- Kinetics of cyclooctene hydroformylation for continuous homogeneous catalysis
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The kinetics of Rh-catalysed cyclooctene hydroformylation were investigated, based on the mechanism described for a single tris(2,4-di-tert- butylphenyl)phosphite ligand coordinated to a rhodium center. The rate limiting step was found to be the coordination of cyclooctene to the metal center as suggested in literature. Parameters of the corresponding rate equation were estimated by nonlinear regression. Experimental data obtained from semi-batch reactions were compared with model predictions and shown to be in good agreement. A continuous jet-loop reactor with coupled nanofiltration was designed and the kinetics were validated. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Gueven, Sabriye,Hamers, Bart,Franke, Robert,Priske, Markus,Becker, Marc,Vogt, Dieter
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Read Online
- Binuclear Pd(I)-Pd(I) Catalysis Assisted by Iodide Ligands for Selective Hydroformylation of Alkenes and Alkynes
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Since its discovery in 1938, hydroformylation has been thoroughly investigated and broadly applied in industry (>107 metric ton yearly). However, the ability to precisely control its regioselectivity with well-established Rh- or Co-catalysts has thus far proven elusive, thereby limiting access to many synthetically valuable aldehydes. Pd-catalysts represent an appealing alternative, yet their use remains sparse due to undesired side-processes. Here, we report a highly selective and exceptionally active catalyst system that is driven by a novel activation strategy and features a unique Pd(I)-Pd(I) mechanism, involving an iodide-assisted binuclear step to release the product. This method enables β-selective hydroformylation of a large range of alkenes and alkynes, including sensitive starting materials. Its utility is demonstrated in the synthesis of antiobesity drug Rimonabant and anti-HIV agent PNU-32945. In a broader context, the new mechanistic understanding enables the development of other carbonylation reactions of high importance to chemical industry.
- Zhang, Yang,Torker, Sebastian,Sigrist, Michel,Bregovi?, Nikola,Dydio, Pawe?
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supporting information
p. 18251 - 18265
(2020/11/02)
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- Methylene C(sp3)-H β,β′-Diarylation of Cyclohexanecarbaldehydes Promoted by a Transient Directing Group and Pyridone Ligand
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A hindered β-amino amide transient directing group effects di-trans-arylation of cyclohexanecarbaldehydes. The amide N-substituents are shown to affect yield and can enhance the rate of arylation compared with the α-amino acid. Addition of a pyridone ligand further enhanced reactivity. The reaction is successful for a range of aryl iodides, and various substituted cyclohexane carboxaldehydes, providing functionalized products from simple feedstocks. A mechanism is proposed evoking a transient enamine.
- Bull, James A.,St John-Campbell, Sahra,White, Andrew J. P.
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supporting information
(2020/03/10)
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- Determining the necessity of phenyl ring π-character in warfarin
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Despite the difficulty in administering a safe dose regimen and reports of emerging resistance, warfarin (1) remains the most widely-used oral anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis in humans globally. Systematic substitution of the warfarin phenyl ring with either 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) (2), cubane (3), cyclohexane (4) or cyclooctane (5) and subsequent evaluation against the target enzyme, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), facilitated interrogation of both steric and electronic properties of the phenyl pharmacophore. The tolerance of VKOR to further functional group modification (carboxylate 14, PTAD adduct 15) was also investigated. The results demonstrate the importance of both annulene conferred π-interactions and ring size in the activity of warfarin.
- Xing, Hui,Houston, Sevan D.,Chen, Xuejie,Jin, Da-Yun,Savage, G. Paul,Tie, Jian-Ke,Williams, Craig M.
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supporting information
p. 1954 - 1956
(2019/06/04)
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- Boosting the hydrolytic stability of phosphite ligand in hydroformylation by the construction of superhydrophobic porous framework
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The development of a catalyst that delivers high activities and selectivities with excellent durability is of great importance. Numerous efficient catalysts suffer from the inherent hydrolysis liabilities, plaguing their practical applications. Herein, we show that this challenge can be tackled by constructing them into superhydrophobic porous frameworks, as exemplified by a water-sensitive phosphite ligand, tris(2-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. The efficiency and long-term stability of the developed system are remarkably high in the hydroformylation of internal olefins after metalation with Rh species, superior to the corresponding homogeneous analogues. The significantly boosted hydrolytic stability allows for catalytic transformations using water as a green solvent, which not only facilitates the isolation of the products, but also furnishes the aldehydes with higher regioselectivities for the desired linear form in comparison with that operated under benchmark conditions using toluene as a reaction medium. Given these promising results, we anticipate the strategy advanced herein will form the basis for constructive perspectives in the enhancement of the water resistance of catalysts and the development of high performance hydroformylation catalysts.
- Tang, Yongquan,Dong, Ke,Wang, Sai,Sun, Qi,Meng, Xiangju,Xiao, Feng-Shou
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- Supported rhodium liquid metal catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins
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The hydroformylation of olefins in supported room temperature liquid metals was developed, and the supported Rh liquid metal catalysts (Rh SLMCs) showed unprecedented activity and high selectivity for the hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes. The turnover frequency is up to 7000?h?1, much higher than that of homogeneous RhCl3?+?3PPh3 catalyst. Moreover, the Rh SLMCs can be recovered conveniently without obvious deactivation, and the total turnover number is up to 250?000. The active Rh(I) catalyst formed in situ can be reduced back to Rh(0) by the free electrons in liquid metal when H2/CO gas is emitted, and thus Rh is not leaked into the organic solvent. Long-chain olefins, cycloolefins and styrenes were applied, and the corresponding aldehydes were obtained in good to excellent yields.
- Sun, Hao,Guo, Wanwan,Liu, Junmei,Feng, Zhipeng,Li, Ruyue,Zhou, Xuyang,Huang, Jun
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- An Effective Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroformylation of Olefins with Formic Acid
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An effective palladium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation of olefins with formic acid is described. The ligand plays a crucial role in directing the reaction pathway. Linear aldehydes can be obtained in up to 93% yield with >20:1 regioselectivity using 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) as the ligand. The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no syngas.
- Ren, Wenlong,Chang, Wenju,Dai, Jie,Shi, Yuan,Li, Jingfu,Shi, Yian
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supporting information
p. 14864 - 14867
(2016/11/29)
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- Phosphonium-based aminophosphines as bifunctional ligands for sequential catalysis of one-pot hydroformylation-acetalization of olefins
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A series of ionic phosphonium-based aminophosphines L1-L3 were prepared and fully characterized, in each of which the involved bifunctional moieties of the phosphine fragment and Lewis acidic phosphonium were linked together by stable chemical bonds and bridged by one N-atom. The molecular structure of the L2-ligated Rh-complex (Rh-L2) indicated that such bifunctionalities were well retained without incompatibility problems. Investigations on co-catalysis over L1-L3 showed that L3 exhibited the best sequential catalysis for both hydroformylation and acetalization. The phosphine fragment in L3 was responsible for hydroformylation together with the Rh-complex and the phosphonium acted as the Lewis acidic catalyst in charge of acetalization. The L3-Rh(acac)(CO)2 system also exhibited good generality to hydroformylation-acetalization of a wide range of olefins in different alcohols.
- Wang, Peng,Liu, Huan,Li, Yong-Qi,Zhao, Xiao-Li,Lu, Yong,Liu, Ye
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p. 3854 - 3861
(2016/06/14)
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- Selective oxidation of hydrocarbons under air using recoverable silver ferrite-graphene (AgFeO2-G) nanocomposite: A good catalyst for green chemistry
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The selective oxidation of hydrocarbons is a main academic and industrial research challenge. A lot of researches have been done about this issue, but till now relatively little attention has been paid to graphene-complex oxide nanocomposites. Herein, we report our studies on a new catalyst. Silver ferrite-graphene (AgFeO2-G) as a separable nanocomposite from the reaction solution, was used as an effective oxidizing agent for the oxidation of various hydrocarbons (1- decene, cyclohexene, cis-cycloctene, cyclohexane, cyclooctane etc.) under mild conditions (55 °C, 8 h) with high conversion and selectivity using air, that is proper for 'green' chemistry. Metal or metal oxide nanoparticles assembled on graphene sheets revealed high electrocatalytic activity. Indeed, AgFeO2 with graphene due to low band gap and graphene oxide with large amounts of oxygen-containing groups, provide facility catalytic activity of catalyst-supported system. We also found that, with this catalyst, selective oxidation could be achieved without the need for the addition of solvent, which is appropriate in particular for 'green' chemistry. The catalysts showed little deactivation and maintained their conversion and selectivity levels duration of the measurements.
- Hosseini, Seyed Majid,Hosseini-Monfared, Hassan,Abbasi, Vahideh,Khoshroo, Mohammad Reza
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- A selective small molecule NOP (ORL-1 receptor) partial agonist for the treatment of anxiety
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Small molecule (1) has been identified as a selective partial agonist of Opioid Receptor Like-1 (ORL-1) with potential utility for the treatment of anxiety and other disorders. Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) is an endogenous peptide ligand that binds to ORL-1, however it does not bind the classical δ, μ and κ opioid receptors with high affinity. The synthesis of 1 involved using a molecular diversity approach, to rapidly advance a library of compounds for biological testing. A lead selective potent partial agonist (35-fold ORL-1/Mu) progressed to ORL-1 (NOP or OP4) proof of concept testing in advanced studies. The synthetic approach and biological data for the related chemical series will be presented.
- Ross, Tina Morgan,Battista, Kathleen,Bignan, Gilles C.,Brenneman, Doug E.,Connolly, Peter J.,Liu, Jingchun,Middleton, Steven A.,Orsini, Michael,Reitz, Allen B.,Rosenthal, Dan I.,Scott, Malcolm K.,Vaidya, Anil H.
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p. 602 - 606
(2015/01/30)
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- Decreasing Side Products and Increasing Selectivity in the Tandem Hydroformylation/Acyloin Reaction
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A highly selective catalyst system was developed for the recently discovered tandem hydroformylation/acyloin reaction by systematic investigations and changes of reaction conditions. This new catalyst system is characterized by an excellent selectivity of the desired reaction pathway with negligible amounts of side products. A successful application of the tandem hydroformylation/acyloin reaction to a variety of olefins is enabled with comparable excellent selectivities up to >99% for the first and second reaction step, therefore a general synthesis for the conversion of olefins into acyloins is found. Furthermore, very good to excellent yields for the intermediates and final acyloin products were observed within two catalysed reactions in one preparative step. The acyloin product was applied as a nonpolar precursor for surfactants. After attaching a polar head group to the acyloin and determination of tensiometric data, the molecule showed industrial relevant surface-active properties. Jointly successful: New catalyst systems for the tandem hydroformylation/acyloin reaction display excellent selectivities within two catalyzed reactions in one preparative step. A variety of olefins can be converted efficiently, and the acyloin product is applied successfully as a nonpolar precursor for surfactants.
- Ostrowski, Karoline A.,Fassbach, Thiemo A.,Vogelsang, Dennis,Vorholt, Andreas J.
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p. 2607 - 2613
(2015/09/15)
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- METHOD FOR HYDROFORMYLATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
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The invention relates to a method for hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds such as olefins and alkynes using mixtures of synthesis gas (CO/H2), in which either the unsaturated compounds and a catalyst are heated to a reaction temperature of 60 to 200° C. and the synthesis gas is then added, or the unsaturated compounds and the catalyst are brought into contact with pure CO at normal temperature in a preformation step, then are heated to reaction temperature and on reaching the reaction temperature the CO is replaced by the synthesis gas. The pressure is 1 to 200 bar and the CO:H2 ratio in the synthesis gas is in the range from 1:1 to 50:1. The iridium catalyst used comprises a phosphorus-containing ligand in the iridium:ligand ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:100. With high catalyst activities and low catalyst use, very high turnover frequencies are achieved.
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Paragraph 0086
(2014/02/16)
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- Synthesis of cationic rhodium(I) and iridium(I) carbonyl complexes of tetradentate P(CH2CH2PPh2)3 ligand: An implication of steric inhibition and catalytic hydroformylation reaction
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New cationic carbonyl complexes of the type [M(CO)L]Cl (1) [M = Rh (a) and Ir (b); L = P(CH2CH2PPh2)3] have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including the single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both the complexes crystallize in trigonal bipyramidal symmetry with the metal at the centre. Two strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds are observed in 1a. Despite the high trans effect of the CO group, the symmetrical tetradentate phosphine ligand bonded strongly to the metal centre through all sites and thereby expelling the Cl- ion outside the coordination sphere. The complexes are very stable and inert towards the oxidative addition (OA) of small molecules like CH3I, C2H5I and I2 at room as well as higher temperature. However, the complexes show catalytic activity towards the hydroformylation of alkene to the corresponding aldehydes under the reaction conditions: pressure 35 ± 2 bar, temperature 80 ± 2°C, 500 rpm and time 5-8 h. The yields of the aldehyde products are in the ranges 55-75%. The complexes exhibited dissociation of weaker MP bond under the above reaction conditions to form a vaccant coordination site for initiation of the catalytic cycle.
- Saikia, Kokil,Deb, Biswajit,Dutta, Dipak Kumar
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p. 188 - 193
(2013/12/04)
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- Rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation with formaldehyde and an external H 2-source
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The efficiency of the syngas-free rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins with formaldehyde can be significantly improved by the addition of hydrogen gas or formic acid.
- Uhlemann, Marcus,Doerfelt, Stephan,B?rner, Armin
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p. 2209 - 2211
(2013/05/09)
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- Selective hydroformylation of olefins over the rhodium supported large porous metal-organic framework MIL-101
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Highly porous and crystalline metal-organic framework MIL-101 has been synthesized and used for the preparation of rhodium supported catalyst. Acetylacetonato(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) has been used as catalyst precursor. The material has been characterized by XRD, XPS, SAXS, FTIR, SEM, TEM, AAS, and nitrogen adsorption. The catalytic properties of Rh@MIL-101 have been investigated in the hydroformylation of olefins with different structure and chain length to the corresponding aldehydes. High conversion and selectivity to n-aldehydes have been achieved in the hydroformylation of n-alk-1-enes. The obtained results show that the rhodium species are highly dispersed and preferentially located at internal and less accessible sites at the supertetrahedral units.
- Van Vu, Toan,Kosslick, Hendrik,Schulz, Axel,Harloff, Joerg,Paetzold, Eckhard,Schneider, Mathias,Radnik, Joerg,Steinfeldt, Norbert,Fulda, Gerhard,Kragl, Udo
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p. 410 - 417
(2013/10/22)
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- A general and efficient iridium-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins
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Breaking with conventional wisdom: Hydroformylation catalysts are generally based on rhodium; earlier, cobalt was used. Iridium, which is less expensive than rhodium, was considered too unreactive. However, iridium/phosphine complexes have now been shown to form active catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins under mild conditions (see scheme; R1, R2=H, alkyl, aryl; R3=H, alkyl). Competing hydrogenation side reactions can be suppressed. Copyright
- Piras, Irene,Jennerjahn, Reiko,Jackstell, Ralf,Spannenberg, Anke,Franke, Robert,Beller, Matthias
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experimental part
p. 280 - 284
(2011/02/28)
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- Synthesis of novel rhodium phosphite catalysts for efficient and selective isomerization-hydroformylation reactions
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New modular H8-BINOL-based phosphite ligands have been synthesized. High activity and regioselectivity has been achieved in the rhodium-catalyzed isomerization-hydroformylation of internal olefins. The active catalysts have been characterized by in situ NMR studies.
- Piras, Irene,Jennerjahn, Reiko,Jackstell, Ralf,Baumann, Wolfgang,Spannenberg, Anke,Franke, Robert,Wiese, Klaus-Diether,Beller, Matthias
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experimental part
p. 479 - 486
(2010/04/05)
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- Hydroformylation of alkenes using heterogeneous catalyst prepared by intercalation of HRh(CO)(TPPTS)3 complex in hydrotalcite
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Intercalation of HRh(CO)(TPPTS)3 complex into the interlayer space of hydrotalcite was carried out to prepare an eco-friendly heterogeneous hydroformylation catalyst. Intercalated catalyst was characterized by 31P NMR, P-XRD, FT-IR, SEM and surface area measurements. Catalytic activity of intercalated catalyst [HT(3.5)-INT] was evaluated for hydroformylation of linear alkenes of varied carbon number from C5 to C13 as well as cyclic alkenes. Selectivity of the aldehydes was observed to decrease with increase in the carbon chain length of linear alkenes. Effect of reaction parameters on catalytic activity of intercalated catalyst was studied by varying the catalyst amount, 1-hexene concentration, reaction temperature, partial pressure of carbon monoxide and hydrogen for hydroformylation of 1-hexene. The catalyst was re-cycled up to five times without significant loss in the alkene conversion and selectivity of aldehydes.
- Sharma, Sumeet K.,Parikh, Parimal A.,Jasra, Raksh V.
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experimental part
p. 153 - 162
(2010/05/01)
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- Lyzed isomerization and hydroformylation of olefins
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The palladium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene has been studied in the presence of different phosphines and acid cocatalysts. The best results are achieved in the presence of in situ-generated palladium complexes with bidentate phosphines. It is demonstrated that the acid concentration is a crucial factor for obtaining high linear selectivity. A novel optimized catalyst based on an arylheteroarylphosphine has been applied for hydroformylation of different aliphatic and aromatic olefins. Good activity and excellent selectivity towards the linear aldehydes is achieved.
- Jennerjahn, Reiko,Piras, Irene,Jackstell, Ralf,Franke, L Robert,Wiese, Klaus-Diether,Beller, Thias
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experimental part
p. 6383 - 6388
(2010/01/16)
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- Synthetic studies on N-alkoxyamines: A mild and broadly applicable route starting from nitroxide radicals and aldehydes
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A broad variety of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-based N-alkoxyamines were prepared in a newly found reaction. By means of a copper-catalyzed fragmentation reaction of aldehyde peroxides in the presence of TEMPO or TEMPO derivatives, N-alkoxyamines were o
- Schoening, Kai-Uwe,Fischer, Walter,Hauck, Stefan,Dichtl, Alexander,Kuepfert, Michael
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1567 - 1573
(2009/07/01)
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- A new approach to the synthesis of the nonpeptide NOP receptor antagonist J-113397
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A new synthesis that eliminates the need for chromatographic separation in order to obtain multigram quantities of J-113397, a competitive antagonist of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system, is reported. N-Benzyl protected 4-oxopiperidinecarboxylate was used as the starting material to obtain an N-benzyl intermediate that could be resolved at a relatively early stage in the synthesis. The crucial step in the synthesis was reduction of the double bond of the β-enaminoester functionality of 1-benzyl-4-(3-ethyl-2-oxo-2,3- dihydrobenzoimidazol-1-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, since Pd/C reduction gave inseparable mixtures. It could be reduced and epimerized to the desired trans diastereoisomer in a one-pot reaction by treatment with magnesium metal in methanol. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Sulima, Agnieszka,Folk, John,Jacobson, Arthur E.,Rice, Kenner C.
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p. 1547 - 1553
(2008/02/08)
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- N-Acetyl-N,N-dipyrid-2-yl (cyclooctadiene) rhodium (I) and iridium (I) complexes: Synthesis, X-ray structures, their use in hydroformylation and carbonyl hydrosilylation reactions and in the polymerization of diazocompounds
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The synthesis of novel N-acetyl-N,N-dipyrid-2-yl complexes of RhI and IrI, i.e. [RhCl(CH3CONPy2)(COD)] (1) and [IrCl(CH3CONPy2)(COD)] (2), respectively, is described. Upon prolonged treatment in CH2Cl2 at room temperature, complex 1 is transformed into a cationic Rh-complex, i.e. [Rh(CH3CONPy2)(COD)+RhCl2(COD)-] (1a). Compound 1a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P over(1, ?). Compound 1 was investigated for its catalytic activity in the hydroformylation of cyclooctene as well as of 1-octene. In addition, 1 was used in various carbonyl hydrosilylation reactions of both aldehydes and ketones. There, turn-over numbers up to 50 000 and yields in the range of 85-100% were observed. Finally, compound 1 was successfully used for the polymerization of N2CHCOOEt yielding highly stereoregular poly(ethoxycarbonylcarbene) with Mw = 67 000 g/mol and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 2.59.
- Bantu, Bhasker,Wurst, Klaus,Buchmeiser, Michael R.
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p. 5272 - 5278
(2008/02/13)
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- HYDROXY ALKYL SUBSTITUTED 1,3,8-TRIAZASPIRO[4.5]DECAN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF ORL-1 RECEPTOR MEDIATED DISORDERS
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The present invention is directed to novel hydroxy alkyl substituted 1, 3, 8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one derivatives of the general formula: wherein all variables are as defined herein, useful in the treatment of disorders and conditions mediated by the ORL-1 G-protein coupled receptor. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of disorders and conditions such as anxiety, depression, panic, dementia, mania, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, neuropathic pain, acute pain, chronic pain migraine, asthma, cough, psychosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, hypertension, obesity, eating disorders, cravings, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmia, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, urinary incontinence, adrenal disorders, attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, for improved cognition or memory and for mood stabilization.
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- New methods of hydroformylation of olefins and isomerisation of allyl alcohols using the CoBr2/Zn/CO/t-BuOH reagent system
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The reaction of CoBr2/Zn/CO/t-BuOH gives cobalt carbonyl species that is useful for the hydroformylation of olefins to obtain corresponding aldehydes. The cobalt carbonyl species formed is also useful in isomerisation of allyl alcohols to the corresponding ketones.
- Rajesh,Periasamy
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p. 989 - 993
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of J-113397, the first potent and selective ORL1 antagonist
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The first potent and selective small molecule ORL1 antagonist 1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dih ydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397) was synthesized. J-113397 is the only available potent and selective ORL1 antagonist, which is a very useful pharmacological tool for elucidating the physiological roles of the nociceptin-ORL1 system. J-113397 was synthesized from ethyl 4-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxylate and a coupling reaction of 2-fluorobenzene with 4-amino-ethoxycarbonylpiperidine is a key step.
- Kawamoto, Hiroshi,Nakashima, Hiroshi,Kato, Tetsuya,Arai, Sachie,Kamata, Kenji,Iwasawa, Yoshikazu
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p. 981 - 986
(2007/10/03)
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- Rhodium complex catalyzed hydroformylation reactions of linear and cyclic mono- and diolefins
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The hydroformylation reactions of cyclopentene, cyclohexene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, cycloheptene and cyclooctene, catalyzed with a Rh(acac)2/P(OPh)3 (I) system at 80 deg C and 10 atm (CO+H2), have been studied.Only cyclopentene and 4-vinylcyclohexene undergo hydroformylation at 1 atm and 40 deg C.The hydroformylation of some cyclic dienes; (1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadienes, 1,3- and 1,5-cyclooctadienes and 1,3-cyclopentadiene), at 10 atm and 80 deg C, was investigated in two catalytic systems: (I) and Rh(acac) (CO) (PPh3) / PPh3 (II).The main reaction products of cyclohexadienes and pentadiene (at 80 deg C, 10 atm) are unsaturated monoaldehydes.In hydroformylation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene the main product is formylcyclooctane.Key words: Rhodium; Olefins; Hydroformylation
- Trzeciak, Anna M.,Ziolkowski, Jozef J.
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p. 213 - 216
(2007/10/02)
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- Derivatives of erythromycylamine
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Three new groups of 9-N-substituted derivatives of erythromycylamine with superior oral activity against Gram-positive pathogens, new processes for preparing derivatives of erythromycylamine and aliphatic aldehydes by controlling the pH of the reaction and by catalytic hydrogenation, and pharmaceutical compositions and methods using the new compounds are provided.
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- HYDROFORMYLATION OF OLEFINS WITH PARAFORMALDEHYDE CATALYZED BY RHODIUM COMPLEXES
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The addition of formaldehyde to olefins is efficiently catalyzed by RhH2(O2COH)2 and gives the corresponding aldehydes in neutral solution.
- Okano, Tamon,Kobayashi, Teruyuki,Konishi, Hisatoshi,Kiji, Jitsuo
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p. 4967 - 4968
(2007/10/02)
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- Acetal derivatives of cyclooctyl carboxaldehydes
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Cyclooctyl carboxaldehydes and acetal derivatives thereof may be utilized as fragrant compositions, either alone or in admixture with other compounds.
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