- Intermolecular iodofunctionalization of allenamides with indoles, pyrroles, and furans: Synthesis of iodine-substituted: Z -enamides
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A new method was developed to synthesize iodine-substituted Z-enamides through N-iodosuccinimide-mediated intermolecular iodofunctionalization of allenamides with indoles, pyrroles, and furans. These reactions proceed rapidly and tolerate a broad scope of substrates. The conjugated sulfimide ion species probably acts as the key intermediate.
- Li, Honghe,Li, Xiaoxiao,Zhao, Zhigang,Ma, Ting,Sun, Chenyang,Yang, Bowen
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- NIS-Mediated intermolecular hydroamination of allenamides with imidazole heterocycles: A facile protocol for the synthesis of allylic: N, N -acetals
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Allylic N,N-acetals are important intermediates in the synthesis of biologically active heterocycles and natural products. Herein, we report a facile protocol for the synthesis of this compound through N-iodosuccinimide-mediated hydroamination of allenamides by imidazole heterocycles. The reaction is regioselective, fast, and tolerant of a broad scope of imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives. The key intermediate is a conjugated sulfimide ion species that undergoes nucleophilic attack by imidazole to form the 1,2-adduct. Mixtures of N1- and N3-substituted isomers were obtained using asymmetrically substituted imidazoles. However, the 1,4-adduct was obtained using a tri-substituted imidazole. The efficiency of the gram-scale reaction suggests the potential industrial application of this synthetic method.
- Li, Yan,Luo, Guo Li,Li, Xiao Xiao,Zhao, Zhi Gang
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- Pressure-induced Synthesis of an N-Sulphonyl-1H-azepine by Sulphonyl-nitrene Insertion into Benzene
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The thermal decomposition of toluene-p-sulphonyl azide (1) in an excess of benzene under a nitrogen atmosphere gave p-tosyl-1H-azepine (2), the yield of which increased with an increase in N2 pressure.
- Ayyangar, Nagaraj R.,Bambal, Ramesh B.,Lugade, Ananda G.
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- Lewis Acid Regulated Divergent Catalytic Reaction between Quinone Imine Ketals (QIKs) and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: Switchable Access to Multiple Products Including 2-Aryl-1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds, Indoles, and Benzofurans
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A catalytic Lewis acid regulated reaction between quinone imine ketals (QIKs) and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds provides a divergent and tunable approach to a variety of skeletons, including a series of 2-aryl-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, indoles, and benzofurans. The use of lithium chloride and ferrous bromide gives C3- or C2-alkylation products of the QIKs. The combination of ferrous bromide and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid delivers indole derivatives. Sequential hydrolysis and C3-alkylation occur in the presence of ytterbium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate and stoichiometric amounts of water. When the reaction is performed with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and stoichiometric amounts of water, benzofuran is obtained. This protocol utilizes mild conditions, exhibits regio- and chemoselectivity, and has broad functional group tolerance. (Figure presented.).
- Chen, Xingyu,Lu, Sixian,Deng, Ping,Chang, Xiaoqiang,Zhao, Yifan,Ma, Yue,Zhang, Dong,Xia, Fei,Yang, Lan,Wang, Jigang,Sun, Peng
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supporting information
p. 94 - 102
(2021/10/05)
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- Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergence for Catalytic Stereoselective Semireduction of Allenamides
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Ligand-controlled regiodivergence has been developed for catalytic semireduction of allenamides with excellent chemo- and stereocontrol. This system also provides an example of catalytic regiodivergent semireduction of allenes for the first time. The divergence of the semireduction is enabled by ligand switch with the same palladium pre-catalyst under operationally simple and mild conditions. Monodentate ligand XPhos exclusively promotes selective 1,2-semireduction to afford allylic amides, while bidentate ligand BINAP completely switched the regioselectivity to 2,3-semireduction, producing (E)-enamide derivatives.
- Hajiloo Shayegan, Mojtaba,Li, Zhong-Yuan,Cui, Xin
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supporting information
(2021/12/02)
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- Facile synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides/bromides from sulfonyl hydrazides
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A simple and rapid method for efficient synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides/bromides from sulfonyl hydrazide with NXS (X = Cl or Br) and late-stage conversion to several other functional groups was described. A variety of nucleophiles could be engaged in this transformation, thus permitting the synthesis of complex sulfonamides and sulfonates. In most cases, these reactions are highly selective, simple, and clean, affording products at excellent yields.
- Chen, Rongxiang,Xu, Shaohong,Shen, Fumin,Xu, Canran,Wang, Kaikai,Wang, Zhanyong,Liu, Lantao
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- Synthesis of magnetic chitosan supported metformin-Cu(II) complex as a recyclable catalyst for N-arylation of primary sulfonamides
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The application of chitosan, which has received much attention as a natural polymer and effective support, has many advantages such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, the immobilization of a copper complex on the magnetic chitosan bearing metformin ligand has been developed through immobilizing structurally defined metformin with long tail of (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (TMOS). The synthesized Fe3O4-chitosan@metformin-Cu(II) complex (Fe3O4-CS@Met-Cu(II)) was used as an effective, reusable and magnetic catalyst in the N-arylation of different derivatives of primary sulfonamides with arylboronic acids in ethanol. The primary sulfonamides were prepared from the reaction of sulfonyl chlorides with sodium cyanate in water under ultrasonic irradiation. Utilizing a wide variety of substrates in EtOH as a green solvent, high yields of the primary and secondary sulfonamides, easy work-up along with the excellent recovery and reusability of the catalyst, make this process a simple, economic and environmentally benign method. The synthesized Fe3O4-CS@Met-Cu(II) was characterized using various techniques such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), elemental mapping, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analyses. The catalyst can be recycled and reused 5 times with no considerable loss of catalytic activity.
- Ahmadpoor, Fatemeh,Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud,Nezafat, Zahra,Pakzad, Khatereh
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of N-Acyl and N-Sulfonyl Benzotriazoles with Diverse Nitro Compounds: Rapid Access to Amides and Sulfonamides
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Herein we report a Ni-catalyzed reductive transamidation of conveniently available N-acyl benzotriazoles with alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl nitro compounds, which afforded various amides with good yields and a broad substrate scope. The same catalytic reaction conditions were also applicable for N-sulfonyl benzotriazoles, which could undergo smooth reductive coupling with nitroarenes and nitroalkanes to afford the corresponding sulfonamides.
- Bai, Jin,Li, Shangzhang,Li, Wanfang,Qu, Erdong,Zheng, Yan
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- Quantum dot and method for preparing sulfonamide derivative by using quantum dot
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The invention provides a quantum dot and a method for preparing a sulfonamide derivative by using the quantum dot, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of benzenesulfonamide carbocyclic compounds. According to the method, sulfydryl aromatic hydrocarbon is taken as an initial raw material, nitro aromatic hydrocarbon is taken as a nitrogen source, CdSe/3CdS core/shell quantum dots are taken as a photocatalyst, reaction is carried out under visible light irradiation, a target product with high yield is obtained, and the quantum dot catalyst can be recycled. The synthesis process is green, convenient to operate, low in raw material price and easy to obtain, and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
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Paragraph 0031-0049
(2021/06/13)
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- A new generation of terminal copper nitrenes and their application in aromatic C-H amination reactions
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Copper nitrene complexes are highly reactive species and are known as intermediates in the copper catalyzed C-H amination. In this study, three novel copper tosyl nitrene complexes were synthesized at low temperatures, stabilized with heteroscorpionate ligands of the bis(pyrazolyl)methane family. The copper nitrenes were obtained by the reaction of a copper(i) acetonitrile complex with SPhINTs in dichloromethane. We show that the ligand design has a major influence on the catalytic activity and the thermal stability of the copper nitrene complex. Not only the choice of the third N donor, but also the substituent in the 5-position of the pyrazolyl moiety, have an impact on the stability. Furthermore, the novel copper nitrene complexes were used for catalytic aziridination of styrenes and C-H amination reactions of aromatic and aliphatic substrates under mild reaction conditions. Even challenging substrates like benzene and cyclohexane were aminated with good yields. The copper nitrene complexes were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, low temperature Evans NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory, domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster calculations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) and cryo-UHR mass spectrometry.
- Amarouch, Benedikt,G?bgen, Kai C.,Hoffmann, Alexander,Oster, Matthias,Sch?n, Florian,Steden, Dominik,Thomas, Fabian
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supporting information
p. 6444 - 6462
(2021/05/26)
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- A facile and versatile electro-reductive system for hydrodefunctionalization under ambient conditions
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A general electrochemical system for reductive hydrodefunctionalization is described, employing the inexpensive and easily available triethylamine (Et3N) as a sacrificial reductant. This protocol is characterized by facile operation, sustainable conditions, and exceptionally wide substrate scope covering the cleavage of C-halogen, N-S, N-C, O-S, O-C, C-C and C-N bonds. Notably, the selectivity and capability of reduction can be conveniently switched by simple incorporation or removal of an alcohol as a co-solvent.
- Huang, Binbin,Guo, Lin,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information
p. 2095 - 2103
(2021/03/26)
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- Development of a CuCl/phosphine system to catalyze phenylation and methylation of N-tosyl aldimines with phenylboronic andmethylboronic acids
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The addition of phenylboronic and methylboronic acids to activated aromatic aldimines was demonstrated in the presence of copper(I)-phosphine complexes. The desired products were obtained using copper chloride/phosphine, and potassium fluoride in under toluene reflux, in moderate-to-good yield and a suitable reaction time.
- Ashouri, Akram,Nasiri, Behzad,Pourian, Somayeh,Samadi, Saadi,Zamani, Hossein
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p. 575 - 581
(2021/01/13)
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- Immobilization of copper(II) into polyacrylonitrile fiber toward efficient and recyclable catalyst in Chan-Lam coupling reactions
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A series of polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF)-supported copper(II) catalysts were prepared through the immobilization of Cu(II) into prolinamide-modified PANF (PANPA-2F) and subsequently used for the synthesis of diverse N-arylimidazoles from arylboronic acids and imidazole. The prepared Cu(II)@PANPA-2Fs were well characterized by mechanical strength, FT-IR, XRD, XPS and SEM. Among them, CuCl2@PANPA-2F exhibited excellent catalytic performance, and its activity was significantly affected by the Cu loading. This catalytic system also displayed good activity in the synthesis of N-arylsulfonamides from arylboronic acids and tosyl azide. It was highly efficient in gram-scale reactions and could be reused five times. The advantages of low cost, easy preparation, good durability and facile recovery make the fiber catalyst attractive.
- Zhang, Chenlu,Zhu, Hai,Gang, Kaiyue,Tao, Minli,Ma, Ning,Zhang, Wenqin
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- A ligand-free copper-catalyzed strategy to the N-arylation of indazole using aryl bromides
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A simple and efficient strategy for the C–N cross-coupling of indazole with a variety of substituted aryl bromides is reported. Under the optimized conditions, a broad scope of N-arylated products were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 87%) under the ligand-free conditions.
- Bai, Di-Xiang,Lim, Rachel Sin-Ee,Ng, Hui-Fen,Teo, Yong-Chua
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supporting information
p. 1398 - 1405
(2021/03/08)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Functionalization of Benzyl Nitriles: Direct Michael Addition to Terminal Vinyl Ketones
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An efficient nickel(0)-catalyzed addition of benzyl nitriles to terminal vinyl ketones via C(sp3)-H functionalization has been developed. The reaction provides a novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of α-functionalized benzyl nitriles with a wide range of structural diversity under mild reaction conditions while obviating the use of a strong base. The work might be potentially useful toward the development of an enantioselective variant using chiral nitrogen ligands.
- Zhang, Ninghui,Zhang, Chunli,Hu, Xiaoping,Xie, Xin,Liu, Yuanhong
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supporting information
p. 6004 - 6009
(2021/07/31)
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- A Strategy for Amide C-N Bond Activation with Ruthenium Catalyst: Selective Aromatic Acylation
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A strategy for amide C-N bond activation with ruthenium catalyst is described for the first time. The in situ formed bis-cycloruthenated complexes were demonstrated to be the key active species with superior oxidative addition ability to an inert amide C-N bond. The direct C-H bond activation of 2-arylpyridines followed by the amide C-N bond activation took place in the presence of a ruthenium precatalyst to produce monoacylation products in moderate to good yields. Synthetically useful functional groups, such as halogen atoms (F and Cl), ester, acetyl, and vinyl, remained intact during tandem C-H/C-N bond activation reactions.
- Li, Wenkuan,Zhang, Sheng,Feng, Xiujuan,Yu, Xiaoqiang,Yamamoto, Yoshinori,Bao, Ming
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supporting information
p. 2521 - 2526
(2021/04/05)
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- N-Aroylsulfonamide-Photofragmentation (ASAP)-A Versatile Route to Biaryls
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The photochemical fragmentation of N-aroylsulfonamides 9 (ASAP) is a powerful method for the preparation of various biaryls. Compounds 9 are easily accessible in two steps from amines by treatment with arenesulfonyl chlorides and aroyl chlorides. Many of these compounds were prepared for the first time. The irradiation takes place in a previously developed continuous-flow reactor using inexpensive UVB or UVC fluorescent lamps. Isocyanates and sulphur dioxide are formed as the only by-products. The ASAP tolerates a variety of functional groups and is even suited for the preparation of phenylnaphthalenes and terphenyls. The ASAP mechanism was elucidated by interaction of photophysical and quantum chemical (DFT) methods and revealed a spirocyclic biradical as key intermediate.
- Wessig, Pablo,Krebs, Saskia
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supporting information
p. 6367 - 6374
(2021/09/29)
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- Recurrent Approximation of Retention Parameters of N-Substituted p-Toluenesulfonamides in Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Revealing the Formation of Their Hydrates
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Abstract: Recurrent approximation of retention times in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), tR(C + ΔC) = atR(C) + b, where C is the acetonitrile concentration in the eluent, and ΔC is the constant “step” of its variation, for six specially synthesized N-substituted p-toluenesulfonamides confirmed the presence of anomalies previously revealed for some complex polyfunctional organic compounds. The reason for these anomalies is the presence of sulfonamide –SO2–NH fragments in the molecules, which leads to hydration of sorbates in aqueous solutions, or, more precisely, to a change in the ratio of their non-hydrated and hydrated forms because of a shift in the equilibrium Х + Н2О $$ rightleftarrows $$ Х·Н2О (*) as a result of a change in the eluent composition. The same effect is indicated by the strong antibatic dependence of the retention indices RI(C) of all sulfonamides under study; the coefficients dRI/dC vary from –1.9 to –4.0, these values being much higher in magnitude than for compounds that do not form hydrates. Further independent evidence in favor of the transformation of sorbates due to variation of the eluent composition is the dependence of the relative absorbance Arel = A(254)/A(220) on the acetonitrile content in the eluent. This suggests changes in the chemical nature of chromophores in sulfonamide molecules depending on the equilibrium state (*).
- Kornilova, T. A.,Nikitina, D. A.,Zenkevich, I. G.
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p. 1931 - 1941
(2021/09/15)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Aminoarylation of Alkenes via Aminyl Radical Addition and Aryl Migration
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We describe a new strategy for aminoarylation of alkenes by copper-catalyzed smiles rearrangement using O-benzoylhydroxylamines as the amine reagent. This method affords various β-amino amide derivatives possessing a quaternary carbon center with wide functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. The mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation can involve aminyl radical intermediates under acid-free condition.
- Liu, Mei-Ling,Liu, Xue-Yuan,Sun, Wen-Hui,Wang, Jin-Lin,Zou, Jian-Yu
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supporting information
(2022/01/04)
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- Sequential C-S and S-N Coupling Approach to Sulfonamides
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A one-pot three-component reaction involving nitroarenes, (hetero)arylboronic acids, and potassium pyrosulfite leading to sulfonamides was described. A broad range of sulfonamides bearing different reactive functional groups were obtained in good to excellent yields through sequential C-S and S-N coupling that does not require metal catalysts.
- Chen, Kai,Chen, Wei,Han, Bing,Chen, Wanzhi,Liu, Miaochang,Wu, Huayue
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supporting information
p. 1841 - 1845
(2020/03/04)
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- Metal-free one-pot synthesis of N-arylsulfonamides from nitroarenes and sodium sulfinates in an aqueous medium
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A metal-free one-pot two-step synthesis of sulfonamides from readily available nitroarenes and sodium arylsulfinates in a mixture of methanol and water has been developed. In this procedure, the aryl amines were produced in situ by the reduction of nitroarenes mediated by diboronic acid, and then coupled with sodium arylsulfinates in the presence of iodine. A series of N-arylsulfonamides with various functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields under the optimal reaction conditions. In addition, this one-pot process is applicable for gram-scale synthesis.
- Jiang, Xiaolan,Zhang, Kaili,Zhao, Rongrong,Bai, Die,Wang, Jinlong,Li, Binbin,Liu, Qixing,Zhou, Haifeng
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supporting information
(2020/09/10)
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- Metal-free C-H Activation over Graphene Oxide toward Direct Syntheses of Structurally Different Amines and Amides in Water
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Unprecedented metal-free synthesis of a variety of amines and amides is reported via amination of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds. The strategy involves graphene-oxide/I2-catalyzed nitrene insertion using PhINTs as a nitrene (NT) source in water at room temperature. A wide range of structurally different substrates, viz., cyclohexane, cyclic ethers, arenes, alkyl aromatic systems, and aldehydes/ketones, having an α-phenyl ring have been employed successfully to afford the corresponding nitrene insertion product in good yield, albeit low in few cases. The envisaged method has superiority over others in terms of its operational simplicity, metal-free catalysis, use of water as a solvent, ambient reaction conditions, and reusability of the catalyst.
- Shukla, Prashant,Asati, Ambika,Bhardiya, Smita R.,Singh, Manorama,Rai, Vijai K.,Rai, Ankita
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p. 15552 - 15561
(2020/12/02)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Directed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Phenolic Esters with Alkyl Bromides
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Herein, we demonstrate the successful use of robust phenolic esters as an electrophilic acyl source in the reaction with diverse primary and secondary unactivated alkyl bromides. The cleavage of the relatively inert C-O bond is facilitated by the neighboring coordinating hydroxyl or sulfonamide moiety. By circumventing the use of pregenerated organometallics, this method allows efficient preparation of a variety of o-hydroxyl and tosyl-protected o-amino aryl ketones with high compatibility with a wide range of functionalities.
- Ding, Decai,Wang, chuan,Yang, feiyan
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supporting information
p. 9203 - 9209
(2020/12/22)
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- Nitrosoarenes as Nitrogen Source for Generation of Sulfonamides with the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide under Metal-Free Conditions?
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A metal-free reaction of nitrosoarenes, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and sulfur dioxide under mild conditions is developed, giving rise to sulfonamides in moderate to good yields. This transformation proceeds efficiently at room temperature in the presence of cyclohexa-1,4-diene with a broad reaction scope. Good functional group compatibility is observed, including cyano, halo, and ester. A plausible mechanism involving a radical process with the insertion of sulfur dioxide is proposed, and cyclohexa-1,4-diene serves as the reductant during the transformation.
- Wang, Xuefeng,Lin, Yanmei,Liu, Jin-Biao,He, Fu-Sheng,Kuang, Yunyan,Wu, Jie
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supporting information
p. 1098 - 1102
(2020/07/06)
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- Copper iodide nanoparticles-decorated porous polysulfonamide gel: As effective catalyst for decarboxylative synthesis of N-Arylsulfonamides
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A porous cross-linked poly (ethyleneamine)-polysulfonamide (PEA-PSA) as a novel organic support system is synthesized in the presence of silica template by nanocasting technique. The paper demonstrates immobilization of CuI nanoparticles inside the pores (PEA-PSA?CuI) for the facile recovery and recycling of these nanoparticles. The presence of porous PEA-PSA and PEA-PSA?CuI nanocomposites was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDX, TGA, XRD, TEM, BET, XPS, WDX, 1H NMR, and ICP-OES techniques. The PEA-PSA?CuI along with Ag(I)/K2S2O8 was implemented as a reusable cooperative catalyst-oxidant system in the N-arylation of p-toluenesulfonamide with substituted carboxylic acids in mild condition. So, the novel decarboxylative cross-coupling catalyzed by copper and silver has been developed. Aromatic, secondary and tertiary aliphatic acids underwent high efficient decarboxylative processes with p-toluenesulfonamide to afford the corresponding products. This method provides a practical approach for the flexible synthesis of sulfonamides from the readily affordable substrates. The catalyst is highly reusable and efficient, especially in terms of time and yield of the desired product.
- Alavinia, Sedigheh,Ghorbani-Vaghei, Ramin,Rakhtshah, Jamshid,Yousefi Seyf, Jaber,Ali Arabian, Iman
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- Sulfonamide compound and metal-free catalytic construction method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a sulfonamide compound as shown in a formula (I) which is described in the specification and a synthesis method thereof. A series of sulfonamide compounds are obtained throughreaction of nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, an inorganic sulfur reagent and boric acid as reaction raw materials in a solvent under the action of alkali and an additive. Metal catalysis and an additional reducing agent are not needed, an inorganic sulfur reagent is used as a sulfur source and a reducing agent, and a series of sulfonamide compounds are constructed in one step by a three-component one-pot method. The invention also discloses an application of the sulfonamide compound in synthesis of sulfonamide drugs. The raw materials of the synthesis method are wide in source, cheap and easy to obtain; the reaction operation is simple; the substrate universality is high; and the synthesis method is economic and practical. The sulfonamide compound has high practical value and a wide applicationprospect.
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Paragraph 0117-0120
(2020/07/21)
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- Straightforward Sulfonamidation via Metabisulfite-Mediated Cross Coupling of Nitroarenes and Boronic Acids under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions?
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A straightforward multicomponent sulfonamidation of nitroarenes, sodium metabisulfite and boronic acids was established under transition-metal-free conditions to access diverse sulfonamides from readily available and low-cost materials modularly. Inorganic salt sodium metabisulfite not only served as a sulfur dioxide source, but also played a key role for both activator and reductant during sulfonamidation. Notably, naturally occurring biomolecules and pharmaceuticals with multiple heteroatoms and sensitive functional groups were intensively investigated in this transformtion providing versatile sulfonamides collectively. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that nitrosoarene is the key intermediate, and the activation of boronic acid is the rate-determining step in the transformation.
- Li, Yaping,Wang, Ming,Jiang, Xuefeng
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supporting information
p. 1521 - 1525
(2020/09/09)
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- Copper-catalyzed synthesis of sulfonamides from nitroarenes: Via the insertion of sulfur dioxide
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Nitroarenes are used as the coupling partners in the preparation of sulfonamides via the insertion of sulfur dioxide. A three-component reaction of arylboronic acids, nitroarenes, and potassium metabisulfite under copper catalysis proceeds smoothly, giving rise to a range of sulfonamides in good to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. Various functional groups including hydroxyl, cyano, amino, and carbonyl are all tolerated. A plausible mechanism is proposed, showing that arylsulfinate is the intermediate and the copper-assisted interaction of the nitroarene and arylsulfinate is the key step. This approach is also extended to the late-stage modification of a currently marketed drug (flutamide).
- Wang, Xuefeng,Yang, Min,Kuang, Yunyan,Liu, Jin-Biao,Fan, Xiaona,Wu, Jie
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supporting information
p. 3437 - 3440
(2020/03/30)
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- Synthesis of sulfonamides promoted by alkyl iodide via a hypervalent iodine intermediate
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A new method for the preparation of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and amines is developed. A stoichiometric amount of m-chloroperbenzoic acid as oxidant and a catalytic amount of 1-iodopropane provides the corresponding sulfonamides in good yields under mild reaction conditions. In this protocol, 1-iodopropane is first oxidized by m-chloroperbenzoic acid into the corresponding hypervalent iodine intermediate iodosylpropane, which is highly unstable and decomposes at once to form hypoiodous acid. Then, the following reaction of the generated active hypoiodous acid with sodium sulfinates and amines results in the corresponding sulfonamides.
- Zhou, Zhongshi,He, Xuehan
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supporting information
p. 280 - 284
(2019/11/16)
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- KCC-1 aminopropyl-functionalized supported on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for the green and efficient synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives
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A new magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@KCC-1-npr-NH2) was synthesized directly through the reaction of Fe3O4@KCC-1 with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) using a hydrothermal protocol. Prepared nanocomposite was used as a magnetically reusable nanocatalyst for an efficient synthesis of a broad range of sulfonamide derivatives in water as a green solvent at room temperature and the products are collected by filtration with excellent yields (85–97%). The nanocatalyst could be remarkably recovered and reused after ten times without any significant decrease in activity. This mild and simple synthesis method offers some advantages including short reaction time, high yield and simple work-up procedure.
- Azizi, Sajjad,Shadjou, Nasrin,Hasanzadeh, Mohammad
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- Transition-Metal-Free and Visible-Light-Mediated Desulfonylation and Dehalogenation Reactions: Hantzsch Ester Anion as Electron and Hydrogen Atom Donor
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Novel approaches for N- and O-desulfonylation under room temperature (rt) and transition-metal-free conditions have been developed. The first methodology involves the transformation of a variety of N-sulfonyl heterocycles and phenyl benzenesulfonates to the corresponding desulfonylated products in good to excellent yields using only KOtBu in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at rt. Alternately, a visible light method has been used for deprotection of N-methyl-N-arylsulfonamides with Hantzsch ester (HE) anion serving as the visible-light-absorbing reagent and electron and hydrogen atom donor to promote the desulfonylation reaction. The HE anion can be easily prepared in situ by reaction of the corresponding HE with KOtBu in DMSO at rt. Both protocols were further explored in terms of synthetic scope as well as mechanistic aspects to rationalize key features of desulfonylation processes. Furthermore, the HE anion induces reductive dehalogenation reaction of aryl halides under visible light irradiation.
- Heredia, Micaela D.,Guerra, Walter D.,Barolo, Silvia M.,Fornasier, Santiago J.,Rossi, Roberto A.,Budén, Mariá E.
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supporting information
p. 13481 - 13494
(2020/12/15)
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- Synthesis of N-substituted sulfonamides containing perhalopyridine moiety as bio-active candidates
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A series of new halogenated aryl sulfonamides, as bio-active candidates, was synthesized from the reaction of the corresponding aryl sulfonamides with pentafluoro- and pentachloropyridines. Surprisingly, unlike aryl sulfonamides, the reaction of sulfamides with pentafluoro- and pentachloropyridines gave unexpected bis-perfluoro(chloro)pyridin-4-ylamines.
- Hosseini, Raziyeh,Mohammadiannejad, Kazem,Ranjbar-Karimi, Reza
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- Transamidation for the Synthesis of Primary Amides at Room Temperature
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Various primary amides have been synthesized using the transamidation of various tertiary amides under metal-free and mild reaction conditions. When (NH4)2CO3 reacts with a tertiary amide bearing an N-electron-withdrawing substituent, such as sulfonyl and diacyl, in DMSO at 25 °C, the desired primary amide product is formed in good yield with good funcctional group tolerance. In addition, N-tosylated lactam derivatives afforded their corresponding N-tosylamido alkyl amide products via a ring opening reaction.
- Chen, Jiajia,Lee, Sunwoo,Xia, Yuanzhi
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supporting information
(2020/05/05)
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- Method for preparing P-phenylenediamine from aniline
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The invention provides a method for preparing p-phenylenediamine from aniline. The method comprises the following steps: protecting amino on aniline by using p-toluenesulfonyl, mixing the aniline withan amino donor, an oxidant and a catalyst Ru-Cu/TS-1 to carry out ammoniation reaction, and performing separation after deprotection to obtain p-phenylenediamine. According to the invention, a protecting group strategy is adopted to protect amino on aniline by p-toluenesulfonyl, meanwhile, a C-H bond of a benzene ring para-position is induced and activated, and a catalyst Ru-Cu/TS-1 is adopted for catalyzing an ammoniation reaction, so that the ammoniation efficiency and selectivity can be greatly improved, and the yield and purity of p-phenylenediamine are improved. Moreover, the reaction conditions are mild, the selectivity is good, and the method is a green and environment-friendly synthesis route.
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Paragraph 0075-0126
(2020/07/21)
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- Visible light-mediated transition metal-free esterification of amides with boronic acids
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A novel strategy for visible light-mediated esterification of amides with boronic acids in air has been described. This method is characterized by mild reaction conditions and low cost owing to no need of any catalyst, which implies high potential utility in late-stage functionalization of amide drugs and materials.
- Ding, Hao,Qi, Wan-Ying,Zhen, Jing-Song,Ding, Qiuping,Luo, Yong
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supporting information
(2020/10/02)
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- Cu-Mediated Synthesis of Indolines and Dihydroisoquinolinones through Arylperfluoroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes
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The copper-mediated fluroalkylation/cyclization of N-allyl anilines has been described using fluoroalkyl iodides as fluoroalkylation reagents for the first time. The reaction provides an efficient and direct access to 3-fluoroalkyl indolines in moderate to good yields with unactivated double bonds as the radical acceptor. This protocol combines a simple experimental procedure with low-costing fluoroalkylated sources and excellent functional group tolerance.
- Li, Dandan,Wang, Yan,Jia, Zhenzhen,Ou, Zhaocheng,Dong, Yongrui,Lv, Cunjie,Fu, Guangbin,Liang, Deqiang
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p. 4797 - 4804
(2019/08/12)
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- Copper-catalyzed redox coupling of nitroarenes with sodium sulfinates
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A simple copper-catalyzed redox coupling of sodium sulfinates and nitroarenes is described. In this process, abundant and stable nitroarenes serve as both the nitrogen sources and oxidants, and sodium sulfinates act as both reactants and reductants. A variety of aromatic sulfonamides were obtained in moderate to good yields with broad substrate scope. No external additive is employed for this kind of transformation.
- Liu, Saiwen,Chen, Ru,Zhang, Jin
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- Corrigendum to “Transition-metal-free synthesis of aromatic amines via the reaction of benzynes with isocyanates” [Tetrahedron Lett. 59 (2018) 671–674](S0040403918300352)(10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.022)
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The authors regret that the structure of Scheme 3 is shown incorrectly. The structure of the compound 3e' is shown correctly here.[Figure presented] The penultimate paragraph of the “Results and Discussion” section should read as follows: During the investigation of several substrates, we observed the unexpected product 3e' which had a diphenyl backbone with a tosyl amine in 45% yield (Scheme 3). This structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The diphenyl scaffold is useful to develop new ligands, or synthesize materials, pharmaceuticals, and natural products.The Authors also note corrections needed to the data of compound 3j in the Supplementary Data files. This should be re-written as follows: 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ 150.4 (dd, 1C, JC–F = 242.8, 8.2 Hz), 148.3 (dd, 1C, JC–F = 240.6, 7.3 Hz), 144.4, 135.6, 133.0 (dd, 1C JC–F = 8.1, 3.3 Hz), 129.9, 127.3, 118.1 (q, 1C, JC-F = 3.3 Hz), 117.8 (dd, 1C, JC–F = 18.2, 1.3 Hz), 111.8 (d, 1C, JC–F = 20.3 Hz), 21.6.The updated Supplementary Data files have been published online with this Corrigendum. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
- Seo, Jeong Hoon,Ko, Haye Min
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supporting information
p. 1213 - 1213
(2019/03/23)
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- Nitrene Insertion into Aromatic and Benzylic C?H Bonds Catalyzed by Copper Complexes of Fluorinated Bis- and Tris(pyrazolyl)borates
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Fluorinated bis- and tris(pyrazolyl)boratocopper complexes catalyze the nitrene insertion to C?H bonds of aromatic hydrocarbons efficiently producing amination products in good to excellent yields at room temperature. Imidoiodanes, PhI=NTs (Ts=p-toluenesulfonyl) and PhI=NNs (Ns=p-nitrophenylsulfonyl) serve as the nitrene source. The bis(pyrazolyl)borate catalyst [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(NCMe) with PhI=NNs produced the arene C?H functionalized product of mesitylene in 87 % yield with only trace amounts of benzylic C?H insertion. The use of [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2-4-(NO2)Pz)2]Cu(NCMe) that has an even weakly donating pyrazolate generated the arene C?H insertion product exclusively. The tris(pyrazolyl)borate complex [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Cu(NCMe), in contrast, generated the benzylic amination product from mesitylene and PhI=NNs in 82 % yield with only very minor amounts of arene C?H functionalization. DFT calculations suggest that Cu-nitrene moiety generated from [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Cu(NCMe) and PhI=NNs activates the benzylic C?H bond of mesitylene via a hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) followed by a radical rebound (RR) pathway, whereas the functionalization of sp2 C?H bonds of mesitylene by [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(NNs) ensues possibly via a nitrene addition to the arene core.
- Ponduru, Tharun T.,Sun, Zhicheng,Cundari, Thomas R.,Rasika Dias
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p. 4966 - 4973
(2019/11/05)
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- Fe3O4@SiO2-copper sucrose xanthate as a green nanocatalyst for N-, O- and S-arylation
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Formation of C(sp2)–X bonds was carried out using a Fe3O4@SiO2-copper(I) sucrose xanthate nanoparticle catalyst with the aid of the copper(I) xanthate moiety in the catalyst which was prepared from the reaction between sucrose and carbon disulfide through an alkaline medium via the traditional Zeise approach. Various techniques were employed for the characterization of these novel nanoparticles. Three sorts of heteroatoms, N, O and S, successfully underwent heteroatom arylation to produce secondary or tertiary amines, ethers and thioethers, respectively.
- Radfar, Iman,Kazemi Miraki, Maryam,Esfandiary, Naghmeh,Ghandi, Leila,Heydari, Akbar
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- Nickel-catalyzed N-arylation of amines with arylboronic acids under open air
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In this study, a well-defined, novel NHC-Ni complex was developed and used to catalyze the N-arylation of alkyl- and arylamines with arylboronic acids in a rare version of Chan-Lam coupling. Although the same coupling using copper catalysts has been widely studied, the nickel-catalyzed version is rare and normally requires 10–20 mol% catalyst loading. This novel NHC-Ni complex in combination with 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, however, proved to be an effective catalyst that lowered the required catalyst loading to only 2.0 mol%.
- Ando, Shin,Hirota, Yurina,Matsunaga, Hirofumi,Ishizuka, Tadao
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supporting information
p. 1277 - 1280
(2019/04/10)
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- Method for coupling nitroaromatic compound and boric acid compound to synthesize sulfonamide compound
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The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis, and specifically discloses a method for coupling a nitroaromatic compound and a boric acid compound to synthesize a sulfonamide compound. The method for coupling the nitroaromatic compound and the boric acid compound to synthesize the sulfonamide compound comprises the steps that in an organic solvent, pyrosulfite is used as a source of SO2,and heating is carried out for a coupling reaction, and then after the post-treatment, the sulfonamide compound is obtained. The method for coupling the nitroaromatic compound and the boric acid compound to synthesize the sulfonamide compound is simple in operation, does not require nitrogen protection, and can be carried out under air. The nitroaromatic compound and the boric acid compound are abundant in source, relatively low in price, high in reaction yield, wide in applicability of a substrate and free in metal residual. The method for coupling the nitroaromatic compound and the boric acid compound to synthesize the sulfonamide compound can be used for synthesizing a series of sulfonamide compounds, and the synthesized compounds have wide application value in the fields of pesticidesand medicines.
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Paragraph 0137-0141
(2019/11/12)
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- Multicomponent synthesis of sulfonamides from triarylbismuthines, nitro compounds and sodium metabisulfite in deep eutectic solvents
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A sustainable synthesis of sulfonamides using a copper-catalysed process starting from triarylbismuthines, Na2S2O5 and nitro compounds in a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a reaction medium is described. Thus, triarylbismuthines are used as reagents for the incorporation of SO2 into organic motifs. The bismuth salts formed as by-products can be easily removed from the crude reaction mixture by precipitation with water, while the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as solvents can be avoided in the entire process. The eutectic mixture employed as the solvent is fully characterised, with the preliminary results proving its low toxicity. The designed DES also allows for a novel multicomponent reaction which saves time and reduces purification steps, energy and cost.
- Marset, Xavier,Torregrosa-Crespo, Javier,Martínez-Espinosa, Rosa M.,Guillena, Gabriela,Ramón, Diego J.
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supporting information
p. 4127 - 4132
(2019/08/07)
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- Concise and Additive-Free Click Reactions between Amines and CF3SO3CF3
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Trifluoromethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate has proved to be an excellent reservoir of difluorophosgene and a promising click ligation for amines in the preparation of urea derivatives, heterocycles, and carbamoyl fluorides under metal- and additive-free conditions. The reactions are rapid, efficient, selective, and versatile, and can be performed in benign solvents, giving products in excellent yields with minimal efforts for purification. The characteristics of the reactions meet the requirements of a click reaction. The use of trifluoromethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a click reagent is advantageous over other “CO” sources (e.g., TsOCF3, PhCO2CF3, CsOCF3, AgOCF3, and triphosgene) because this reagent is readily accessible; easy to scale up; and highly reactive, even under metal- and additive-free conditions. It is anticipated that CF3SO3CF3 will be increasingly as important as SO2F2 as a click agent in future drug design and development.
- Song, Hai-Xia,Han, Zhou-Zhou,Zhang, Cheng-Pan
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supporting information
p. 10907 - 10912
(2019/08/02)
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- Copper-catalyzed denitrogenative N-arylation of sulfoximines and sulfonamides with arylhydrazines
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A Cu-mediated ligand-free arylation of NH-sulfoximines and sulfonamides by arylhydrazine hydrochlorides was herein demonstrated. The oxidative transformation provided an easy access towards N-aryl sulfoximines and sulfonamides in high yields (up to 93% yields) with broad functional groups tolerance (up to 36 examples). The protocol was proposed to take place through the free radical pathway based on the results of control reactions and EPR analysis.
- Dong, Wanrong,Liu, Chaoyang,Ma, Xinchi,Zhang, Yingjun,Peng, Zhihong,Xie, Dexun,An, Delie
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p. 3886 - 3893
(2019/06/18)
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- Facile Chan-Lam coupling using ferrocene tethered N-heterocyclic carbene-copper complex anchored on graphene
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Ferrocene tethered N-heterocyclic carbene-copper complex anchored on graphene ([GrFemImi]NHC@Cu complex) has been synthesized by covalent grafting of ferrocenyl ionic liquid in the matrix of graphene followed by metallation with copper (I) iodide. The [GrFemImi]NHC@Cu complex has been characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman), CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis. This novel complex served as a robust heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of bioactive N-aryl sulfonamides from variety of aryl boronic acids and sulfonyl azides in ethanol by Chan-Lam coupling. Recyclability experiments were executed successfully for six consecutive runs.
- Gajare, Shivanand,Jagadale, Megha,Naikwade, Altafhusen,Bansode, Prakash,Rashinkar, Gajanan
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- Au(i)/Au(iii)-Catalyzed C-N coupling
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Cycling between Au(i) and Au(iii) is challenging, so gold-catalyzed cross-couplings are rare. The (MeDalphos)AuCl complex, which we showed was prone to undergo oxidative addition, is reported here to efficiently catalyze the C-N coupling of aryl iodides and amines. The transformation does not require an external oxidant or a directing group. It is robust and works with a wide scope of aryl iodides and N-nucleophiles under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies, including the NMR and MS characterization of a key aryl amido Au(iii) complex, strongly support a 2e redox cycle in which oxidative addition precedes transmetalation and reductive elimination is the rate-determining step.
- Rodriguez, Jessica,Adet, Nicolas,Saffon-Merceron, Nathalie,Bourissou, Didier
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supporting information
p. 94 - 97
(2019/12/25)
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- Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition with (Z)-3-iodo allylic nucleophiles and allenamides
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A highly chemo- and regioselective [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition of (Z)-3-iodo allylic nucleophiles and allenamides catalyzed by palladium is reported. The methodology proceeds under mild reaction conditions and is tolerant of alkyl and aryl functional groups. The SN2′ substitution at the proximal C═C bond performed against the Heck or SN2 pathway delivered a variety of 2-amino-dihydropyrans and 2-amino-tetrahydropiperidines in moderate to satisfactory yields. The [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition derivatives are convertible to interesting scaffolds 2,6,7,7a-tetrahydropyrano[2,3-b]pyrrole and 2,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives via ring-closing metathesis (RCM) with Grubbs catalyst II.
- Yan, Fachao,Liang, Hanbing,Ai, Bing,Liang, Wenjing,Jiao, Luyang,Yao, Shuzhi,Zhao, Pingping,Liu, Qing,Dong, Yunhui,Liu, Hui
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supporting information
p. 2651 - 2656
(2019/03/12)
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- A palladium-catalyzed regiocontrollable hydroarylation reaction of allenamides with B2pin2/H2O
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A novel palladium-catalyzed regiocontrollable hydroarylation reaction of allenamides with B2pin2/H2O has been disclosed. H2O as an ideal hydrogen source was activated by B2pin2 to furnish allylamines or enamines with a broad functional group tolerance. The regioselectivity for both of the two products was up to 99:1 for most of the examples, which was achieved by adjusting the addition order of the catalyst and iodobenzene derivatives. The tentative investigation of the mechanism proved the reaction to be a non-radical process and the deuterium-labeled experiments indicated that the hydrogen was from H2O.
- Cui, Jie,Meng, Long,Chi, Xiaochen,Liu, Qing,Zhao, Pingping,Zhang, Dao-Peng,Chen, Lei,Li, Xinjin,Dong, Yunhui,Liu, Hui
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supporting information
p. 4355 - 4358
(2019/04/26)
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- Unified Approach to the Chemoselective α-Functionalization of Amides with Heteroatom Nucleophiles
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Functionalization at the α-position of carbonyl compounds has classically relied on enolate chemistry. As a result, the generation of a new C-X bond, where X is more electronegative than carbon requires an oxidation event. Herein we show that, by rendering the α-position of amides electrophilic through a mild and chemoselective umpolung transformation, a broad range of widely available oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogen nucleophiles can be used to generate α-functionalized amides. More than 60 examples are presented to establish the generality of this process, and calculations of the mechanistic aspects underline a fragmentation pathway that accounts for the broadness of this methodology.
- Gon?alves, Carlos R.,Lemmerer, Miran,Teskey, Christopher J.,Adler, Pauline,Kaiser, Daniel,Maryasin, Boris,González, Leticia,Maulide, Nuno
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supporting information
p. 18437 - 18443
(2019/11/21)
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- Continuous-Flow Electrosynthesis of Benzofused S-Heterocycles by Dehydrogenative C?S Cross-Coupling
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Reported herein is the synthesis of benzofused six-membered S-heterocycles by intramolecular dehydrogenative C?S coupling using a modular flow electrolysis cell. The continuous-flow electrosynthesis not only ensures efficient product formation, but also obviates the need for transition-metal catalysts, oxidizing reagents, and supporting electrolytes. Reaction scale-up is conveniently achieved through extended electrolysis without changing the reaction conditions and equipment.
- Huang, Chong,Qian, Xiang-Yang,Xu, Hai-Chao
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supporting information
p. 6650 - 6653
(2019/04/26)
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- Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of an Ethynyl Benziodoxolone (EBX)-Acetonitrile Complex
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The synthesis of a crystalline ethynyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (EBX)-acetonitrile complex is described. EBX has been widely used as an active species for a variety of reactions; however, its high instability has so far prevented its isolation. The EBX-acetonitrile is self-assembled into a double-layered honeycomb structure through weak hypervalent iodine secondary interactions and hydrogen bonding. The N-ethynylation of a variety of sulfonamides using the EBX-acetonitrile complex as a substrate under mild conditions is also described.
- Yudasaka, Masaharu,Shimbo, Daisuke,Maruyama, Toshifumi,Tada, Norihiro,Itoh, Akichika
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supporting information
p. 1098 - 1102
(2019/05/16)
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- A Micellar Catalysis Strategy for Amidation of Alkynyl Bromides: Synthesis of Ynamides in Water
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Copper-catalyzed amidation of alkynyl bromides can be carried out in water for the first time, which is made possible by a micellar catalysis strategy using rosin-based surfactant APGS-550-M. The surfactant can be easily prepared from natural abundant biomass, resin acids. Studies as to substrate scope and reaction aqueous medium recycling showcase the ease and sustainability of this technology.
- Yang, Yunqin,Meng, Xiangtai,Zhu, Baolong,Jia, Ying,Cao, Xiaoji,Huang, Shenlin
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supporting information
p. 1166 - 1169
(2019/01/04)
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