- Cobalt-Catalyzed, Directed Intermolecular C-H Bond Functionalization for Multiheteroatom Heterocycle Synthesis: The Case of Benzotriazine
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Transition-metal-catalyzed, directed intermolecular C-H bond functionalization is synthetically useful but heavily underexplored in multiheteroatom heterocycle synthesis. Herein we report a cobalt catalytic method for the formation of a three-nitrogen-bearing benzotriazine scaffold via the coupling of arylhydrazine and oxadiazolone. This synthetic protocol features a low-cost base metal catalyst, a maximum number of heteroatoms built into a heterocycle, a distinct synthetic logic for benzotriazines, a superior step economy, and a broad substrate scope.
- Wu, Weiping,Fan, Shuaixin,Li, Tielei,Fang, Lili,Chu, Benfa,Zhu, Jin
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supporting information
p. 5652 - 5657
(2021/08/01)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new Axl kinase inhibitors containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole acetamide moiety as novel linker
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Using the principle of bioisosteric replacement, we present a structure-based design approach to obtain new Axl kinase inhibitors with significant activity at the kinase and cellular levels. Through a stepwise structure-activity relationships exploration, a series of 6,7-disubstituted quinoline derivatives, which contain 1,3,4-oxadiazol acetamide moiety as novel Linker, were ultimately synthesized with Axl as the primary target. Most of them exhibited moderate to excellent activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.032 to 1.54 μM against the tested cell lines. Among them, the most promising compound 47e, as an Axl kinase inhibitor (IC50 = 10 nM), shows remarkable cytotoxicity against A549, HT-29, PC-3, MCF-7, H1975 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. More importantly, 47e also shows a significant inhibitory effect on EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines H1975/gefitinib. Meanwhile, this study provides a novel type of linker for Axl kinase inhibitors, namely 1,3,4-oxadiazol acetamide moiety, which is out of the scope of the “5- atoms role ".
- Xu, Congjun,Han, Yufei,Xu, Sicong,Wang, Ruxin,Yue, Ming,Tian, Yu,Li, Xiaofan,Zhao, Yanfang,Gong, Ping
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- Design, synthesis and biological activities of piperidine-spirooxadiazole derivatives as α7 nicotinic receptor antagonists
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α: 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in the nervous and immune systems have been suggested to play important roles in the control of inflammation. However, the lack of antagonist tools specifically inhibiting α7 nAChR impedes the validation of the channel as therapeutic target. To discover a selective α7 antagonist, we started a pharmacophore-based virtual screening and identified a piperidine-spirooxadiazole derivative T761–0184 that acts as a α7 antagonist. A series of novel piperidine-spirooxadiazole derivatives were subsequently synthesized and evaluated using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) assay in Xenopus oocytes. Lead compounds from two series inhibited α7 with their IC50 values ranging from 3.3 μM to 13.7 μM. Compound B10 exhibited α7 selectivity over other α4β2 and α3β4 nAChR subtypes. The analysis of structure-activity relationship (SAR) provides valuable insights for further development of selective α7 nAChR antagonists.
- Zhang, Han,He, Xiaomeng,Wang, Xintong,Yu, Bo,Zhao, Siqi,Jiao, Peili,Jin, Hongwei,Liu, Zhenming,Wang, KeWei,Zhang, Liangren,Zhang, Lihe
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- COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention features compounds useful in the treatment of neurological disorders. The compounds of the invention, alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically active agents, can be used for treating or preventing neurological disorders.
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Page/Page column 139
(2018/05/17)
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- Survey Reactivity of Some Substituted Quinazolinones with Pentafluoro(chloro)pyridine
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A new series of 4-hetroaryl substituted quinazolines were designed and synthesized by the reaction of pentafluoro(chloro)pyridine and 2-substituted quinazolinone. The aromatic nucleophilic substitution of pentafluoro(chloro)pyridine with quinazolinone occurs at the 4-position of pyridine ring by the oxygen site (O-centered nucleophile) of quinazolinone. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 19F NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis.
- Ranjbar-Karimi, Reza,Davodian, Tayebeh,Mehrabi, Hossein
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p. 475 - 480
(2017/12/28)
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- CYCLOPROPYL DERIVATIVES AS ROR-GAMMA MODULATORS
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The present invention provides compounds which are modulators of RORγ and their use for the treatment of diseases or conditions mediated by RORγ. Further, the present invention relates to processes of preparing such compounds, their tautomeric forms, novel intermediates involved in their synthesis, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, methods for using such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them (Formula I).
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Page/Page column 32
(2018/03/02)
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- Structure-activity and structure-property relationships of novel Nrf2 activators with a 1,2,4-oxadiazole core and their therapeutic effects on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury
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The antioxidant function induced by Nrf2 protects the liver from damage. We found a novel Nrf2 activator named compound 25 via structural modification of compound 1 we previously reported. In vitro, compound 25 induced Nrf2 transport into the nucleus and protected hepatocyte L02 cells from APAP-induced cytotoxicity via activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. In vivo, 25 exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) by up-regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidases and down-regulating liver injury markers in serum. Together, these results indicated that 25 is a potent Nrf2/ARE activator both in vitro and in vivo. The drug-like properties of compound 25 further revealed its potential for development as a therapeutic drug against acute liver injury.
- Xu, Li-Li,Wu, Yu-Feng,Wang, Lei,Li, Cui-Cui,Li, Li,Di, Bin,You, Qi-Dong,Jiang, Zheng-Yu
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p. 1376 - 1394
(2018/09/13)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed, Silver-Assisted Direct C-5–H Arylation of 3-Substituted 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles under Microwave Irradiation
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A direct C-5–H arylation of 3-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles with aryl iodides in the presence of a palladium catalyst and silver acetate is reported. This method provides a rapid, reliable way to obtain versatile 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives, which are common moieties of many biologically active molecules. The synthetic applications of this novel method have been demonstrated in the concise syntheses of Ataluren and a potent RET inhibitor Yhhu251. (Figure presented.).
- Li, Shan,Wan, Penghui,Ai, Jing,Sheng, Rong,Hu, Yongzhou,Hu, Youhong
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supporting information
p. 772 - 778
(2017/03/11)
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- Nitrobenzofurazan derivatives of N′-hydroxyamidines as potent inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1
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Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway is considered as a crucial mechanism in immune tolerance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in tryptophan catabolism in the immune system and it is also considered as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases that are linked with kynurenine pathway. In this study, a series of nitrobenzofurazan derivatives of N′-hydroxybenzimidamides (1) and N′-hydroxy-2-phenylacetimidamides (2) were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against human IDO1 enzyme were tested using in-vitro and cellular enzyme activity assay. The optimization leads to the identification of potent compounds, 1d, 2i and 2k (IC50 = 39-80 nM), which are either competitive or uncompetitive inhibitors of IDO1 enzyme. These compounds also showed IDO1 inhibition potencies in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 50-71 nM) in MDA-MB-231 cells with no/negligible amount of cytotoxicity. The stronger selectivity of the potent compounds for IDO1 enzyme over tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzyme (312-1593-fold) also makes them very attractive for further immunotherapeutic applications.
- Paul, Saurav,Roy, Ashalata,Deka, Suman Jyoti,Panda, Subhankar,Trivedi, Vishal,Manna, Debasis
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p. 364 - 375
(2016/06/13)
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- Oxadiazolone-Enabled Synthesis of Primary Azaaromatic Amines
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Despite their tremendous synthetic and pharmaceutical utility, primary azaaromatic amines remain elusive for access based on a generally applicable C-H functionalization strategy. An oxadiazolone-enabled approach is reported for convenient entry into N-unsubstituted 1-aminoisoquinolines through Co(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral, step-, atom-, and purification-economic C-H functionalization with alkynes. A 15N labeling experiment reveals the effectiveness of both oxadiazolone N atoms as directing sites. The installed primary amine can be harnessed as a synthetically useful handle for attachment of divergent appendages.
- Yu, Xiaolong,Chen, Kehao,Yang, Fan,Zha, Shanke,Zhu, Jin
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supporting information
p. 5412 - 5415
(2016/11/06)
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- An experimental and theoretical study of reaction mechanisms between nitriles and hydroxylamine
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The industrially relevant reaction between nitriles and hydroxylamine yielding amidoximes was studied in different molecular solvents and in ionic liquids. In industry, this procedure is carried out on the ton scale in alcohol solutions and the above transformation produces a significant amount of unexpected amide by-product, depending on the nature of the nitrile, which can cause further analytical and purification issues. Although there were earlier attempts to propose mechanisms for this transformation, the real reaction pathway is still under discussion. A new detailed reaction mechanistic explanation, based on theoretical and experimental proof, is given to augment the former mechanisms, which allowed us to find a more efficient, side-product free procedure. Interpreting the theoretical results obtained, it was shown that the application of specific imidazolium, phosphonium and quaternary ammonium based ionic liquids could decrease simultaneously the reaction time while eliminating the amide side-product, leading to the targeted product selectively. This robust and economic procedure now affords a fast, selective amide free synthesis of amidoximes.
- V?r?s, Attila,Mucsi, Zoltn,Ban, Zoltn,Timri, Gza,Hermecz, Istvn,Mizsey, Pter,Finta, Zoltn
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supporting information
p. 8036 - 8047
(2015/01/08)
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- One-pot synthesis of highly substituted polyheteroaromatic compounds by rhodium(III)-catalyzed multiple C-H activation and annulation
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A new method for the synthesis of highly substituted naphthyridine-based polyheteroaromatic compounds in high yields proceeds through rhodium(III)-catalyzed multiple C-H bond cleavage and C-C and C-N bond formation in a one-pot process. Such highly substituted polyheteroaromatic compounds have attracted much attention because of their unique π-conjugation, which make them suitable materials for organic semiconductors and luminescent materials. Furthermore, a possible mechanism, which involves multiple chelation-assisted ortho C-H activation, alkyne insertion, and reductive elimination, is proposed for this transformation.
- Jayakumar, Jayachandran,Parthasarathy, Kanniyappan,Chen, Yi-Hsiang,Cheng, Chien-Hong,Lee, Tai-Hua,Chuang, Shih-Ching
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supporting information
p. 9889 - 9892,4
(2014/11/08)
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- Acetic acid aldose reductase inhibitors bearing a five-membered heterocyclic core with potent topical activity in a visual impairment rat model
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A number of 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl-acetic acids and oxazol-4-yl-acetic acids were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase (ALR2). The oxadiazole derivatives, 7c, 7f, 7i, and 8h, 8i, proved to be the most active compounds, exhibiting inhibitory levels in the submicromolar range. In this series, the phenyl group turned out to be the preferred substitution pattern, as its lengthening to a benzyl moiety determined a general reduction of the inhibitory potency. The lead compound, 2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl]acetic acid, 7c, showed an excellent in vivo activity, proving to prevent cataract development in severely galactosemic rats when administered as an eye-drop solution in the precorneal region of the animals. Computational studies on the ALR2 inhibitors were performed to rationalize the structure-activity relationships observed and to provide the basis for further structure-guided design of novel ALR2 inhibitors.
- La Motta, Concettina,Sartini, Stefania,Salerno, Silvia,Simorini, Francesca,Taliani, Sabrina,Marini, Anna Maria,Da Settimo, Federico,Marinelli, Luciana,Limongelli, Vittorio,Novellino, Ettore
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3182 - 3193
(2009/04/06)
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- INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE
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This invention relates to compounds for the inhibition of histone deacetylase. More particularly, the invention provides for compounds of formula (I); wherein Y, L, Z, W, X, Q, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification.
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Page/Page column 242
(2010/11/24)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS NURR-1 ACTIVATORS
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The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) : wherein R1 is hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy ,amino, C1-4 alkyl-amino, di C1-4alkylamino , benzyloxy or C2-C7 alkanoyl, R2 is C
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- Antikinetoplastid activity of 3-aryl-5-thiocyanatomethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles
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A series of 5-thiocyanatomethyl- and 5-alkyl-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against kinetoplastid parasites. Formation of the oxadiazole ring was accomplished through the reaction of benzamidoximes with acyl chlorides, while the thiocyanate group was inserted by reacting the appropriate 5-halomethyl oxadiazole with ammonium thiocyanate. The thiocyanate-containing compounds possessed low micromolar activity against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei, while the 5-alkyl oxadiazoles were less active against these parasites. 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-(thiocyanatomethyl)-1, 2,4-oxadiazole (compound 4b) displayed modest selectivity for L. donovani axenic amastigote-like parasites over J774 macrophages, PC3 prostate cancer cells, and Vero cells (6.4-fold, 3.8-fold, and 9.1-fold, respectively), while 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(thiocyanatomethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (compound 4h) showed 30-fold selectivity against Vero cells but was not selective against PC3 cells. In a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis, compound 4b decreased liver parasitemia caused by L. donovani by 48% when given in five daily i.v. doses at 5mg/kg and by 61% when administered orally for 5days at 50mg/kg. These results indicate that aromatic thiocyanates hold promise for the treatment of leishmanial infections if the selectivity of these compounds can be improved.
- Cottrell, Denise M.,Capers, Jeffrey,Salem, Manar M.,DeLuca-Fradley, Kate,Croft, Simon L.,Werbovetz, Karl A.
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p. 2815 - 2824
(2007/10/03)
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- Parallel synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from carboxylic acids using an improved, uronium-based, activation
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We describe the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from carboxylic acids and amidoximes using 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) as an activating agent of the carboxylic acid function for the O-acylation step. This method was used for the synthesis of a library of 24 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
- Poulain, Rébecca F.,Tartar, André L.,Déprez, Benot P.
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p. 1495 - 1498
(2007/10/03)
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- A versatile synthesis of amidines from nitriles via amidoximes
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Benzamidines were prepared conveniently from benzonitriles in good yield via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediate benzamidoximes in acetic acid/acetic anhydride.
- Judkins, Brian D.,Allen, David G.,Cook, Tracey A.,Evans, Brian,Sardharwala, Tsarina E.
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p. 4351 - 4367
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxadiazolyl benzamides
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Substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazolyl benzamides, e.g., o-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide, are prepared by reacting a corresponding substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazoyl benzoic acid alkyl ester with an amine and are useful as minor tranquilizers and sleep inducers.
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