- Transition Metal-Free N-Arylation of Amino Acid Esters with Diaryliodonium Salts
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A transition metal-free approach for the N-arylation of amino acid derivatives has been developed. Key to this method is the use of unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts with anisyl ligands, which proved important to obtain high chemoselectivity and yields. The scope includes the transfer of both electron deficient, electron rich and sterically hindered aryl groups with a variety of different functional groups. Furthermore, a cyclic diaryliodonium salt was successfully employed in the arylation. The N-arylated products were obtained with retained enantiomeric excess.
- Kervefors, Gabriella,Kersting, Leonard,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 5790 - 5795
(2021/03/08)
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- TRANSGLUTAMINASE 2 (TG2) INHIBITORS
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Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds which inhibit transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Also described herein are methods for using such TG2 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that would benefit from TG2 inhibition.
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Paragraph 00350
(2020/03/02)
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- Catalytic Transfer Hydrodebenzylation with Low Palladium Loading
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A highly-efficient catalytic system for hydrodebenzylation reaction is described. The cleavage of O-benzyl and N-benzyl protecting groups was performed using an uncommonly low palladium loading (0.02–0.3 mol%; TON up to 5000) in a relatively short reaction time. The approach was used for a variety of substrates including pharmaceutically important precursors, and gram-scale deprotection reaction was shown. Transfer conditions together with easy-to-make Pd/C catalyst are the key features of this debenzylation scheme. (Figure presented.).
- Yakukhnov, Sergey A.,Ananikov, Valentine P.
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supporting information
p. 4781 - 4789
(2019/09/16)
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- Identification of a 4-fluorobenzyl L-valinate amide benzoxaborole (AN11736) as a potential development candidate for the treatment of Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT)
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Novel L-valinate amide benzoxaboroles and analogues were designed and synthesized for a structure-activity-relationship (SAR) investigation to optimize the growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense) and Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) parasites. The study identified 4-fluorobenzyl (1-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborole-6-carbonyl)-L-valinate (5, AN11736), which showed IC50 values of 0.15 nM against T. congolense and 1.3 nM against T. vivax, and demonstrated 100% efficacy with a single dose of 10 mg/kg against both T. congolense and T. vivax in mouse models of infection (IP dosing) and in the target animal, cattle, dosed intramuscularly. AN11736 has been advanced to early development studies.
- Akama, Tsutomu,Zhang, Yong-Kang,Freund, Yvonne R.,Berry, Pamela,Lee, Joanne,Easom, Eric E.,Jacobs, Robert T.,Plattner, Jacob J.,Witty, Michael J.,Peter, Rosemary,Rowan, Tim G.,Gillingwater, Kirsten,Brun, Reto,Nare, Bakela,Mercer, Luke,Xu, Musheng,Wang, Jiangong,Liang, Hao
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- Chiral recognition of carboxylates by a static library of thiourea receptors with amino acid arms
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Chiral recognition is based on a large network of very subtle interactions whose outcome is difficult to predict. A combinatorial approach is therefore the most suitable to search for the most efficient receptor and obtain a structure-enantioselectivity correlation. We synthesized a set of 12 receptors constructed with 1,9-diaminoantracene and α-amino acid esters, linked via thiourea groups. The association constants and enantioselectivities for the complexes with mandelate and N-acetylphenylalanine were determined by competitive NMR titrations. Association constants quite regularly depend on the substituents in the receptor structure, but the distribution of enantioselectivities across the library could not easily be rationalized.
- Ulatowski, Filip,Jurczak, Janusz
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p. 4235 - 4243
(2015/05/13)
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- Heterogeneous H-Bonding in a Foldamer Helix
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Structural characterization of new α/γ-peptide foldamers containing the cyclically constrained γ-amino acid I is described. Crystallographic and 2D NMR analysis shows that γ residue I promotes the formation of a 12/10-helical secondary structure in α/γ-pe
- Fisher, Brian F.,Guo, Li,Dolinar, Brian S.,Guzei, Ilia A.,Gellman, Samuel H.
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p. 6484 - 6487
(2015/06/08)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of potent azadipeptide nitrile inhibitors and activity-based probes as promising anti-Trypanosoma brucei agents
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Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei are parasites that cause Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness, respectively. There is an urgent need for the development of new drugs against both diseases due to the lack of adequate cures and emerging drug resistance. One promising strategy for the discovery of small-molecule therapeutics against parasitic diseases has been to target the major cysteine proteases such as cruzain for T. cruzi, and rhodesain/TbCatB for T. brucei. Azadipeptide nitriles belong to a novel class of extremely potent cysteine protease inhibitors against papain-like proteases. We herein report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of azanitrile-containing compounds, most of which were shown to potently inhibit both recombinant cruzain and rhodesain at low nanomolar/picomolar ranges. A strong correlation between the potency of rhodesain inhibition (i.e., target-based screening) and trypanocidal activity (i.e., whole-organism-based screening) of the compounds was observed. To facilitate detailed studies of this important class of inhibitors, selected hit compounds from our screenings were chemically converted into activity-based probes (ABPs), which were subsequently used for in situ proteome profiling and cellular localization studies to further elucidate potential cellular targets (on and off) in both the disease-relevant bloodstream form (BSF) and the insect-residing procyclic form (PCF) of Trypanosoma brucei. Overall, the inhibitors presented herein show great promise as a new class of anti-trypanosome agents, which possess better activities than existing drugs. The activity-based probes generated from this study could also serve as valuable tools for parasite-based proteome profiling studies, as well as bioimaging agents for studies of cellular uptake and distribution of these drug candidates. Our studies therefore provide a good starting point for further development of these azanitrile-containing compounds as potential anti-parasitic agents. Copyright
- Yang, Peng-Yu,Wang, Min,Li, Lin,Wu, Hao,He, Cynthia Y.,Yao, Shao Q.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6528 - 6541
(2012/07/13)
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- Catalyst and solvent-free amidation of inactive esters of N-protected amino acids
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A catalyst free procedure for the preparation of amides from inactive esters of N-protected amino acids and various amines is demonstrated under mild reaction conditions. Our effort to recover excess amine and generated alcohol is an approach towards environment friendly and cost effective synthesis under easy operational conditions.
- Nadimpally, Krishna Chaitanya,Thalluri, Kishore,Palakurthy, Nani Babu,Saha, Abhijit,Mandal, Bhubaneswar
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2579 - 2582
(2011/06/21)
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- Low molecular weight MPEG-assisted organic synthesis
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A toolkit of low molecular weight MPEG-supported coupling agents ( MIIDQ, MEDCI), reagents for the Mitsunobu reaction ( MDEAD, MTPP), an alternative to diazomethane, and scavengers can be used in the solution-phase synthesis of amides, esters and ureas and are easily removed after use by solid-phase extraction (MSPE) using normal silica.
- Figlus, Marek,Tarruella, Albert C.,Messer, Anastasia,Sollis, Steven L.,Hartley, Richard C.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4405 - 4407
(2010/09/15)
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- Toward the back-up of Boceprevir (SCH 503034): Discovery of new extended P4-capped ketoamide inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease with improved potency and pharmacokinetic profiles
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Hepatitis C is the most prevalent liver disease. Viral hepatitis C (HCV), a small (+)-RNA virus, infects chronically an estimated 300 million people worldwide. Results of Phase I clinical studies with our first generation HCV inhibitor Boceprevir, SCH 503034 (1), presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) were encouraging, and thus, additional human clinical studies are underway. In view of the positive data from our first generation compound, further work aimed at optimizing its overall profile was undertaken. Herein, we report that extension of our earlier inhibitor to the P4 pocket and optimization of the P1′ capping led to the discovery of new ketoamide inhibitors of the HCV NS3 serine protease with improved in vitro potency. In addition to being potent inhibitors of HCV subgenomic RNA replication, some of the new P4-capped inhibitors were also found to have improved PK profile.
- Bogen, Stéphane L.,Pan, Weidong,Ruan, Sumei,Nair, Latha G.,Arasappan, Ashok,Bennett, Frank,Chen, Kevin X.,Jao, Edwin,Venkatraman, Srikanth,Vibulbhan, Bancha,Liu, Rong,Cheng, Kuo-Chi,Guo, Zhuyan,Tong, Xiao,Saksena, Anil K.,Girijavallabhan, Viyyoor,Njoroge, F. George
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scheme or table
p. 3679 - 3688
(2010/04/05)
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- AMIDE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF ASPARTYL PROTEASES
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The invention provides compounds of the formula (I). N-oxides, addition salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes, stereochemically isomeric forms and metabolites thereof, wherein W is H,C 1-C 6 alkyl, C 3-C 6 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl; Q is aryl or heterocyclyl; A is a five or six membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic ring; D is (II) or (III) the other variables are as defined in the specification. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of BACE and are among other things useful for the treatment and/or prevention of conditions associated with BACE activity such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Page/Page column 50
(2008/12/04)
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- AMIDE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF ASPARTYL PROTEASES
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The invention provides compounds of the formula (I). N-oxides, addition salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes, stereochemically isomeric forms and metabolites thereof, wherein W is H, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl; Q is aryl or heterocyclyl; A is a five or six membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic ring; D is formula (II) or formula (III); and the other variables are as defined in the specification. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of aspartyl proteases such as renin and BACE and are among other things useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of conditions associated with activities of the RAS, such as hypertension, heart failure and renal insufficiency and for the treatment and or prophylaxis of conditions associated with BACE activity such as of Alzheimer's disease.
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Page/Page column 49-50
(2008/12/04)
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- PEPTIDIC COMPOUNDS
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The present invention provides a compound of formula (I), (II), (III) and (IV) as defined herein and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. The present invention further provides use of the compounds of the present invention in the treatment of bacterial infection and in the treatment of HIV infection. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention.
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Page/Page column 34
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis of the amide analog of alternariolide (AM-toxin I), a host specific phytotoxin for apple leaves
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The amide analog of alternariolide (AM-toxin I) was synthesized with high efficiency. The analog showed comparable biological activity to that of alternariolide.
- Sakai, Mitsuru,Okuno, Toshikatsu,Hashimoto, Kimiko,Shirahama, Haruhisa
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p. 623 - 633
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient method for the preparation of carboxylic acid alkyl esters or alkyl phenyl ethers by a new-type of oxidation-reduction condensation using 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone and alkoxydiphenylphosphines
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A new-type of oxidation-reduction condensation proceeded smoothly to afford carboxylic acid alkyl esters or alkyl phenyl ethers in good to high yields by combined use of alkoxydiphenylphosphines (1) having primary, bulky secondary or tertiary alkoxy groups, a mild quinone-type oxidant such as 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and carboxylic acids or phenols. Generally, alkoxydiphenylphosphines were prepared easily from chlorodiphenylphosphine (2) and alcohols in the presence of pyridine, and were isolated by distillation. On the other hand, the phosphines 1 were also prepared in situ from N,N-dimethylaminodiphenylphosphine (3a) and primary or secondary alcohols while primary, bulky secondary or tertiary alkoxydiphenylphosphines were alternatively formed in situ by adding 2 to the "BuLi-treated alcohols in order to perform the above reactions by a one-pot procedure from alcohols and nucleophiles. The reaction of thus formed 1, DMBQ and carboxylic acids or phenols afforded the corresponding alkylated products, including hindered secondary and tertiary alkylated ones, in good to high yields at room temperature. In the case of using chiral secondary alcohols, the corresponding carboxylic acid alkyl esters were obtained as well in high yields with perfect inversion of stereochemistry by SN2 replacement.
- Shintou, Taichi,Kikuchi, Wataru,Mukaiyama, Teruaki
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p. 1645 - 1667
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of various carboxylic acid esters from bulky alcohols and carboxylic acids by a new type oxidation-reduction condensation using 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone
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A new-type oxidation-reduction condensation by using 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ), carboxylic acids and in situ formed alkoxydiphenylphosphines (1) including the bulky alkoxy group-substituted ones proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid esters in good to high yields. Alkoxydiphenylphosphines were formed in situ by treating either N,N-dimethylaminodiphenylphosphine (Ph2PNMe2) with primary or secondary alcohols or chlorodiphenylphosphine with the lithium salts of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
- Mukaiyama, Teruaki,Kikuchi, Wataru,Shintou, Taichi
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p. 300 - 301
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzylation of carboxylic acids by oxidation-reduction condensation using quinones and benzyloxydiphenylphosphine
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Various carboxylic benzyl esters were obtained in high yields by way of oxidation-reduction condensation in which benzyloxydiphenylphosphine (BDPP), having been prepared easily from chlorodiphenylphosphine and benzyl alcohol, was treated with various carboxylic acids in the presence of 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone(DMBQ) under mild conditions.
- Mukaiyama, Teruaki,Shintou, Taichi,Kikuchi, Wataru
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p. 1126 - 1127
(2007/10/03)
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- ISOPROPENYL CHLOROCARBONATE (IPCC) IN AMINO ACID AND PEPTIDE CHEMISTRY: ESTERIFICATION OF N-PROTECTED AMINO ACIDS; APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF THE DEPSIPEPTIDE VALINOMYCIN
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Esterification of N-protected α-amino acids was achieved via isopropenyl chlorocarbonate (IPCC) activation.In situ alcoholysis of the unstable mixed anhydride intermediate was catalised by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP).Competing isopropenyl ester formation was negligible when using methylene chloride as the solvent.A variety of esters from primary and secondary alcohols were obtained with good yields (60 to 90 percent), and even the more hindered tertiobutyl alcohol gave acceptable yields under more drastic conditions.The improvement in depsipeptide synthetic methodology is illustrated by preparation of the antibiotic valinomycin, using IPCC for ester bond formation, and BOP reagent for peptide coupling and the last-step cyclisation.
- Zeggaf, Choukri,Poncet, Joel,Jouin, Patrick,Dufour, Marie-Noelle,Castro, Bertrand
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p. 5039 - 5050
(2007/10/02)
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- A Simple and Mild Esterification Method for Carboxylic Acids Using Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic Anhydrides
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A simple and mild esterification method using mixed carboxylic-carbonic anhydrides has been developed.Simple aliphatic carboxylic esters are prepared in high yields by the reaction of acids with equimolar amounts of chloroformates (2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate is an exception) and triethylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine.Although aromatic acids give a mixture of the ester, the acid anhydride, and the carbonate under normal conditions utilized in this study, it is found that increasing the amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine drastically decreases the formation of the acid anhydride and the carbonate, affording a satisfactory yield of the ester.This method reaches a limit with sterically hindered acids and the formation of the acid anhydride and the carbonate is favored.
- Kim, Sunggak,Lee, Jae In,Kim, Youn Chul
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p. 560 - 565
(2007/10/02)
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