- Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Electrophilic Nitration of Phenols via Non-Br?nsted Acidic NO2+ Generation
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The first catalytic procedure for the electrophilic nitration of phenols was developed using iodosylbenzene as an organocatalyst based on iodine(III) and aluminum nitrate as a nitro group source. This atom-economic protocol occurs under mild, non-Br?nsted acidic and open-flask reaction conditions with a broad functional-group tolerance including several heterocycles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the (SMD:MeCN)Mo8-HX/(LANLo8+f,6-311+G) level indicated that the reaction proceeds through a cationic pathway that efficiently generates the NO2+ ion, which is the nitrating species under neutral conditions.
- Juárez-Ornelas, Kevin A.,Jiménez-Halla, J. Oscar C.,Kato, Terumasa,Solorio-Alvarado, César R.,Maruoka, Keiji
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supporting information
p. 1315 - 1319
(2019/03/07)
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- Design and synthesis of novel benzoxazole analogs as Aurora B kinase inhibitors
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A novel series of benzoxazole analogs was designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against Aurora kinases were evaluated. Some of the tested compounds exhibited a promising activity with respect to the inhibition of Aurora B kinase. A structure-activity relationship study indicated that linker length, regiochemistry, and halogen substitution play important roles in kinase inhibitory potency. The binding modes between representative compounds and Aurora kinases were interpreted through a molecular docking study to explain the inhibitory activity and selectivity for Aurora A and B kinases. Compounds 13l and 13q also show an antiproliferative effect on the human tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The most potent 13q demonstrated good efficacy in the prostate cancer PC-3 tumor xenograft model.
- An, Ying,Lee, Eun,Yu, Yeongji,Yun, Jieun,Lee, Myeong Youl,Kang, Jong Soon,Kim, Woo-Young,Jeon, Raok
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supporting information
p. 3067 - 3072
(2016/06/13)
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- Improved Protocol for Mononitration of Phenols with Bismuth(III) and Iron(III) Nitrates
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A simple and efficient multigram procedure was developed for the selective mononitration of various activated phenols. The reaction proceeded smoothly with 0.5 equivalents of Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O or Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O in acetone at ambient temperature or at reflux. The desired products were isolated in 62-93% total yield and essentially no overnitrated compounds were detected.
- W?sińska, Ma?gorzata,Korczewska, Anna,Giurg, Miros?aw,Skarzewski, Jacek
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supporting information
p. 143 - 150
(2015/10/20)
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- Biomimetic synthesis of isoindolinones related to the marilines
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The non-enzymatic formation of the racemic isoindolinone core structure during the biosynthesis of the marine natural products mariline A and B was mimicked by employing structurally closely related model substrates. Thus, condensation of 2-formyl-3,5-dim
- Augner, Daniel,Schmalz, Hans-Günther
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supporting information
p. 1395 - 1397
(2015/06/16)
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- Analgesic Compounds, Compositions, and Uses Thereof
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The invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for diminishing pain in a subject in need thereof comprising administering the compounds and compositions herein described.
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Page/Page column 20
(2011/10/04)
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- Nitro-group-directed selective dealkylation
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Nitro-substituted phenolic ethers were successfully selectively dealkylated. The directing effect of the nitro group is supported by the excellent regioselectivities and good yields. These reactions demonstrate that the complexation of AlCl3 with the phenolic nitro group is stronger than with the phenolic ether alone. The mechanism for the selective dealkylation directed by the nitro group is proposed.
- Ji, Xiujie,Cheng, Bowen,Song, Jun,Liu, Chao,Wang, Yufei
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experimental part
p. 2053 - 2057
(2009/10/24)
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- Completion of the spectroscopical data for the synthesis of DIMBOA
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Cyclic hydroxamic acids like 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin- 3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA) are found in several plants playing an important role in the defense-system of plants against a variety of enemies. To investigate new mechanism and effects we synthesized the molecules using known synthetic pathways. Since the chemical data of DIMBOA are not complete or even false, we decided to publish the missing ones in this journal. O?sterreichische Apotheker-Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H.
- Handler, Norbert,Erker, Thomas
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- Substituted pyrazinones, pyridines and pyrimidines as corticotropin releasing factor ligands
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Compounds provided herein are novel substituted pyrazinones, pyridines and pyrimidines of Formula (I) and (II): Such compounds are particularly useful as CRF receptor ligands, and hence, in the treatment of various neurologically-related disorders such as affective disorder, anxiety and depression.
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- 2-CARBOXAMIDE-BENZIMIDAZOLES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY
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The subject invention relates to compounds having the structure: (I) wherein: (a) R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy, the alkyl and aryl portions of preferred R1 having from 1 to about 14 carbon atoms; (b) R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl-aryloxy, alkylthio, amino, and mono- or dialkylaminio, the alkyl portions of preferred R3 and R4 having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; except that R3 and R4 are not both hydrogen; (c) each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, and mono- or dialkylamino, the alkyl portions of preferred R5 having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms. The subject invention further relates to compositions comprising these compound. The subject compounds are useful for preventing or treating reperfusion injury of a variety of tissues.
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Page/Page column 4
(2008/06/13)
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- The nitration of electron-rich aromatics
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The successful mononitration of a variety of electron-rich aromatic substrates is reported, employing either nitronium tetrafluoroborate or 'claycop' as the nitrating agent. Dinitration of four of the substrates was achieved when employing nitronium tetrafluoroborate. Several of the products have previously been prepared only by indirect methods.
- Dwyer,Holzapfel
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p. 7843 - 7848
(2007/10/03)
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- Hydroxylation of Nitroarenes with Alkyl Hydroperoxide Anions via Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen
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Rhone-Poulenc Polska Ltd., ul. Grzybowska 80/82, 00-844 Warszawa, Poland Garbo- and heterocyclic nitroarenes react with anions of tert-butyl and cumyl hydroperoxides in the presence of strong bases to form substituted o- and p-nitrophenols. The reaction usually proceeds in high yields and is of practical value as a method of synthesis and manufacturing of nitrophenols. Orientation of the hydroxylation can be controlled to a substantial extent by selection of the proper conditions. Basic mechanistic features of this process were clarified.
- Makosza, Mieczyslaw,Sienkiewicz, Krzysztof
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p. 4199 - 4208
(2007/10/03)
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- Improved procedures for the preparation of 2-nitro-5-methoxyphenol and 6-methoxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone from 3-methoxyphenol
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3-Methoxyphenol can be selectively nitrosated in propionic acid, and the resulting slurry of 2-nitroso-5-methoxyphenol can be cleanly oxidized by nitric acid to the nitro compound. An improved procedure for the preparation of 6-methoxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone
- Maleski
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p. 343 - 348
(2007/10/02)
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- Analogues of the Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one: Decomposition to Benzoxazolinones and Reaction with β-Mercaptoethanol
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Analogues of the aglucones of naturally occurring cyclic hydroxamic acids (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones) from Gramineae (Poaceae) have been synthesized by the reductive cyclization of the ring-substituted methyl α-(o-nitrophenoxy)-α-methoxyacetates, followed by demethylation of the C-2 methoxy group with BBr3 or BCl3 to reveal the 2-hydroxy group.A structure-activity series was produced by varying the substituent at C-7 on the aromatic ring .The pKa values for the hydroxamic acid and the phenol moieties were determined for each member of the C-7 series.They correlated well with ? in a linear free energy relationship (LFER) yielding values of ρ = 0.71 (with ?p) for pKa1 (the hydroxamic acid) and ρ = 1.6 (with ρm) for pKa2 (the phenol).A LFER also existed between the rate constants for the unimolecular decomposition of these hydroxamic acids to benzoxazolinones and ?+ (ρ = -1.1).The rates of hydroxamic acid reduction to lactams by β-mercaptoethanol were also investigated.It was found that only compounds with electron-rich aromatic rings and specifically an oxa functionality para to the hydroxamic acid nitrogen atom (compounds 1 and 3 - 5) had measurable rates of reduction. 1H NMR spectra recorded during this reaction in D2O buffers (pD 9), however, showed that compounds 1, 2, 6 - 9 (the only ones investigated) formed a hemithioacetal at C-2 even though only 1 has a measurable rate of reduction by the same thiol.The remarkable rate enhancement provided by an oxa functionality suggests that reduction occurs by direct attack of thiolate on the hydroxamic nitrogen of a resonance-stabilized ion pair.
- Atkinson, Jeffrey,Morand, Peter,Arnason, John T.,Niemeyer, Hermann M.,Bravo, Hector R.
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p. 1788 - 1800
(2007/10/02)
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