- Syntheses of 5-(2-radiohaloethyl)- and 5-(2-radiohalovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridines. Novel types of radiotracer for monitoring cancer gene therapy with PET
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Syntheses of 5-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- (1) 5-(2-[80Br] bromoethyl), (2), undeprotected (E)-5-(2-[18F]fluorovinyl)- (3) and (E)-5-(2-[80Br]bromovinyl),2′-deoxyuridines (4) as the tracers for monitoring cancer gene therapy with positron emission tomography were described. Decay corrected radiochemical yield and synthesis time including labeling and HPLC purification from end of bombardment for 1 was 9.5% and 2 hours, respectively; yield and time for 2 was 16% and 2 hours, respectively. Chemical (approximate to radiochemical) yield and time for synthesis of 3 was 7.5% and 7 minutes, respectively. Radiochemical yield and synthesis time including labeling and HPLC purification of an analytical sample of 4 was 60% and 30 minutes, respectively. Both 2 and 4 received the side reactions during HPLC purification, i.e. ring closure and cleavage of glycosidic bond, respectively. Application of 2 and 4 needed to be confirmed by in vitro or in vivo experiments. Radiochemical yield of 1 could be optimized by employing a modified protocol for preparation of its precursor. The preparation of fluorovinyl counterparts had demonstrated the potential utility of the stannane, 3-tolyl-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-(E)-5-(2-stannylvinyl)- 2′-deoxyuridine 7. Copyright
- Yu, Chung-Shan,Eisenbarth, Joseph,Runz, Armin,Weber, Klaus,Zeisler, Stephan,Oberdorfer, Franz
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- Pd-imidate complexes as recyclable catalysts for the synthesis of C5-alkenylated pyrimidine nucleosides via Heck cross-coupling reaction
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Pd-imidate complexes have been employed as efficient catalysts for the Heck alkenylation of unprotected 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine in acetonitrile. The protocol was also shown to work well for the unprotected 5-iodo-2′-deoxycytidine. A highly efficient scale-up synthesis of the HSV-1 inhibitor Brivudine (BVDU) is also accomplished in an overall yield of 72% over 3-steps. The catalyst also showed recyclability for 3 consecutive runs.
- Ardhapure, Ajaykumar V.,Sanghvi, Yogesh S.,Kapdi, Anant R.,García, Joaquín,Sanchez, Gregorio,Lozano, Pedro,Serrano, J. Luis
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- Novel synthesis process of bromovudine and bromovudine
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The invention discloses a novel synthesis process of bromovudine and bromovudine, which comprises the following steps: taking beta-thymidine as an initial raw material, carrying out a formylation reaction on beta-thymidine and DMF-DMA to generate an intermediate I, heating the intermediate I and acetic acid to form a ring to generate an intermediate II, and reacting the intermediate II with hydrobromic acid to obtain the bromovudine. The novel synthesis process of bromovudine comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out formylation reaction on beta-thymidine and DMF-DMA, then heating with acetic acid to form a ring, and finally, carrying out ring opening reaction with hydrobromic acid to obtain the bromovudine. The beta-thymidine is used as the starting material, the starting material is low in price and easy to obtain, expensive palladium does not need to be used as a catalyst, and the raw material cost of bromovudine can be effectively reduced. The synthetic route of the bromovudine is short, the conditions are mild, the operation is convenient, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
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- ProTides of BVdU as potential anticancer agents upon efficient intracellular delivery of their activated metabolites
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Nucleosides represent a major chemotherapeutic class for treating cancer, however their limitations in terms of cellular uptake, nucleoside kinase-mediated activation and catabolism are well-documented. The monophosphate pro-nucleotides known as ProTides represents a powerful strategy for bypassing the dependence on active transport and nucleoside kinase-mediated activation. Herein, we report the structural tuning of BVdU ProTides. Forty six phosphoramidates were prepared and biologically evaluated against three different cancer cell lines; murine leukemia (L1210), human CD4+T-lymphocyte (CEM) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa). Twenty-fold potency enhancement compared to BVdU was achieved against L1210 cells. Interestingly, a number of ProTides showed low micromolar activity against CEM and HeLa cells compared to the inactive parent BVdU. The ProTides showed poor, if any measurable toxicity to non-tumourigenic human lung fibroblast cell cultures. Separation of four pairs of the diastereoisomeric mixtures and comparison of their spectral properties, biological activities and enzymatic activation rate is reported.
- Kandil, Sahar,Balzarini, Jan,Rat, Stephanie,Brancale, Andrea,Westwell, Andrew D.,McGuigan, Christopher
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p. 5618 - 5623
(2016/11/29)
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- A comparison between immobilized pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Bacillus subtilis and thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli in the synthesis of 5-substituted pyrimidine 2′-deoxyribonucleosides
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Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Bacillus subtilis (BsPyNP, E.C. 2.4.2.3) and thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli (EcTP, E.C. 2.4.2.4) were used, as immobilized enzymes, in the synthesis of 5-halogenated pyrimidine 2′-deoxyribonucleosides (14-18) by transglycosylation in fully aqueous medium. From the comparative study of the two biocatalysts, no remarkable differences emerged about their substrate specificity, bioconversion yield, stability in organic cosolvents (DMF and MeCN). Moreover, both biocatalysts could be recycled for at least 5 times with no loss of the productivity. Both enzymes do not accept arabinonucleosides and 2′,3′- dideoxynucleosides as substrates, whereas they catalyze bioconversions involving 5′-deoxyribonucleosides and 5-halogenated uracils. The synthesis of compounds 14-18 proceeded at a similar conversion (33-68% for BsPyNP and 25-62% for EcTP, respectively). Immobilization was found to exert, for both the biocatalysts, a dramatic enhancement of stability upon incubation in MeCN. Optimization of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (14) synthesis (pH 7.5, 10 mM phosphate buffer, nucleoside/nucleobase 3:1 molar ratio) and subsequent scale-up afforded the target compound in 73% (EcTP) or 76% (BsPyNP) conversion (about 9 g/L).
- Serra, Immacolata,Bavaro, Teodora,Cecchini, Davide A.,Daly, Simona,Albertini, Alessandra M.,Terreni, Marco,Ubiali, Daniela
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- Hydrogermylation of 5-ethynyluracil nucleosides: Formation of 5-(2-germylvinyl)uracil and 5-(2-germylacetyl)uracil nucleosides
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A stereoselective radical-mediated hydrogermylation of the protected 5-ethynyluracil nucleosides with trialkyl-, triaryl,- or tris(trimethylsilyl) germanes gave (Z)-5-(2-germylvinyl)uridine, 2′-deoxyuridine, or ara-uridine as major products. Reaction of the β-triphenylgermyl vinyl radical intermediate with oxygen and fragmentation of the resulting peroxyradical provided also 5-[2-(triphenylgermyl)acetyl]pyrimidine nucleosides in low to moderate yields. Thermal isomerization of the latter in MeOH occurred via a four-centered activated complex, and subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting O-germyl substituted enol yielded 5-acetyluracil nucleosides in quantitative yield.
- Liang, Yong,Pitteloud, Jean-Philippe,Wnuk, Stanislaw F.
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p. 5761 - 5767
(2013/07/26)
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- NUCLEOSIDES FOR SUPPRESSING OR REDUCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE IN CYTOSTATIC THERAPY
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The invention relates to special nucleosides, for example, a nucleoside of the formula I, wherein R1-R5 are as described herein, and also to drugs which contain these nucleosides. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such nucleosides in a method for suppressing or reducing the formation of resistance in the case of cytostatic treatment of a cancer patient.
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Page/Page column 17
(2010/09/17)
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- Synthesis of nucleoside-based antiviral drugs in ionic liquids
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Nucleoside-based antiviral drugs have been synthesized using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as reaction medium. The ionic liquids were proved to be better solvents for all the nucleoside in terms of solubility and reaction medium as compared to conventional molecular solvents.
- Kumar, Vineet,Malhotra, Sanjay V.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5640 - 5642
(2009/06/18)
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- Synthesis and in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium infections cause the two most important mycobacterioses, leading to increased mortality in patients with AIDS. Various 5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridines, uridines, 2′-O-methyluridine, 2′-ribofluoro-2′-deoxyuridines, 3′-substituted-2′,3′-dideoxy uridines, 2′,3′- dideoxyuridines, and 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′- dideoxyuridines were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against M. bovis and M. avium. 5-(C-1 Substituted)-2′- deoxyuridine derivatives emerged as potent inhibitors of M. avium (MIC 90 = 1-5 μg/mL range). The nature of C-5 substituents in the 2′-deoxyuridine series appeared to be a determinant of anti-mycobacterial activity. This new class of inhibitors could serve as useful compounds for the design and study of new anti-tuberculosis agents.
- Johar, Monika,Manning, Tracey,Kunimoto, Dennis Y.,Kumar, Rakesh
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p. 6663 - 6671
(2007/10/03)
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- CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
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Phosphoramidate derivatives of nucleotides and their use in the treatment of cancer are described. The base moieties of, for example, each of deoxyuridine, cytarabine, gemcitabine and citidine may be substituted at the 5-position. The phosphoramidate moiety has attached to the P atom an aryl-O moiety and an α-amino acid moiety. The α-amino acid moiety may correspond to or be derived from either a naturally occurring or a non-naturally occurring amino acid.
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Page/Page column 24-25
(2010/02/10)
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- 5-(E)-Bromovinyl uracil analogues and related pyrimidine nucleosides as anti-viral agents and methods of use
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The present invention relates to pyrimidine nucleoside compounds and their use to treat viral infections of Varicella Zoster virus and Epstein Barr Virus, as well as cancers which are complications of Epstein Barr virus.
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- Nucleoside analogue phosphates for topical use
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Compositions for topical use in herpes virus infections comprising anti-herpes nucleoside analogue phosphate esters, such as acyclovir monophosphate, acyclovir diphosphate, and acyclovir triphosphate which show increased activity against native strains of herpes virus as well as against resistant strains, particularly thymidine kinase negative strains of virus. Also disclosed are methods for treatment of herpes infections with nucleoside phosphates. Anti-herpes nucleoside analogues phosphate esters include the phosphoramidates and phosphothiorates, as well as polyphosphates comprising C and S bridging atoms.
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- Steric fixation of bromovinyluracil: Synthesis of furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides
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A new synthetic proccdure for the preparation of 5,6-dihydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (3) and its deoxyriboside 8 is reported. Compound 3 undergoes nucleophilic reactions with various agents to yield 5-substituted uracil derivatives. The dehydro derivative of 3, furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (18) was synthesized by cyclization of BVU 15, which made us develop a reproducible and high yield method for the synthesis of BV(D)U. Starting from 18, the α-deoxyriboside 20 and the β-riboside 22 were prepared.
- Eger,Jalalian,Schmidt
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p. 211 - 218
(2007/10/02)
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- THE SYNTHESIS AND ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES OF (E)-5-(2-BROMOVINYL)-2'-DEOXYURIDINE-RELATED COMPOUNDS
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A method for the synthesis of the potent anti-herpes agent, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) (1) is described.A trace bye-product of the synthesis has been identified as 5-(1,2-dibromo-2-succinimidoethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (5).A similar bye-product, 5-(1,2-dibromo-2-succinimidoethyl)uridine (4) is formed during the synthesis of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uridine (3).The following derivatives of BVDU have been synthesised: 3'-O-methyl (8), 3-methyl (9), 4-O-ethyl (11), O2,5'-anhydro-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (13) and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyisocytidine (15).Whereas compounds 8, 9 and 15 showed little, if any, antiviral activity, 11 and, in particular, 13, were significantly active against herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus.
- Ashwell, Mark,Jones, A. Stanley,Kumar, Ajit,Sayers, Jon R.,Walker, Richard T.,et. al.
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p. 4601 - 4608
(2007/10/02)
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- 2'Deoxy-5-(2-halogenovinyl)-uridines, pharmaceutical compositions and method of use
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The novel substance E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and its corresponding iodovinyl derivative are gifted with specific antiviral activities towards herpes simplex virus. They may be synthesized by a condensation reaction followed by separation of anomers.
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- Nucleic Acid Related Compounds. 39. Efficient Conversion of 5-Iodo to 5-Alkynyl and Derived 5-Substituted Uracil Bases and Nuleosides
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Coupling of terminal alkynes with 5-iodo-1-methyl-uracil and 5-iodouracil nucleosides (protected as their p-toluyl esters) proceeded in high yields in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride and copper(I)iodide in warm triethylamine.Several of the subsequently deprotected 5-alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridines, including the parent 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, had antiviral activity, and their 5'-monophosphates inhibited thymidylate synthetase.Hydrogenation of the 5-alkynyl side chain can be controlled to give (Z)-5-alkenyl- or the saturated 5-alkyl-2'-deoxyuridines.This provides a stereocontrolled route to the known 5-ethyl-and 5-n-hexyl-2'-deoxyuridines as well as (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU).Hydration of the triple bond gave the corresponding uracil-5-alkanone products in favorable cases.
- Robins, Morris J.,Barr, Philip J.
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p. 1854 - 1862
(2007/10/02)
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- Herpes treatment
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L-lysine L-glutamate, when injected intradermally in the form of a sterile aqueous solution, or applied topically in the form of a cream, ointment, or lotion, is effective for treating and relieving the symptons of Herpes simplex I and II infections.
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- Synthesis of Some 5-Halogenovinyl Derivatives of Uracil and their Conversion into 2'-Deoxyribonucleosides
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Treatment of 5-formyluracil with malonic acid in the presence of piperidine gave (E)-5-(2-carboxyvinyl)uracil which, upon reaction with the appropriate N-halogenosuccinimide, gave (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil, (E)-5-(2-chlorovinyl)uracil, and (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)uracil.The last mentioned compound was also obtained by the action of iodine chloride on 5-vinyluracil. 5-(1-Chlorovinyl)uracil upon treatment with bromine gave 5-(2-bromo-1-chlorovinyl)uracil which reacted with sodium methoxide to give 5-bromoethynyluracyl. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil was converted into its trimethylsilyl derivative which was condensed with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-α-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl chloride to give the α- and β-anomers of the blocked deoxyribonucleoside.Removal of the p-toluoyl blocking groups with sodium methoxide afforded (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-(2-deoxy-α-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)uracil and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.A similar series of reactions gave (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-(2-bromo-1-chlorovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. 5-(1-Chlorovinyl)uracil could be condensed similarly with the blocked sugar derivative to give the α- and β-anomers of the blocked deoxyribonucleoside.Attempted removal of the groups with sodium methoxide gave 2'-deoxy-5-ethynyluridine and mild treatment with methanolic ammonia gave the same product and some 2'-deoxy-5-ethynyl-5'-O-(p-toluoyl)uridine. 5-(1-Chlorovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine was obtained by the addition of HCl to 2'-deoxy-5-ethynyluridine.Aspects of the elimination reactions of 5-(halogenovinyl)uracil derivatives are discussed.
- Barr, Philip J.,Jones, A. Stanley,Verhelst, Gabriel,Walker, Richard T.
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p. 1665 - 1670
(2007/10/02)
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