- Dual behavior of alcohols in iodine-catalyzed esterification under solvent-free reaction conditions
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The dual behavior phenomenon of alcohols in iodine-catalyzed esterification under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRCs) is described; the governing factor is the stability of the carbonium ion generated from the alcohol; high concentration reaction conditions (HCRCs) or dilute solutions are much less suitable. In the case of benzylic alcohols, loss of optical activity was noted, whereas alkyl alcohols furnished a product with retention of stereochemistry.
- Jereb, Marjan,Vra?i?, Dejan,Zupan, Marko
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p. 2347 - 2352
(2009/09/06)
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- One-step conversion of formate esters to O-silyl ethers by means of samarium diiodide in the presence of chlorosilane reagents
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One-step conversion of various types of formate esters into the corresponding O-silyl ethers under neutral reaction conditions was established by employing samarium diiodide in the presence of chlorosilane reagents.
- Honda, Toshio,Ishikawa, Fumihiro
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p. 3323 - 3328
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient catalytic reduction of ketones with formic acid and ruthenium complexes
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The ruthenium complex (η5-C4Ph4COHOC4Ph4-η5)( μ-H)(CO)4Ru2 and its phenyl ring-substituted derivatives were found to act as efficient catalysts in reduction reactions of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, using formic acid as H source. Excess formic acid accelerates the reaction, and the corresponding formate esters were isolated as sole products. Turnover numbers of up to 8000 (alcohols) and 11000 (formate esters) were attained, with yields in the order of 90%. Alkenes are not reactive, however, double bonds conjugated to a carbonyl group are selectively reduced under the reaction conditions. The reaction is compatible with a variety of ketones, but with aliphatic aldehydes the reaction is not selective, inasmuch as aldol condensation products are formed.
- Menashe, Naim,Salant, Einat,Shvo, Youval
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