70058-19-4

The synthesis of alkyl esters from readily available alkyl halides and chloroformates was achieved for the first time using a mild Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling protocol. Unactivated primary and secondary alkyl iodides as well as glycosyl, benzyl, and aminomethyl halides were successfully employed to yield products in moderate to excellent yields with high functional group tolerance.

A branched chain alkyl heteroaromatic ring derivative represented by formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases such as sleep disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, drug dependence, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, eating disorder, cephalalgia, hemicrania, pain, digestive diseases, epilepsy, inflammation, immune-related diseases, endocrine-related diseases and hypertension, on the basis of the orexin (OX) receptor antagonist activity.

Mexiletine is a very well-known class IB antiarrhythmic drug, whose enantiomers differ in both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, the (R)-isomer being the eutomer on experimental arrhythmias and in binding studies on cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels. meta-Hydroxymexiletine (MHM) is a minor metabolite of mexiletine, which has demonstrated to be more potent than the parent compound. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of MHM enantiomers for their potential antiarrhythmic activity. The same stereoselectivity pattern observed for mexiletine was found for MHM: the (R)-enantiomer of MHM was the eutomer on ac-arrhythmia also showing a negative inotropism higher than the one displayed by mexiletine and, at the same time, a decreased vasorelaxant activity on guinea-pig left atrium and guinea-pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle.

The present invention provides oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-5-yl compounds useful in the treatment of cancer.

A series of phenoxyalkyl and phenylthioalkyl amides were prepared as melatoninergic ligands. Modulation of affinity of the newly synthesized compound by applying SARs around the terminal amide moiety, the alkyl chain, and the methoxy group on the aromatic ring provides compounds with nanomolar affinity for both melatonin receptor subtypes. Affinity towards MT1 and MT2 receptors were modulated also exploiting chirality. The investigation of intrinsic activity revealed that all the tested compounds behave as full or partial agonists.

The structure-activity relationships (SARs) of N-aryl-O-(2-phthalimidoethyl)thiocarbamates (C-TCs) and their imide ring-opened congeners (O-TCs) as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors were further investigated. The SAR strategy involved

Compounds of Formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or esters thereof, are useful in treating diseases or conditions mediated by CB1 receptors, such as metabolic syndrome and obesity, neuroinflammatory disorders, cognitive disorders and psychosis, addiction (e.g., smoking cessation), gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.

Compounds of formula (I): [Chemical formula should be inserted here. Please see paper copy] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; compositions comprising them, processes for preparing them and their use in medical therapy (for example modulating the glucocorticoid receptor in a warm blooded animal)

Compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; compositions comprising them, processes for preparing them and their use in medical therapy (for example modulating the glucocorticoid receptor in a warm blooded animal).

Peptidosulfonamides are an emerging group of peptidomimetics with a variety of applications in medicinal chemistry. We present a novel approach to the synthesis of peptidosulfonamides, and apply it to a series of new potential inhibitors of the bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurD and MurE. The synthesis was conducted via N-phthalimido β-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides, which are new building blocks for the synthesis of peptidosulfonamides. In the most crucial step, sulfonic acids or their sodium salts were converted into the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides using an excess of either SOCl2 or SOCl2/DMF, and then coupled to the C-protected amino acid. None of the compounds significantly inhibited MurD, however, some inhibited MurE; one had an IC50 below 200 μM, which constitutes a promising starting point for further development. Molecular modelling simulations were performed on two analogues to investigate the absence of inhibitory activity of the sulfonamide compounds on MurD.

Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; compositions comprising them, processes for preparing them and their use in medical therapy (for example modulating the glucocorticoid receptor in a warm blooded animal).

N-Phthalimido β-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides, new building blocks for the synthesis of peptidosulfonamide peptidomimetics, were prepared in a straightforward manner from amino acids. In the crucial synthetic step, sulfonic acids or their sodium salts were converted into the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides using an excess of refluxing thionyl chloride or thionyl chloride/DMF. This simple and effective chlorinating method is also applicable to β-aminoethane sulfonic acids and their sodium salts with other N-protecting groups.

Sumitomo's patented σ ligand 1-[3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl]-4-methylpiperidine (15), which has been claimed as agent for CNS disorders and neuropathies, and its lower homologue 12 were prepared along with related chiral (4-chlorophenoxy)alkylpiperidines. They were tested at σ1, σ2, and sterol Δ8-Δ7 isomerase (SI) sites by in vitro radioligand binding assays, to evaluate the influence of a chiral center in the alkyl chain on the selective σ1 binding relative to other σ family sites. Generally high σ1-site affinities were found, so that the chirality introduced by a methyl substitution resulted in slight differences. Nevertheless, the shorter oxyethylenic chain was beneficial to increase σ1 selectivity. However, the (-)-(S)-4-methyl-1-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)1-methylethyl]piperidine ((-)-(S)-17) reached the highest σ1 affinity (Ki = 0.34 nM) and the best selectivity relative to the σ2 site (547-fold). Compound (-)-(S)-17 displayed also a moderate selectivity (11-fold) relative to the SI site.

The title compounds 4 have been prepared from suitable β-amino-alcohol 2 and phthalic anhydride (5) in a three-step sequence in moderate to good yields (58-94%). The key step of this methodology is based on an intramolecular O-cationic cyclization involving N-acyliminium species. The high levels of the observed chemoselectivity during the intermolecular or intramolecular cyclization were also discussed.

Mexiletine [1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-propanamine], a chiral, orally effective antiarrhythmic agent, and several analogues substituted on either the stereogenic centre or the xylyloxy moiety, were prepared in both, highly enriched, optically active forms. According to the 'chiral pool' approach, the appropriate amino alcohols, protected as the corresponding phthalimide derivatives, were condensed with the desired phenols under either Mitsunobu (method A) or Williamson (method B) conditions. Generally, method A provided the most efficient route, both in terms of yields and number of steps necessary. Only when an isopropyl group was present on the stereogenic centre, i.e. when 2-amino-3-methylbutanol was used as the starting alcohol, method B proved to be the only available route, method A giving no product other than the starting phthalimide derivative. Regardless of the method used, enantiomeric excesses ranged from 91 to 99%. Given the availability of both variously substituted phenols and optically active amino alcohols, the two methods described herein, taken together, may serve as a versatile approach, useful to meet the needs of new chiral, optically active mexiletine analogues, possibly endowed with higher potency in exerting a use-dependent block on sodium channels and/or more resistant to biotransformations. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Four different optical isomers of a new compound, 1-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethylamino!-3-(4"-isocarbostyriloxy)-2-propa nol are now provided as new substances. These four optical isomers are now named as (2R, 1'S)-1-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethylamino!-3-(4"-isocarbostyriloxy)-2-propa nol, (2S, 1'S)-1-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethylamino!-3-(4"-isocarbostyriloxy)-2-propa nol, (2S, 1'R)-1-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethylamino!-3-(4"-isocarbostyriloxy)-2-propa nol, and (2R, 1'R)-1-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethylamino!-3-(4"-isocarbostyriloxy)-2-propa nol, respectively. These four optical isomers have different activities for their β-adrenergic-blocking effect and α-adrenergic-blocking effect and are useful as valuable agents for therapeutic treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, as compared to an optically inactive racemic mixture of said isomer compounds. These four optical isomers may be produced and isolated from each other by chromatographing (1'S)-or (1'R)-N-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethyl!-5-(4"-isocarbostyriloxymethyl)-2-oxaz olidones to isolate either its (5R, 1'S)-isomer and its (5S, 1'S)-isomer, or its (5S, 1'R)-isomer and its (5R, 1'R)-isomer therefrom separately and then hydrolyzing each of these isolated isomers under alkaline conditions to obtain separately (2R, 1'S)-, (2S, 1'S)-, (2S, 1'R)-and (2R, 1'R)-1-2'-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methylethylamino!-3-(4"-isocarbostyriloxy)-2-propa nols. "

Hept-6-yne-2,5-diamine (2) and 2-methylhept-6-yne-2,5-diamine (3), while structurally related to the potent ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor hex-5-yne-1,4-diamine (1), are stable to in vivo oxidation by monoamine oxidase (MAO).Although the methyl substitution is at a carbon relatively remote from the site of metabolic attack by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), it has a critical influence on the potencies of these compounds as inhibitors of the enzyme.Of the four stereoisomers, (2R,5R)-(2) is the most active.Unambiguous syntheses of each isomer of (2) from the dianion of 3-trimethylsilyl-N-butoxycarbonylprop-2-ynylamine (5) are presented.

Carbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)hydridorhodium (1) catalyzed the hydroformylation of N-vinylimides in the presence of optically active 2,3-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DIOP) or 2,3-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(5H-dibenzophospholyl)butane (DIPHOL) to afford optically active α-amido aldehydes.Linear disubstituted N-vinylimides or -amides reacted very sluggishly, while the cyclic N-acyl-2-pyrroline (19) was very reactive.In the unsubstituted N-vinylimides moderate (20-40percent ee) asymmetric induction was observed.The optically active α-amido aldehydes were readily converted to the corresponding α-amino acids.Asymmetric hydrocarboxylation of the same substrates in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride (2) produced α-amido esters in low optical purity.