- Benzoxaborole Antimalarial Agents. Part 5. Lead Optimization of Novel Amide Pyrazinyloxy Benzoxaboroles and Identification of a Preclinical Candidate
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Carboxamide pyrazinyloxy benzoxaboroles were investigated with the goal to identify a molecule with satisfactory antimalarial activity, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, in vivo efficacy, and safety profile. This optimization effort discovered 46, which met our target candidate profile. Compound 46 had excellent activity against cultured Plasmodium falciparum, and in vivo against P. falciparum and P. berghei in infected mice. It exhibited good PK properties in mice, rats, and dogs. It was highly active against the other 11 P. falciparum strains, which are mostly resistant to chloroquine and pyrimethamine. The rapid parasite in vitro reduction and in vivo parasite clearance profile of 46 were similar to those of artemisinin and chloroquine, two rapid-acting antimalarials. It was nongenotoxic in an Ames assay, an in vitro micronucleus assay, and an in vivo rat micronucleus assay when dosed orally up to 2000 mg/kg. The combined properties of this novel benzoxaborole support its progression to preclinical development.
- Zhang, Yong-Kang,Plattner, Jacob J.,Easom, Eric E.,Jacobs, Robert T.,Guo, Denghui,Freund, Yvonne R.,Berry, Pamela,Ciaravino, Vic,Erve, John C. L.,Rosenthal, Philip J.,Campo, Brice,Gamo, Francisco-Javier,Sanz, Laura M.,Cao, Jianxin
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p. 5889 - 5908
(2017/07/22)
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- Synthesis and antibacterial activities of Yanglingmycin analogues
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The synthesis of Yanglingmycin and its enantiomer, along with eighteen Yanglingmycin analogues is reported. The structures were confirmed mainly by analyses of NMR spectral data. Antibacterial activity assays showed that Yanglingmycin and some of its analogues exhibited significant antibacterial activities against two important agricultural pathogenic bacteria, Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.91 to 15.62 μg/mL. The antibacterial activities exhibited by Yanglingmycin and its analogues are promising, suggesting potential in the development of compounds for novel bactericides.
- Li, Long-Bo,Dan, Wen-Jia,Tan, Fang-Fang,Cui, Li-Hui,Yuan, Zhi-Peng,Wu, Wen-Jun,Zhang, Ji-Wen
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- Cycloforskamide, a cytotoxic macrocyclic peptide from the sea slug Pleurobranchus forskalii
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A macrocylic dodecapeptide, cycloforskamide, was isolated from the sea slug Pleurobranchus forskalii, collected off Ishigaki Island, Japan. Its planar structure was deduced by extensive NMR analyses and was further confirmed by MS/MS fragmentation analyses. Finally, the absolute configuration was determined by total hydrolysis and chiral-phase gas chromatographic analysis. This novel dodecapeptide contains three d-amino acids and three thiazoline heterocycles and exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia P388 cells, with an IC 50 of 5.8 μM.
- Tan, Karen Co,Wakimoto, Toshiyuki,Takada, Kentaro,Ohtsuki, Takashi,Uchiyama, Nahoko,Goda, Yukihiro,Abe, Ikuro
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p. 1388 - 1391
(2013/08/23)
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- A convenient synthesis of amino acid methyl esters
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A series of amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides were prepared in good to excellent yields by the room temperature reaction of amino acids with methanol in the presence of trimethylchlorosilane. This method is not only compatible with natural amino acids, but also with other aromatic and aliphatic amino acids.
- Li, Jiabo,Sha, Yaowu
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p. 1111 - 1119
(2008/09/21)
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- THIAZOLIDINONE AMIDES, THIAZOLIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDES, METHODS OF MAKING, AND USES THEREOF
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Substituted thiazolidinone carboxylic acid amides and substituted thiazolidine carboxylic acid amides according to formulae (I) and (II) are disclosed where the various substituent groups are as defined in the specification. Methods of making these compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and their use, particularly for treating or preventing cancer, are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 27-28
(2008/06/13)
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- Discovery of 2-arylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid amides as a new class of cytotoxic agents for prostate cancer
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To improve the selectivity and antiproliferative activity of previously reported serine amide phosphates (SAPs), we designed a new series of 4-thiazolidinone amides, in which the 4-thiazolidinone moiety was introduced as a phosphate mimic. However, these 4-thiazolidinone derivatives demonstrated less cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells despite improved selectivity over RH7777 cells. To further optimize the thiazolidinone analogues in terms of cytotoxicity and selectivity, we made closely related structural modifications, which led us to the discovery of a new class of 2-arylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid amides. These compounds were potent cytotoxic agents with IC50 values in the low micromolar concentration range and demonstrated enhanced selectivity in receptor-negative cells compared to SAPs and 4-thiazolidinone amides.
- Gududuru, Veeresa,Hurh, Eunju,Dalton, James T.,Miller, Duane D.
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p. 2584 - 2588
(2007/10/03)
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- Aromatic heterocyclic non-covalent inhibitors of urokinase and blood vessel formation
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Novel compounds having activity as non-covalent inhibitors of urokinase and having activity in reducing or inhibiting blood vessel formation are provided. These compounds have at a group having a guanidino moiety or derivative thereof. These compounds are useful in vitro for monitoring plasminogen activator levels and in vivo in treatment of conditions which are ameliorated by inhibition of or decreased activity of urokinase and in treating pathologic conditions wherein blood vessel formation is related to a pathologic condition.
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- Inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases
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Compounds having the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1 is (a) hydrogen, (b) loweralkyl, (c) alkenyl, (d) alkoxy, (e) thioalkoxy, (f) halo, (g) haloalkyl, (h) aryl-L2—, and (i) heterocyclic-L2—; R2 is selected from (a) (b) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)OR15, (c) (d) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)NHSO2R16 (e) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)-tetrazolyl, (f) —C(O)NH-heterocyclic, and (g) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)NR17R18; R3 is heterocyclic, aryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl; R4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, aryl, arylakyl, heterocyclic, or (heterocyclic)alkyl; L1 is absent or is selected from (a) —L4—N(R5)—L5—, (b) —L4—O—L5—, (c) —L4—S(O)n—L5— (d) —L4-L6—C(W)—N(R5)—L5—, (e) —L4-L6—S(O)m—N(R5)—L5—, (f) —L4—N(R5)—C(W)—L7-L5—, (g) —L4—N(R5)—S(O)p—L7—L5—, (h) optionally substituted alkylene, (i) optionally substituted alkenylene, and (j) optionally substituted alkynylene are inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases. Also disclosed are protein isoprenyl transferase inhibiting compositions and a method of inhibiting protein isoprenyl transferases.
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- Chiral molecular recognition in monolayers of diastereomeric N-acylamino acid methyl esters at the air/water interface
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This article continues our study of the effects of headgroup geometry and temperature on chiral recognition in the force-area isotherms, thermodynamics of spreading, and surface shear viscosities of monolayers and mixed monolayers of long-chain amino acid ester surfactants. N-Stearoyl - and lauroyl - derivatives of the methyl esters of cysteine, cystine, and threonine are compared to the previously-reported serine derivative. The structural points at issue are as follows: (a) the effects of replacing the hydroxyl group of serine with the thiol group of cysteine; (b) the effect of joining two cysteine groups through their sulfur atoms to produce the two-chain cystine surfactant; and (c) the effect of attaching a methyl group to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group in stearoylserine methyl ester (SSME) to produce the bulkier stearoylthreonine methyl ester (STME). Comparison is first made for the melting point versus enantiomer composition of the crystals for each compound. In all four cases a racemate is formed. Next, the corresponding effects of enantiomeric composition versus the appropriate surface properties are presented and behavior similar to the melting point curves is seen, implying stereoselective behavior when the monolayers are in equilibrium with their crystals or quasicrystalline condensed surface phases. Diastereomeric effects were small, since meso-dilauroylcystine dimethyl ester (DLCDME) showed properties which were nearly identical to its D and L enantiomers, and the allo form of STME was similar to its enantiomers. All four compounds showed distinctly different force-area curves for their enantiomers versus their racemic mixtures, but the shapes of the curves and phase behavior (between liquid-expanded and liquid-condensed films) depended heavily on temperature. All force-area curves show hysteresis effects in the difference between the compression and expansion regions, indicating, as we have shown before, that relaxation of compressed monolayer states is slow and that the films are in metastable states. Phase behavior is an erratic function of headgroup and temperature. Also, there is no general pattern of whether racemates or enantiomers are most expanded. No crystals of quality sufficient for X-ray analysis could be grown, so rigorous interpretation of properties and behavior in terms of structure cannot be made. However, clear differences between the behavior of stearoylcysteine methyl ester (SCME) and SSME can be interpreted in terms of hydrogen bonding of the serine hydroxyl group to the water subphase. Furthermore, comparison of force-area curves for a series of diastereomeric mixtures of L-STME and L-allo-STME with D- and L-SSME suggests that the stereochemistry at the carbon between the ester and amide functions is primarily responsible for the stereoselectivity in the packing of STME films. Films of SCME were too condensed to allow a surface viscosity study, but those of DLCDME and STME exhibited Newtonian flow with essentially no stereoselectivity in their flow properties.
- Heath, Jonathan G.,Arnett, Edward M.
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p. 4500 - 4514
(2007/10/02)
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- A γ-LACTAM ANALOGUE OF THE PENEMS POSSESSING ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
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The synthesis of a γ-lactam analogue of penems, from aspartic acid semi-aldehyde, which possessed antibacterial activity is described.
- Baldwin, Jack E.,Freeman, Richard T.,Lowe, Christopher,Schofield, Christopher J.,Lee, Eun
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p. 4537 - 4550
(2007/10/02)
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- ARYL-VINYLSULFONE--REAGENTIEN ZUM SCHUTZ UND NACHWEIS VON THIOLFUNKTIONEN
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Aryl vinyl sulfones selectively react with thiol groups to acid-stable compounds which easily are cleaved by mild bases to thiol compounds.Ester and amide groups are not attacked under these conditions.Therefore, these compounds are good protecting groups or labels in peptide chemistry.The following aryl vinyl sulfones were investigated: phenyl vinyl sulfone 1, p-carbethoxyphenyl vinyl sulfone 15 and the fluorescent 5-dimethylaminonaphthyl 1-vinyl sulfone 5 and 5-methoxynaphthyl-1 vinyl sulfone 10.The last two compounds are very useful reagents for the quantitative determination of SH-groups in polypeptides such as enzymes.
- Horner, L.,Lindel, H.
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- PHOSPHORORGANISCHE VERBINDUNGEN 97. Die Diphenylphosphinyl- und die Diphenylthiophosphinylgruppe als selektive Schutzgruppe fuer die Mercaptofunktion. Nucleophile Abloesung der Thioloestergruppe aus Thiophosphin-, Thiophosphon- und Thiophosphorsaeure-S-estern durch nicht solvatisierte...
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Diphenylphosphinic acid cyanide and diphenylthiophosphonic acid cyanide react selectively with the mercaptogroup even in presence of primary aminogroups.The thioloesterbond in thiophosphinic, thiophosphonic and thiophosphoric acid S-esters is cleaved under mild conditions by unsolvated fluoride ions F*3H2O (R = C4H9) and CsF> in methylene chloride, chloroform or THF. (C6H5)2P(O)CN and (C6H5)2P(S)CN are therefore protecting group reagents for mercaptans.Diphenylphosphinic acid chloride and diphenylthiophosphinic acid chloride are N-selective in competing reactions using butylamine/butylmercaptan.In contrast to the corresponding S-selective cyanides no selectivity is observed using cysteamine and cysteinmethylester.
- Horner, L.,Gehring, R.,Lindel, H.
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p. 349 - 356
(2007/10/02)
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