- Structure-property relationship of 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-diones as new potentional anticonvulsant agents. An experimental and theoretical study
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The structure-property relationship of newly synthesized 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-1,3-diazaspiro [4.4]nonane-2,4-diones was studied by experimental and calculated methods. The prepared compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 3-benzyl-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione crystallizes in triclinic P?1 space group, with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Cyclopentane ring adopts an envelope conformation. A three-dimensional crystal packing is governed by hydrogen N?H?O bonds, numerous C?H?O/N and C–H … π interactions between neighboring molecules. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with B3LYP and M06-2X methods using 6–311++G(d,p) basis set were performed to provide structural and spectroscopic information. Comparisons between experimental and calculated UV-Vis spectral properties suggest that the monomeric form of the investigated spirohydantoins is dominant in all used solvents. The effects of substituents on the absorption spectra of spirohydantoins are interpreted by correlation of absorption frequencies with Hammett equation. The lipophilicities of the investigated molecules were estimated by calculation of their log P values. Some of the spirohydantoins synthesized in this work, exhibit the lipophilicities comparable to the standard medicine anticonvulsant drug Phenytoin. The results obtained in this investigation afford guidelines for the preparation of new derivatives of spirohydantoin as potential anticonvulsant agents and for better understanding the structure-activity relationship.
- Lazi?, Anita M.,Bo?i?, Bojan ?.,Vitnik, Vesna D.,Vitnik, ?eljko J.,Rogan, Jelena R.,Radovanovi?, Lidija D.,Valenti?, Nata?a V.,U??umli?, Gordana S.
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- Synthesis and characterization of novel cycloalkanespiro-5-hydantoin phosphonic acids
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A series of new cycloalkanespiro-5-hydantoin phosphonic acids have been synthesized and characterized. The mixture of [(2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazaspiro-alkane- 3-yl)-methyl]phosphonic acids and [(2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazaspiro-alkane-1,3-diyl) dimethyl]diphospho-nic acids was obtained from cycloalkanespiro-5-hydantoins, formaldehyde, and phosphorus trichloride in a molar ratio of 1:2:2, by a procedure modified by us. Their structures were proved by means of IR, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Naydenova, Emilia D.,Todorov, Petar T.,Troev, Kolio D.
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- An Old Story in the Parallel Synthesis World: An Approach to Hydantoin Libraries
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An approach to the parallel synthesis of hydantoin libraries by reaction of in situ generated 2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbamates and α-amino esters was developed. To demonstrate utility of the method, a library of 1158 hydantoins designed according to the lead-likeness criteria (MW 200-350, cLogP 1-3) was prepared. The success rate of the method was analyzed as a function of physicochemical parameters of the products, and it was found that the method can be considered as a tool for lead-oriented synthesis. A hydantoin-bearing submicromolar primary hit acting as an Aurora kinase A inhibitor was discovered with a combination of rational design, parallel synthesis using the procedures developed, in silico and in vitro screenings.
- Bogolubsky, Andrey V.,Moroz, Yurii S.,Savych, Olena,Pipko, Sergey,Konovets, Angelika,Platonov, Maxim O.,Vasylchenko, Oleksandr V.,Hurmach, Vasyl V.,Grygorenko, Oleksandr O.
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- Towards understanding intermolecular interactions in hydantoin derivatives: the case of cycloalkane-5-spirohydantoins tethered with a halogenated benzyl moiety
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A series of cycloalkane-5-spirohydantoins bearing a halogeno substituted benzyl group (X = Cl and Br) in position 3 has been synthesized and their structures (1-6) have been determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction method. These compounds have multiple functional groups, which allow greater competition and/or cooperation among the different intermolecular interactions in the formation of their crystal structures. The molecules are linked together by paired N-H?O hydrogen bonds in R22(8) rings, while the C-H?O interactions lead to their further association into double chains. The contribution of the cycloalkyl ring depends on its conformational flexibility and the multiple C-H donor implications. In the case of compounds 1-4 bearing the cyclopentyl or the cyclohexyl ring, halogen bonding (X?O) interactions give rise to a supramolecular pseudo-hexagonal network. In addition, the C-H?X interactions with a higher degree of multifurcation at the halogen acceptor have an important role in the formation of the crystal structure. Regarding compounds 5 and 6 with the cycloheptane ring, the X?O interaction is absent, and along with the C-H?X interactions, these compounds realize an alternative crystal structure with an emphasis on the X?π interactions. The lattice energies of all these crystal structures, as well as the intermolecular pair energies, have been calculated using PIXEL and further partitioned into coulombic, dispersive, polarization and repulsive factors. The crystal structures have also been subjected to Hirshfeld surface analysis which reveals that approximately 75% of the close contacts correspond to relatively weak interactions. The application of both concepts has provided a new insight into the relationship between the molecular interactions and crystal structures of the hydantoin derivatives.
- Lazi?, Anita,Tri?ovi?, Nemanja,Radovanovi?, Lidija,Rogan, Jelena,Poleti, Dejan,Vitnik,Vitnik, Vesna,U??umli?, Gordana
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p. 469 - 483
(2017/01/29)
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- A Sustainable, Semi-Continuous Flow Synthesis of Hydantoins
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Hydantoins are an important class of heterocycles with applications in pharmacy, agriculture, and as intermediates in organic synthesis. Traditional synthetic procedures to access hydantoins are target oriented with multiple synthetic steps and often use reagents that are not commercially available or sustainable. Herein, an efficient process is described for accessing hydantoins starting from commercially available amines using consecutive gas–liquid transformations (oxygen, carbon dioxide). This semi-continuous process produced ten benzylic/aliphatic hydantoins in good overall yields (52–84 %).
- Vukeli?, Stella,Koksch, Beate,Seeberger, Peter H.,Gilmore, Kerry
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supporting information
p. 13451 - 13454
(2016/09/13)
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- Direct chemical derivatization of natural plant extract: Straightforward synthesis of natural plant-like hydantoin
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The direct chemical derivatization of natural plant extracts that would enable the straightforward synthesis of natural plant-like molecules seemed to be far from reality due primarily to the inherently complex chemical property of the extract. After mode
- Tomohara, Keisuke,Ito, Tomohiro,Hasegawa, Naoto,Kato, Atsushi,Adachi, Isao
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supporting information
p. 924 - 927
(2016/02/05)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of functionalized spirohydantoins as 3-D privileged fragments for scouting the chemical space
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Fragment-based drug design has been successfully applied to a large set of proteins, however in order to expand this concept to the most demanding targets, such as protein-protein interactions, it is required to enrich current fragment libraries with new and original 3D privileged fragments. Our goal was to develop a rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of 27 new privileged spirohydantoin fragments. Among them 24 compounds showed a high water solubility. These molecules were plotted according to the normalized principal moments of inertia of their minimized conformers, and most of the compounds were prone to occupy under-populated regions of the triangular plot. Finally we demonstrated that the hydantoin ring can be selectively N-monoalkylated providing the access to rapid functionalization for further elaboration.
- Prevet, Hugues,Flipo, Marion,Roussel, Pascal,Deprez, Benoit,Willand, Nicolas
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supporting information
p. 2888 - 2894
(2016/06/14)
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- AMIDOALKYLPIPERAZINYL DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES
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The invention relates to novel amidoalkylpiperazinyl derivatives of tricyclic heterocyclic systems of general formula (I), wherein Z represents -NH- and X represents -S-, or Z represents -S- and X represents >C=C1 represents H or -CH3, R6 and R7 both represent H, n is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive, G represents a cyclic amide or imide moiety, and optical isomers, geometric isomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds may be useful for the treatment and/or prevention of the central nervous system disorders.
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Page/Page column 29; 30
(2013/03/26)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of cycloalkanespirohydantoins and piperidinespirohydantoins as precursors of restricted α-amino acids
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Cycloalkanespirohydantoins 3 and piperidinespirohydantoins 4 were synthesized from cycloalkanones 9 and piperidones 10 under microwave-assisted conditions. Results are compared with those obtained under thermal conditions. Cycloalkanespirohydantoins 3 were N-protected with Boc group and hydrolyzed under basic conditions to obtain five, six and seven-membered ring restricted α-amino acids 12 in very good overall yields (76-94%). ARKAT USA, Inc.
- Rivero, Ignacio A.,Reynoso-Soto, Edgar A.,Ochoa-Teran, Adrian
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experimental part
p. 260 - 271
(2011/05/13)
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- Supramolecular architectures in 5,5′-substituted hydantoins: Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses
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A series of three 5,5′-substituted hydantoin derivatives (1-3) were synthesized, and their crystal structures were solved using single-crystal synchrotron/powder-crystal X-ray diffraction data with a detailed analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots facilitating a comparison of intermolecular interactions in building different supramolecular architectures. A comparison of supramolecular assembly in the compounds with that in similar 5,5′-substituted hydantoins in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has been presented. The crystal packing in compounds 1-3 containing complementary hydrogen bonding groups, i.e. the amino NH donors and carbonyl O acceptors, exhibits three types of supramolecular synthons. In the dipropyl substituted hydantoin (1), intermolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds with only one carbonyl O atom acting as a double acceptor generate a one-dimensional C 11(4)C11(4)[R2 2(8)] network propagating along the [100] direction, while in 3, a 5-spiro fused hydantoin, the cyclic R22(8) motifs self-organize through pairs of N-H...O hydrogen bonds to form a C 22(9)[R22(8)][R2 2(8)] framework running along the [1-10] direction. The molecular assembly in 2, with a dibutyl substitution at the hydantoin C-5 position, produces R44(17) synthons, which are edge-fused to form two-dimensional molecular sheets in the (100) plane. The formation of a supramolecular architecture built with an R44(17) synthon is unprecedented among the substituted hydantoin structures in the CSD.
- Chattopadhyay, Basab,Mukherjee, Alok K.,Narendra,Hemantha,Sureshbabu, Vommina V.,Helliwell, Madeliene,Mukherjee, Monika
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experimental part
p. 4476 - 4484
(2011/12/22)
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- New polyamides based on 1,3-bis(4-carboxy phenoxy) propane and hydantoin derivatives: Synthesis and properties
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Six new polyamides 5a-f containing flexible trimethylene segments in the main chain were synthesized through the direct polycondensation reaction of 1,3-bis(4-carboxy phenoxy) propane 3 with six derivatives of hydantoins 4a-f in a medium consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, triphenyl phosphite, calcium chloride and pyridine. The polycondensation reaction produced a series of novel polyamides in high yield with inherent viscosities between 0.30-0.47 dL/g. The resulted polymers were fully characterized by means of FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, inherent viscosity, solubility tests and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG). The glass-transition temperatures of these polyamides were recorded between 130 and 155 °C by differential scanning catorimetry (DSC), and the 5% weight loss temperatures were ranging from 325 to 415 °C under nitrogen. 1,3-bis(4-Carboxy phenoxy) propane 3 was prepared from the reaction of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid 1 with 1,3-dibromo propane 2 in the presence of NaOH solution.
- Faghihi, Khalil,Valikhani, Nasim
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experimental part
p. 77 - 83
(2010/12/19)
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- CARBINOL DERIVATIVES HAVING CYCLIC LINKER
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[Object] To provide a novel LXRβ agonist that is useful as a preventative and/or therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis such as those resulting from diabetes; dyslipidemia; hypercholesterolemia; lipid-related diseases; inflammatory diseases that are caused by inflammatory cytokines; skin diseases such as allergic skin diseases; diabetes; or Alzheimer's disease. [Solving Means] A carbinol compound represented by the following general formula (I) or salt thereof, or their solvate.
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Page/Page column 26-27
(2010/03/31)
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- Novel N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine derivatives: Design, characterization and biological activity
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A series of Cα,α-disubstituted cyclic derivatives of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine have been synthesized and characterized. They exhibited moderate clastogenicity, low antiproliferative activity on mice bone marrow cells and well expressed cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. The 8- and 12-membered cyclic analogs proved superior to the remaining compounds and were found to trigger apoptotic cell death in DOHH-2 cells. The latter compound caused 50% inhibition of the viability of hemobastose-derived cell lines at concentrations ranging from 20 to 67 μM.
- Naydenova, Emilia D.,Todorov, Petar T.,Topashka-Ancheva, Margarita N.,Momekov, Georgi Ts.,Yordanova, Tsvetelina Z.,Konstantinov, Spiro M.,Troev, Kolio D.
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p. 1199 - 1205
(2008/09/20)
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- Aminoderivatives of cycloalkanespirohydantoins: Synthesis and biological activity
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3-Aminocycloalkanespiro-5-hydantoins were synthesized and their biological activity was studied. In contrast to hydantoins, these compounds failed to induce either anticonvulsive effects in the central nervous system or inhibitory effects on cholinergic contractions in the enteric nervous system. However, they exerted well pronounced, atropinsensitive, contractile effects on the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle preparations. Structure-activity relationships established allow the assumption that: (i) the reduction of the ring size in the molecule of the spirohydantoins leads to an increase in the potency of the respective analogue to induce contractile effect; (ii) the introduction of -NH2 in position 3 increases the ability of all the compounds studied to exert contractions; (iii) the enlargement of the ring leads to: (1) an increase of the degree of desensitization of the preparations; and (2) a decrease (except 1a) of the potency of the analogues to exert contractile effects.
- Naydenova, Emilia,Pencheva, Nevena,Popova, Julita,Stoyanov, Neyko,Lazarova, Maria,Aleksiev, Boris
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p. 189 - 194
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potential anticonvulsants based on 2-piperidinecarboxylic acid and related pharmacophores
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Using N-(2,6-dimethyl)phenyl-2-piperidinecarboxamide (1) and N-(α-methylbenzyl)-2-piperidinecarboxamide (2) as structural leads, a variety of analogues were synthesised and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in the MES test in mice. In the N-benzyl series, introduction of 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 3,4-Cl2, or 3-CF3 groups on the aromatic ring led to an increase in MES activity. Replacement of the α-methyl group by either i-Pr or benzyl groups enhanced MES activity with no increase in neurotoxicity. Substitution on the piperidine ring nitrogen led to a decrease in MES activity and neurotoxicity, while reduction of the amide carbonyl led to a complete loss of activity. Movement of the carboxamide group to either the 3- or 4-positions of the piperidine ring decreased MES activity and neurotoxicity. Incorporation of the piperidine ring into a tetrahydroisoquinoline or diazahydrinone nucleus led to increased neurotoxicity. In the N-(2,6-dimethyl)phenyl series, opening of the piperidine ring between the 1- and 6-positions gave the active norleucine derivative 75 (ED50 = 5.8 mg kg-1, TD50 = 36.4 mg kg-1, PI = 6.3). Replacement of the piperidine ring of 1 by cycloalkane (cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and cyclobutane) resulted in compounds with decreased MES activity and neurotoxicity, whereas replacement of the piperidine ring by a 4-pyridyl group led to a retention of MES activity with a comparable PI. Simplification of the 2-piperidinecarboxamide nucleus of 1 into a glycinecarboxamide nucleus led to about a six-fold decrease in MES activity. The 2,6-dimethylanilides were the most potent compounds in the MES test in each group of compounds evaluated, and compounds 50 and 75 should be useful leads in the development of agents for the treatment of tonic-clonic and partial seizures in man.
- Ho, Bin,Michael Crider,Stables, James P
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p. 265 - 286
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and serotonergic activity of substituted 2,N- benzylcarboxamido-5-(2-ethyl-1-dioxoimidazolidinyl)-N,N-dimethyltryptamine derivatives: Novel antagonists for the vascular 5-HT(1B)-like receptor
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The synthesis and vascular 5-HT(1B)-like receptor activity of a novel series of substituted 2,N-benzylcarboxamido-5-(2-ethyl-1- dioxoimidazolidinyl)-N,N-dimethyltryptamine derivatives are described. Modifications to the 5-ethylene-linked heterocycle and to substituents on the 2-benzylamide side chain have been explored. Several compounds were identified which exhibited affinity at the vascular 5-HT(1B)-like receptor of pK(B) > 7.0, up to 100-fold selectivity over α1-adrenoceptor affinity and 5-HT(2A) receptor affinity, and which exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. N-Benzyl-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-1- imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (23) was identified as a highly potent, silent (as judged by the inability of angiotensin II to unmask 5- HT(1B)-like receptor-mediated agonist activity in the rabbit femoral artery), and competitive vascular 5-HT(1B)-like receptor antagonist with a plasma elimination half-life of ~4 h in dog plasma and with good oral bioavailability. The selectivity of compounds from this series for the vascular 5-HT(1B)-like receptors over other receptor subtypes is discussed as well as a proposed mode of binding to the receptor pharmacophore. It has been proposed that the aromatic ring of the 2,N-benzylcarboxamide group can occupy an aromatic binding site rather than the indole ring. The resulting conformation allows an amine-binding site to be occupied by the ethylamine nitrogen and a hydrogen-bonding site to be occupied by one of the hydantoin carbonyls. The electronic nature of the 2,N-benzylcarboxamide aromatic group as well as the size of substituents on this aromatic group is crucial for producing potent and selective antagonists. The structural requirement on the 3-ethylamine side chain incorporating the protonatable nitrogen is achieved by the bulky 2,N-benzylcarboxamide group and its close proximity to the 3- side chain.
- Moloney, Gerard P.,Martin, Graeme R.,Mathews, Neil,Milne, Aynsley,Hobbs, Heather,Dodsworth, Susan,Sang, Pang Yih,Knight, Cameron,Williams, Marnie,Maxwell, Miles,Glen, Robert C.
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p. 2504 - 2526
(2007/10/03)
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- Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of 5-substituted and 5,5-disubsntuted hydantoins
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Sonication of a mixture of industrial grade sodium cyanide (aqueous solution) and ammonium carbonate in aqueous alcohol with aldehydes or ketones affords the 5-substituted or 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins in 30-92percent yield.
- Li, Jital,Li, Lijun,Li, Tongshuang,Waog, Jianzhong
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p. 298 - 300
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and tumorinhibiting activity of lanthanum(III) complexes with some 1-aminocycloalkancarboxylic acids
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Complexes of La(III) with 1-aminocyclopentane-, -hexane, -heptane and -4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acids were obtained. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. The following general formula was derived: LaL3Cl3·5 H2O, where L is the corresponding 1-aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acid. The pharmacological studies showed that all complexes manifested higher cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in comparison with lanthanum chloride. Much higher cytotoxic (anti-P388/D1) and cytostatic (anti-L-1210 and antimelanoma-B16) activity was found for the lanthanum complex with 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid.
- Kovachev,Ivanov,Buyukliev,Konstantinov,Karaivanova
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- Peptide Sweeteners. 6. Structural Studies on the C-Terminal Amino Acid of L-Aspartyl Dipeptide Sweeteners
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Stereochemical and structural aspects of the variations in the C-terminal residue of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester have been investigated.Novel configurational analogues such as L-aspartyl-D-alanine benzyl ester and L-aspartyl-D-α-aminobutyric acid benzyl ester were found to be sweet.In addition, chiral and achiral α,α-dialkylglycine and α-aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acids were incorporated into the dipeptides.The L-aspartic acid based dipeptide derivatives of α-aminoisobutyric acid methyl ester, α-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, α-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, and α-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester are sweet.Dipeptides with α-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester and α-aminocycloheptanecarboxylic acid methyl ester are bitter, whereas the analogues with α-aminocyclooctanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, α,α-diethylglycine methyl ester, and α-aminoisobutyric acid benzyl ester are tasteless.Aspects on chirality and effective volume of the C-terminal residue are discussed and correlated with taste.
- Tsang, Joseph W.,Schmied, Bernhard,Nyfeler, Rolf,Goodman, Murray
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p. 1663 - 1668
(2007/10/02)
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- 1,3-Diaminomethyl-hydantoin additives for lubricating oils
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Lubricating oil compositions, comprising as additive, from 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the total composition, of a 1- or 3-aminomethyl-hydantoin or a 1,3-diaminomethyl-hydantoin.
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