- Spin-Center Shift-Enabled Direct Enantioselective α-Benzylation of Aldehydes with Alcohols
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Nature routinely engages alcohols as leaving groups, as DNA biosynthesis relies on the removal of water from ribonucleoside diphosphates by a radical-mediated "spin-center shift" (SCS) mechanism. Alcohols, however, remain underused as alkylating agents in synthetic chemistry due to their low reactivity in two-electron pathways. We report herein an enantioselective α-benzylation of aldehydes using alcohols as alkylating agents based on the mechanistic principle of spin-center shift. This strategy harnesses the dual activation modes of photoredox and organocatalysis, engaging the alcohol by SCS and capturing the resulting benzylic radical with a catalytically generated enamine. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for SCS as a key elementary step, identify the origins of competing reactions, and enable improvements in chemoselectivity by rational photocatalyst design.
- Nacsa, Eric D.,MacMillan, David W. C.
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supporting information
p. 3322 - 3330
(2018/03/13)
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- AMINOPYRIDINE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates generally to therapeutics targeting the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, including its proteases arginine gingipain A/B (Rgp), and their use for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I and Formula III, as described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
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Paragraph 0287; 0466; 0477; 0513; 0523; 0555; 0582
(2018/12/02)
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- 2-aminopyridine-4-methyl formate synthesizing method
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The invention discloses a 2-aminopyridine-4-methyl formate synthesizing method which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a Fe-Mn-Mo-TiO catalyst; then mixing 2-amino-4-methyl pyridine with water; heating to 40 to 50 DEG C; adding a Fe-Mn-Mo-TiO catalyst; stirring; dropwise adding dilute nitric acid; stirring and reacting for 3 to 4h; cooling to room temperature; filtering; adjustinga pH of filtrate as 9 to 10; then adding methyl alcohol; heating, refluxing and reacting for 1 to 2h; performing reduced pressure distillation to remove the methyl alcohol; utilizing dichloromethane to perform repeated extraction; combining organic phases; performing reduced pressure distillation to remove the dichloromethane; obtaining the 2-aminopyridine-4-methyl formate. The synthesizing methoddisclosed by the invention has the advantages of simpleness in operation, moderate condition, smaller byproducts, high product purity and higher product yield.
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Paragraph 0021-0031; 0032-0038; 0042-0045; 0049-0051
(2018/04/21)
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- NOVEL COMPOUND, ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTER 3 DETECTION AGENT, AND ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTER 3 ACTIVITY INHIBITOR
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[Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel compound. The present invention also addresses the problem of providing an OCT3 detection agent or an OCT3 activity inhibitor, which comprises the novel compound. [Solution] A compound represented by formula (A), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof. ????????R1-R2-R3-R4?????(A)
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Paragraph 0515-0518
(2016/08/17)
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- Structure-based optimization of oxadiazole-based GSK-3 inhibitors
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Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) induces neuroprotective effects, e.g. decreases β-amyloid production and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The two isoforms of GSK-3 in mammalians are GSK-3α and β, which share 98% homology in their catalytic domains. We investigated GSK-3 inhibitors based on 2 different scaffolds in order to elucidate the demands of the ATP-binding pocket [1]. Particularly, the oxadiazole scaffold provided potent and selective GSK-3 inhibitors. For example, the most potent inhibitor of the present series, the acetamide 26d, is characterized by an IC50 of 2 nM for GSK-3α and 17 nM for GSK-3β. In addition, the benzodioxane 8g showed up to 27-fold selectivity for GSK-3α over GSK-3β, with an IC 50 of 35 nM for GSK-3α. Two GSK-3 inhibitors were further profiled for efficacy and toxicity in the wild-type (wt) zebrafish embryo assay to evaluate simultaneously permeability and safety.
- Lo Monte, Fabio,Kramer, Thomas,Gu, Jiamin,Brodrecht, Martin,Pilakowski, Johannes,Fuertes, Ana,Dominguez, Juan Manuel,Plotkin, Batya,Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit,Schmidt, Boris
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- Design of potent bisphosphonate inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase via targeted interactions with the active site 'capping' phenyls
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Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are potent active site inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS) and valuable human therapeutics for the treatment of bone-related malignancies. N-BPs are also useful in combination chemotherapy for patients with breast, prostate and multiple myeloma cancers. A structure-based approach was employed in order to design inhibitors that exhibit higher lipophilicity and better occupancy for the GPP sub-pocket of hFPPS than the current therapeutic drugs. These novel analogs were designed to bind deeper into the GPP sub-pocket by displacing the side chains of the 'capping' residue Phe 113 and engaging in favorable π-interactions with the side chain of Phe112.
- De Schutter, Joris W.,Shaw, Joseph,Lin, Yih-Shyan,Tsantrizos, Youla S.
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p. 5583 - 5591
(2012/10/29)
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- Second-generation supramolecular dendrimer with a defined structure due to orthogonal binding
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A second-generation supramolecular dendrimer has been prepared by orthogonal multiple hydrogen bonding. In the first (inner) recognition domain, the interaction of one bis-isocyanuric acid (25) with two branching units (21) that carry complementary Hamilt
- Eckelmann, Jens,Dethlefs, Christiane,Brammer, Stefan,Dogan, Ahmet,Uphoff, Andreas,Luening, Ulrich
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8498 - 8507
(2012/07/30)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-1-phenylethanone derivatives
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In present study, a series of new 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-1- phenylethanone derivatives (6a-6x) as potential focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors were synthesized. The bioassay assays demonstrated that compound 6i showed the most potent activity, which inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and A431 cell lines with IC50 values of 140 ± 10 nM and 10 ± 1 nM, respectively. Compound 6i also exhibited significant FAK inhibitory activity (IC50 = 20 ± 1 nM). Docking simulation was performed to position compound 6i into the active site of FAK to determine the probable binding model.
- Zhang, Li-Rong,Liu, Zhi-Jun,Zhang, Hui,Sun, Jian,Luo, Yin,Zhao, Ting-Ting,Gong, Hai-Bin,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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scheme or table
p. 3615 - 3621
(2012/07/27)
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- IMIDAZOPYRIDINE AND IMIDAZOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
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The present invention relates to imidazopyridine and imidazopyrimidine derivatives that act as cannabinoid receptor ligands, e.g., CB2 ligands. The invention also relates to methods of preparing the compounds, compositions containing the compounds, and to methods of treatment using the compounds.
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Page/Page column 10
(2008/06/13)
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- A general and efficient 2-amination of pyridines and quinolines
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Pyridine N-oxides were converted to 2-aminopyridines in a one-pot fashion using Ts2O-t-BuNH2 followed by in situ deprotection with TFA. The amination proceeded in high yields, excellent 2-/4-selectivity, and with good functional group compatibility. 2-Amino (iso)quinolines were also obtained in the same manner. Combined with the simple oxidation of pyridines to pyridine N-oxides, this method provides a general and efficient way for amination of 2-unsubstituted pyridines.
- Yin, Jingjun,Xiang, Bangping,Huffman, Mark A.,Raab, Conrad E.,Davies, Ian W.
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p. 4554 - 4557
(2008/02/04)
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- Synthesis of (aryloxyacetylamino)-isonicotinic/nicotinic acid analogues as potent hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitors
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We report a new series of HIF-1α inhibitors which were obtained through structural modifications of previously reported lead 1. The in vitro inhibitory potencies of newly synthesized compounds were evaluated against hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation using
- Boovanahalli, Shanthaveerappa K.,Jin, Xuejun,Jin, Yinglan,Kim, Jin Hwan,Dat, Nguyen Tien,Hong, Young-Soo,Lee, Jeong Hyung,Jung, Sang-Hun,Lee, Kyeong,Lee, Jung Joon
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p. 6305 - 6310
(2008/09/17)
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- SELECTIVE INHIBITORS AGAINST Cdk4 AND Cdk6 HAVING AMINOTHIAZOLE SKELETON
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The present invention relates to a compound represented by Formula [I]: wherein X is O, S, NH or CH 2 ; Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 , which may be identical or different, are each CH or N; however, at least one of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 is N; Z 1 and Z 2 , which may be identical or different, are each CH or N; n is an integer from 1 to 3; R 1 is a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C 6 -C 10 aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, or a bicyclic aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group; R 2 and R 3 , which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C 6 -C 10 aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic ring, or the like; and R 4 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl group or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and a selective inhibitor against Cdk4 and/or Cdk6 or an anticancer agent containing the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
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Page/Page column 76-77
(2010/11/25)
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- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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New compounds of the Formula (I) for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Page/Page column 126-127
(2008/06/13)
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- MexAB-OprM specific efflux pump inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Part 5: Carbon-substituted analogues at the C-2 position
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A series of 4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, derivatized at the 2-position with carbon-linked substituents, were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to potentiate the activity of the fluoroquinolone levofloxacin (LVFX) and the anti-pseudomonas β-lactam aztreonam (AZT) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling methods were applied for the incorporation of aliphatic and aromatic substituents.
- Yoshida, Ken-Ichi,Nakayama, Kiyoshi,Kuru, Noriko,Kobayashi, Shozo,Ohtsuka, Masami,Takemura, Makoto,Hoshino, Kazuki,Kanda, Hiroko,Zhang, Jason Z.,Lee, Ving J.,Watkins, William J.
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p. 1993 - 2004
(2007/10/03)
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- Discovery of an N-(2-aminopyridin-4-ylmethyl)nicotinamide derivative: A potent and orally bioavailable NCX inhibitor
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Ca2+ overload in myocardial cells is responsible for arrhythmia. Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) inhibitors are more effective than sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) inhibitors with regard to modulation of Ca 2+ overload, because NCX inhibitors can directly inhibit the influx of Ca2+ into cells. NCX is an attractive target for the treatment of heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion. We have designed and synthesized a series of N-(2-aminopyridin-4-ylmethyl)nicotinamide derivatives, based on compound 5. We have discovered a novel NCX inhibitor (23h) with an IC 50 value of 0.12 μM against reverse NCX. The inhibitory activities of our NCX inhibitors against cytochrome P450 were also evaluated. The effects on heart failure and the pharmacokinetic profile of compound 23h are discussed.
- Kuramochi, Takahiro,Kakefuda, Akio,Yamada, Hiroyoshi,Tsukamoto, Issei,Taguchi, Taku,Sakamoto, Shuichi
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p. 4022 - 4036
(2007/10/03)
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- Salt forms with tyrosine kinase activity
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The present invention relates to salt forms of 4-[2-(5-cyano-thiazol-2-ylamino)-pyridin-4-ylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid methylamide which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angio-genesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, macular edema, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.
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Page/Page column 15
(2010/02/05)
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- Active salt forms with tyrosine kinase activity
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The present invention relates to orally active salt forms of the mesylate salt of 4-[2-(5-cyano-thiazol-2-ylamino)-pyridin-4-ylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid methylamide which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, macular edema, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.
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Page/Page column 13
(2010/02/05)
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- Polymorphs with tyrosine kinase activity
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The present invention relates to active polymorphs of 4-[2-(5-cyano-thiazol-2-ylamino)-pyridin-4-ylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid methylamide which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angio-genesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, macular edema, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.
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Page/Page column 13
(2010/02/05)
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- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.
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- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.
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- Imidazo-pyridine derivatives as ligands for gaba receptors
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A class of 3-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, substituted at the meta position of the phenyl ring by an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group which is directly attached or bridged by an oxygen atom or a —NH— linkage, are selective ligands for GABAA receptors, in particular having high affinity for the α2 and/or α3 subunit thereof, and are accordingly of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the central nervous system, including anxiety and convulsions.
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- Substituent Effects on the Isomer Ratios in the Rearrangement of Some 2- and 4-Nitraminopyridines
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The preparation, and rearrangement in 92percent sulfuric acid, of 4-X-2-nitramino- (1), 2-X-4-nitramino- (2), and 6-X-2-nitramino-pyridines (3) is reported (X=H,Me,MeO,Br,Cl,CO2H).The product isomer ratios can be explained by differential electronic stabilization of the appropriate ? complexes for aromatic nitration and steric effects seem relatively unimportant.Deuteration had no effect on the product distribution
- Deady, Leslie W.,Korytsky, Olga L.,Rowe, Jeffrey E.
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p. 2025 - 2034
(2007/10/02)
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