- Structure-based design of haloperidol analogues as inhibitors of acetyltransferase Eis from: Mycobacterium tuberculosis to overcome kanamycin resistance
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Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a deadly bacterial disease. Drug-resistant strains of Mtb make eradication of TB a daunting task. Overexpression of the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein by Mtb confers resistance to the second-line antibiotic kanamycin (KAN). Eis is an acetyltransferase that acetylates KAN, inactivating its antimicrobial function. Development of Eis inhibitors as KAN adjuvant therapeutics is an attractive path to forestall and overcome KAN resistance. We discovered that an antipsychotic drug, haloperidol (HPD, 1), was a potent Eis inhibitor with IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.08 μM. We determined the crystal structure of the Eis-haloperidol (1) complex, which guided synthesis of 34 analogues. The structure-activity relationship study showed that in addition to haloperidol (1), eight analogues, some of which were smaller than 1, potently inhibited Eis (IC50 ≤ 1 μM). Crystal structures of Eis in complexes with three potent analogues and droperidol (DPD), an antiemetic and antipsychotic, were determined. Three compounds partially restored KAN sensitivity of a KAN-resistant Mtb strain K204 overexpressing Eis. The Eis inhibitors generally did not exhibit cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. All tested compounds were modestly metabolically stable in human liver microsomes, exhibiting 30-60% metabolism over the course of the assay. While direct repurposing of haloperidol as an anti-TB agent is unlikely due to its neurotoxicity, this study reveals potential approaches to modifying this chemical scaffold to minimize toxicity and improve metabolic stability, while preserving potent Eis inhibition. This journal is
- Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie,Garzan, Atefeh,Green, Keith D.,Holbrook, Selina Y. L.,Hou, Caixia,Krieger, Kyle,Pang, Allan H.,Parish, Tanya,Posey, James E.,Punetha, Ankita,Thamban Chandrika, Nishad,Tsodikov, Oleg V.,Willby, Melisa J.
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supporting information
p. 1894 - 1909
(2022/01/12)
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- A fexofenadine and method for synthesizing intermediate
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The invention relates to a simple and efficient synthetic method of fexofenadine (chemical name: 4-{1-hydroxyl-4-[4-(hydroxyl benzhydryl)-1-piperidyl]-butyl}-alpha, alpha-dimethyl-phenylacetic acid (I)) and its intermediate. According to the method, isopropyl benzene is used as a raw material. Through a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, a halogenation reaction and a carbonyl insertion reaction, a key intermediate 4-(4-chloro-1-butyryl)-alpha, alpha-dimethyl phenylacetic acid (IV) is obtained; the key intermediate reacts with another raw material dibenzyl-(4-pyridyl)-methanol (E) to obtain a key pyridinium intermediate 4-{4-chloro-[4-hydroxydiphenylmethyl]-1-pyridinium]-1-butyryl}-alpha, alpha-dimethyl phenylacetic acid (V); and through catalytic hydrogenation and metallic hydrogen reduction, high-purity fexofenadine is obtained. The synthetic method provided by the invention has advantages of smooth process, simple reaction, short route, convenient post-treatment, high yield and low cost, and is a very ideal preparation method of fexofenadine and industrialization feasible route.
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Paragraph 0047; 0048
(2018/04/26)
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- The synthesis of ω-(2-aryl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)alkyl purine derivatives and their activity towards HIV reverse transcriptase
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Novel derivatives of 6-substituted purines were synthesized by alkylation of 6-substituted purines with various 2-(chloroalkyl)-2-aryl-1,3-dioxolanes and related compounds. Their inhibitory properties toward HIV reverse transcriptase were studied. The structure-activity relationship within the synthesized compounds was found.
- Komissarov,Valuev-Elliston,Ivanova,Kochetkov,Kritzyn
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- Novel and efficient method for the synthesis of racemic fexofenadine
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Fexofenadine is a selective H1-histamine receptor antagonist, which is an attractive alternative treatment for allergy symptoms. An efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic approach for the preparation of fexofenadine was developed from commercially available cumene. The method involves the Friedel-Craft's reaction, substitution, reduction, bromination, and the Grignard reaction. Copyright
- Raghavendra,Harsha,Vinaya,Mantelingu,Rangappa
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experimental part
p. 2296 - 2303
(2011/07/30)
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- PROCESS FOR CARBONYLATING PHENYLALKYL DERIVATIVES BY MEANS OF CARBON MONOXIDE
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The invention is directed a process of preparing a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and z are as defined herein.
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- METHOD FOR CARBONYLATING PHENYLALKYL DERIVATIVES BY MEANS OF CARBON MONOXIDE
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The invention relates to a method for producing a phenylalkyl carboxylic acid of general formula (I), wherein identical or different R1 and R2 represent independently of each other -(C1-C4)-alkyl, Z is a hydrogen atom or -(CH2) n-CH3, wherein n=0 to 9, and R3 is-C(0)-(C1-C4)-alkyl which is substituted or not-substituted by CI or Br, only, or -C(0)-(C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, consisting in reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein X is Cl or Br or OH and R4 is defined as R2 rest represents jointly with X a C-C double bond with a carbon monoxide in the presence of a concentrated sulphuric acid, hydrogen fluoride or peracids and subsequently in adding water or alcohol of the formula CH3-(CH2)n-OH, wherein n=0 to 9.
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Page/Page column 25-26
(2010/02/15)
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- Intermediates useful for the preparation of antihistaminic piperidine derivatives
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The present invention is related to a novel intermediates and processes which are useful in the preparation of certain antihistaminic piperidine derivatives of the formula whereinW represents —C(=O)— or —CH(OH)—;R1 represents hydrogen or hydroxy;R2 represents hydrogen;R1 and R2 taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1 and R2;n is an integer of from 1 to 5;m is an integer 0 or 1;R3 is —COOH or —COOalkyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and is straight or branched each of A is hydrogen or hydroxy; andpharmaceutically acceptable salts and individual optical isomers thereof, with the proviso that where R1 and R2 are taken together to form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1 and R2 or where R1 represented hydroxy, m is an integer 0.
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Page column 24
(2008/06/13)
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- Intermediates useful for the preparation of antihistaminic piperidine derivatives
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The present invention is related to a novel intermediates and processes which are useful in the preparation of certain antihistaminic piperidine derivatives of the formula whereinW represents —C(=O)— or —CH(OH)—;R1 represents hydrogen or hydroxy;R2 represents hydrogen;R1 and R2 taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1 and R2;n is an integer of from 1 to 5;m is an integer 0 or 1;R3 is —COOH or —COOalkyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and is straight or branched each of A is hydrogen or hydroxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and individual optical isomers thereof,with the proviso that where R1 and R2 are taken together to form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1 and R2 or where R1 represented hydroxy, m is an integer 0.
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Page column 24
(2010/01/30)
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- Intermediates useful for the preparation of antihistaminic piperidine derivatives
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The present invention is related to a novel intermediates and processes which are useful in the preparation of certain antihistaminic piperidine derivatives of the formula wherein W represents —C(═O)— or —CH(OH)—; R1represents hydrogen or hydroxy; R2represents hydrogen; R1and R2taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1and R2; n is an integer of from 1 to 5; m is an integer 0 or 1; R3is —COOH or —COOalkyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and is straight or branched; each of A is hydrogen or hydroxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and individual optical isomers thereof, with the proviso that where R1and R2are taken together to form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1and R2or where R1represented hydroxy, m is an integer 0.
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- Intermediates useful for the preparation of antihistaminic piperidine derivatives
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The present invention is related to a novel intermediates and processes which are useful in the preparation of certain antihistaminic piperidine derivatives of the formula wherein W represents -C(=O)- or -CH(OH)-; R1 represents hydrogen or hydroxy; R2 represents hydrogen; R1 and R2 taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1 and R2; n is an integer of from 1 to 5; m is an integer 0 or 1; R3 is -COOH or -COOalkyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and is straight or branched each of A is hydrogen or hydroxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and individual optical isomers thereof, with the proviso that where R1 and R2 are ta to form a second bond between the carbon R1 and R2 or where R1 represented hydroxy integer 0.
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