional/structural characterization of a series of reversible tight-binding phosphinic pseudopeptide inhibitors that show high specificity and potency toward these proteases. Characterization of their inhibitory potential against a large variety of MCPs, combined with high-resolution crystal structures of three selected candidates in complex with human carboxypeptidase A (CPA)1, allowed to decipher the structural determinants governing selectivity for type-A of the M14A MCP family. Further, the phosphinic pseudopeptide framework was exploited to generate an optical probe selectively targeting human CPAs. The phosphinic pseudopeptides presented here constitute the first example of chemical probes useful to selectively report on type-A MCPs activity in complex media.
- Covaleda, Giovanni,Gallego, Pablo,Vendrell, Josep,Georgiadis, Dimitris,Lorenzo, Julia,Dive, Vincent,Aviles, Francesc Xavier,Reverter, David,Devel, Laurent
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p. 1917 - 1931
(2019/02/26)
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- Tf2O-Promoted Intramolecular Schmidt Reaction of the ω-Azido Carboxylic Acids
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A designed Tf2O-promoted intramolecular Schmidt reaction of 2-substituted ω-azido carboxylic acids was demonstrated. Tf2O was used as an activation reagent for the carboxylic acid, and ω-azido anhydride was in situ generated, releasing a molecular TfOH, which acted as an acid promoter for the Schmidt process. A series of 2-substituted pyrrolidines was produced and acetylated for better purification. The strategy was also efficient for conversion of a 4-substituted ω-azido carboxylic acid to the tricyclic lactam.
- Wang, Xue-Juan,Su, Yan,Li, Rui,Gu, Peiming
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supporting information
p. 5816 - 5824
(2018/05/14)
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- New anthranilic acid based antagonists with high affinity and selectivity for the human cholecystokinin receptor 1 (hCCK1-R)
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The anthranilic acid diamides represent the most recent class of nonpeptide CCK1 receptor (CCK1-R) antagonists. Herein we describe the second phase of the anthranilic acid C-terminal optimization using nonproteinogenic amino acids containing a phenyl ring in their side chain. The Homo-Phe derivative 2 (VL-0797) enhanced 12-fold the affinity for the rat CCK1-R affinity and 15-fold for the human CCK1-R relative to the reference compound 12 (VL-0395). The eutomer of 2 (6) exhibited a nanomolar range affinity toward the human CCK1-R and was at least 400-fold selective for the CCK1-R over the CCK2-R. Molecular docking in the modeled CCK1-R and its validation by site-directed mutagenesis experiments showed that the 6 binding site overlaps that occupied by the C-terminal bioactive region of the natural agonist CCK. Owing to their interesting properties, new compounds provided by this study represent a solid basis for further advances aimed at synthesis of clinically valuable CCK1-R antagonists.
- Pavan, Michela V.,Lassiani, Lucia,Berti, Federico,Stefancich, Giorgio,Ciogli, Alessia,Gasparrini, Francesco,Mennuni, Laura,Ferrari, Flora,Escrieut, Chantal,Marco, Esther,Makovec, Francesco,Fourmy, Daniel,Varnavas, Antonio
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experimental part
p. 5769 - 5785
(2011/10/09)
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- Impact of the carbon chain length of novel palladium(ll) Complexes on interaction with DNA and cytotoxic activity
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A series of Pd(II) complexes with a benzenealkyl dicarboxlate chain, with the formulas [Pd(Ln)(bipy)].mH2O (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, complex 1: L1 = phenylmalonate, m = 2.5; complex 2: L2 = benzylmalonate, m = 1; complex 3: L3 = phenethylmatonate, m = 2; complex 4: L4 = phenylpropylmalonate, m = 5), have been prepared in an attempt to correlate factors about the carbon chain of the compounds with DNA binding and cytotoxic activity. The binding of complexes with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) was carried out by UV absorption and fluorescence spectra. A gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complexes to cleave the pBR322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxic effects of these complexes were examined on four cancer cell lines, HeLa, Hep-G2, KB, and AGZY-83a. The four complexes exhibited cytotoxic specificity and a significant cancer cell inhibitory rate. An apparent dependence of DNAbinding properties and cytotoxicity on the carbon chain length was obtained: the longer the carbon chain length, the higher the efficiency of DNA-binding and the greater the cytotoxicity. 2010 American Chemical Society.
- Gao, Enjun,Zhu, Mingchang,Liu, Lei,Huang, Yun,Wang, Lei,Shi, Chuyue,Zhang, Wanzhong,Sun, Yaguang
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experimental part
p. 3261 - 3270
(2010/06/13)
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- Modified pyrimidine glucocorticoid receptor modulators
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The present invention provides a novel class of modified pyrimidine compounds and compositions and methods of using the compounds as glucocorticoid receptor modulators.
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Page/Page column 16
(2008/06/13)
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- Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of haloenol lactones: Site-directed and isozyme-selective glutathione S-transferase inhibitors
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Overexpression of glutathione S-transferase (GST), particularly the GST-π isozyme, has been proposed to be one of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy, and inhibition of overexpressed GST has been suggested as an approach to combat GST-induced drug resistance. 3-Cinnamyl-5(E)-bromomethylidenetetrahydro-2-furanone (1a), a lead compound of site-directed GST-π inactivator, has been shown to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on tumor cells. As an initial step to develop more potent and more selective haloenol lactone inactivators of GST-π, we examined the relationship between the chemical structures of haloenol lactone derivatives and their GST inhibitory activity. A total of 16 haloenol lactone derivatives were synthesized to probe the effects of (1) halogen electronegativity, (2) electron density of aromatic rings, (3) molecular size and rigidity, (4) lipophilicity, and (5) aromaticity on the potency of GST-π inactivation. The inhibitory potency of each compound was determined by time-dependent inhibition tests, and recombinant human GST-π was used to determine their inhibitory activity. Our structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that (1) reactivity of the halide leaving group plays a weak role in GST inactivation by the haloenol lactones, (2) aromatic electron density may have some influence on the potency of GST inactivation, (3) high rigidity likely disfavors enzyme inhibition, (4) lipophilicity is inversely proportional to enzyme inactivation, and (5) an unsaturated system may be important for enzyme inhibition. This work facilitated understanding of the interaction of GST-π with haloenol lactone derivatives as site-directed and isozyme-selective inactivators, possibly potentiating cancer chemotherapy.
- Wu, Zhixing,Minhas, Gurpreet Singh,Wen, Dingyi,Jiang, Hualiang,Chen, Kaixian,Zimniak, Piotr,Zheng, Jiang
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p. 3282 - 3294
(2007/10/03)
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- N-, α-, and β-substituted 3-aminopropionic acids: Design, syntheses and antiseizure activities
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A treatment for epilepsy is proposed based on analogues of 3-aminopropionic acid (β-alanine), a putative neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). A model three point pharmacophore was proposed based on modelling data obtained from the study of antagonists for both the glial γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-uptake site and the glycine co-agonist site of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Three series of 3-aminopropionic acids containing, N-, α-, and β-substituents, were designed and synthesized to probe the position and the size of a lipophilic binding pocket within the proposed pharmacophore. These analogues were tested in vivo for both their antiseizure activities and their neurologic toxicities. Among the fourteen novel 3-aminopropionic acids synthesized, eight were found to have promising antiseizure activity. This study shows that substitution on the N-terminus confers the greatest antiseizure activity, particularly against pilocarpine-induced seizures.
- Tan,Wainman,Weaver
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p. 113 - 121
(2007/10/03)
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- Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of 6-alkynylpyrimidines as potent adenosine kinase inhibitors
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Adenosine (ADO) is an extracellular signaling molecule within the central and peripheral nervous system. Its concentration is increased at sites of tissue injury and inflammation. One of the mechanisms by which antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of ADO can be enhanced consists of inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), the primary metabolic enzyme for ADO. Novel nonnucleoside AK inhibitors based on 4-amino-6-alkynylpyrimidines were prepared, and the importance of the length of the linker at the 5-position for high affinity AK inhibition was demonstrated. Compounds with 2- and 3-atom linkers were the most potent AK inhibitors. Optimization of their physicochemical properties led to 31a and 37a that effectively reduced pain and inflammation in animal models.
- Gomtsyan, Arthur,Didomenico, Stanley,Lee, Chih-Hung,Matulenko, Mark A.,Kim, Ki,Kowaluk, Elizabeth A.,Wismer, Carol T.,Mikusa, Joe,Yu, Haixia,Kohlhaas, Kathy,Jarvis, Michael F.,Bhagwatt, Shripad S.
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p. 3639 - 3648
(2007/10/03)
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- Design and pharmacological activity of phosphinic acid based NAALADase inhibitors
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A novel series of phosphinic acid based inhibitors of the neuropeptidase NAALADase are described in this work. This series of compounds is the most potent series of inhibitors of the enzyme described to date. In addition, we have shown that these compounds are protective in animal models of neurodegeneration. Compound 34 significantly prevented neurodegeneration in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia. In addition, in the chronic constrictive model of neuropathic pain, compound 34 significantly attenuated the hypersensitivity observed with saline-treated animals. These data suggest that NAALADase inhibition may provide a new approach for the treatment of both neurodegenerative disorders and peripheral neuropathies.
- Jackson,Tays,Maclin,Ko,Li,Vitharana,Tsukamoto,Stoermer,Lu,Wozniak,Slusher
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p. 4170 - 4175
(2007/10/03)
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- Solution parallel synthesis of cyclic guanidines
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An efficient method for the solution phase synthesis of cyclic guanidines is presented. A variety of 2-substituted monoprotected propanediamines react with a set of 5-substituted 2-methylthio-3,4,5,6- tetrahydropyrimidines under Rathke conditions for the construction of a potential library of 81 cyclic guanidines.
- Marmillon, Christelle,Bompart, Jacques,Calas, Michèle,Escale, Roger,Bonnet, Pierre-Antoine
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p. 1317 - 1328
(2007/10/03)
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- beta -thiopropionyl-aminoacid derivatives and their use as beta -lactamase inhibitors
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PCT No. PCT/EP97/00516 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 13, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 13, 1999 PCT Filed Feb. 3, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/30027 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 21, 1997A method of treatment of bacterial infections in humans or animals which comprises administering, in combination with a beta -lactam antibiotic, a therapeutically effective amount of an amino acid derivative of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein: R is hydrogen, a salt forming cation or an in vivo hydrolysable ester-forming group; R1 is hydrogen, (C1-6)alkyl optionally substituted by up to three halogen atoms or by a mercapto, (C1-6)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, carboxy, (C1-6)alkylcarbonyloxy, (C1-6)alkoxycarbonyl, formyl or (C1-6)alkylcarbonyl group, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl(C2-6)alkyl, (C2-6)alkenyl, (C2-6)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C1-6)alkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclyl(C1-6)alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, (C1-6)alkyl or aryl(C1-6)alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, (C1-6)alkyl optionally substituted by up to three halogen atoms, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, fused aryl(C3-7)cycloalkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl(C2-6)alkyl, (C2-6)alkenyl, (C2-6)alkynyl, aryl, aryl-(CHR10)m-X-(CHR11)n, heterocyclyl or heterocyclyl-(CHR10)m-X-(CHR11)n, where m is 0 to 3, n is 1 to 3, each R10 and R11 is independently hydrogen or (C1-4)alkyl and X is O, S(O)x where x is 0-2, or a bond; R4 is hydrogen, or an in vivo hydrolysable acyl group; and R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen and (C1-6)alkyl or together represent (CH2)p where p is 2 to 5. Some compounds are claimed per se.
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- Phosphinic pseudo-tripeptides as potent inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases: A structure-activity study
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Several phosphinic pseudo-tripeptides of general formula R-XaaΨ(PO2- CH2)Xaa'-Yaa'-NH2 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activities to inhibit stromelysin-3, gelatinases A and B, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, collagenases 1 and 2, and matrilysin. With the exception of collagenase-1 and matrilysin, phosphinic pseudo-tripeptides behave as highly potent inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, provided they contain in P1' position an unusual long aryl-alkyl substituent. Study of structure-activity relationships regarding the influence of the R and Xaa' substituents in this series may contribute to the design of inhibitors able to block only a few members of the matrix metalloproteinase family.
- Vassiliou, Stamatia,Mucha, Artur,Cuniasse, Philippe,Georgiadis, Dimitris,Lucet-Levannier, Karine,Beau, Fabrice,Kannan, Rama,Murphy, Gillian,Kn?uper, Vera,Rio, Marie-Christine,Basset, Paul,Yiotakis, Athanasios,Dive, Vincent
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p. 2610 - 2620
(2007/10/03)
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- Pharmaceuticals which promote gastrointestinal blood circulation
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The use is described of compounds of the general formula I STR1 wherein R1 represents a phenyl-lower alkyl group which can optionally be substituted in the phenyl ring by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen, or represents a naphthyl-lower alkyl group, R2 denotes hydrogen or a biolabile ester-forming group, and R3 denotes hydrogen or a biolabile ester-forming group, and physiologically acceptable salts of the acids of formula I for preparing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of gastrointestinal blood circulation disturbances.
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- BENZAZEPINE-, BENZOXAZEPINE- AND BENZOTHIAZEPINE-N-ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
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Compounds with neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitory activity corresponding to the formula I STR1 in which R 1 is a lower alkoxy-lower-alkyl group whose lower alkoxy radical is substituted by a lower alkoxy group, or a phenyl-lower-alkyl or phenyloxy-lower-alkyl group which can optionally be substituted in the phenyl ring by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen, or a naphthyl-lower-alkyl group, A is CH 2, O or S,R 2 is hydrogen or halogen,R. sup.3 is hydrogen or halogen,R 4 is hydrogen or a group forming a biolabile ester, andR 5 is hydrogen or a group forming a biolabile ester, and the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.
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- N-(MERCAPTOACYL) PEPTIDYL DERIVATIVES AS ANTIDEGENERATIVE AGENTS
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Novel N-(mercaptoacyl)peptidyl compounds are useful as inhibitors of matrix metalloendoproteinases which degrade major components of articular cartilage and basement membranes causing degenerative diseases such as arthritis, periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, are described. For example, N-(2-thiomethyl-4-phenyl-butanoyl)-L-leucinamide was prepared and its inhibitory activity against stromelysin was tested in vitro.
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- Ring opening of cyclopropanemonocarboxylates and 1,1- cyclopropanedicarboxylates using samarium(II) diiodide (SmI2)-HMPA-THF system
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The cyclopropane ring in 2-substituted 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylates was regioselectively opened by using samarium(II) diiodide (Sml2) in a hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA)-tetrahydrofuran (THF) (1:10) system under mild and neutral conditions to give (2-substituted ethyl)malonates in moderate to good yields. The cyclopropane ring in 2-substituted cyclopropanecarboxylates or 2-substituted 3- (trimethylsilyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates was similarly cleaved regioselectively by using Sml2 in a HMPA-THF (1:1) system to give 4- arylbutyrates or 4-aryl-3-(trimethylsilyl)butyrates in 16-89% yields. The reaction mechanism of these ring-opening reactions is discussed.
- Yamashita,Okuyama,Ohhara,Kawasaki,Sakai,Nakata,Kawabe,Kusumoto,Ohta
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p. 2075 - 2081
(2007/10/03)
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- Relative Rates for the Addition Reactions of the Malonyl Radical to Substituted Styrenes Induced by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate and Tributyltin Hydride. A Comparison
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The relative rates for the addition reactions of the malonyl radical to substituted styrenes induced by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) and tributyltin hydride have been determined.The two processes exhibit practically identical ρ+ values (-1.05 and -1.06), thus suggesting that the coordination between the metal and the radical does not play a significant role in the CAN-promoted oxidative additions.
- Baciocchi, Enrico,Giese, Bernd,Farshchi, Hassan,Ruzziconi, Renzo
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p. 5688 - 5691
(2007/10/02)
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- Aminobenzoic and aminocyclohexanecarboylic acid compounds, compositions, and their method of use
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Compounds of the formula inhibit the action of neutral endopeptidase. As a result, such compounds produce diuresis, natriuresis, and lower blood pressure as well as being useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure, relieving pain, and diarrhea when administered to a mammalian host.
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- Design, Synthesis, and Testing of Potential Antisickling Agents. 4. Structure-Activity Relationships of Benzyloxy and Phenoxy Acids
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In this paper we further establish the activity of two classes of small molecules, benzyloxy and phenoxy acids, as potent inhibitors of hemoglobin S (HbS) gelation.Structural modifications with a large number of each class confirm our earlier work that the highest activity is observed with compounds that contain dihalogenated aromatic rings with attached polar side chains.We have also found a halogenated aromatic malonic acid derivative to be quite active.Compounds reported in this paper are compared with other antigelling agents studied in our laboratory.Comments are made concerning the antigelling activity and binding sites of four derivatives and their effect on the allosteric mechanism of hemoglobin (Hb) function.
- Abraham, D. J.,Kennedy, P. E.,Mehanna, A. S.,Patwa, D. C.,Williams, F. L.
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p. 967 - 978
(2007/10/02)
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