- Pharmacophore-Based Design of Phenyl-[hydroxycyclohexyl] Cycloalkyl-Carboxamide Mitofusin Activators with Improved Neuronal Activity
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Mitochondrial fragmentation from defective fusion or unopposed fission contributes to many neurodegenerative diseases. Small molecule mitofusin activators reverse mitochondrial fragmentation in vitro, promising a novel therapeutic approach. The first-in-c
- Bernstein, Peter R.,Dang, Xiawei,Devanathan, Sriram,Dorn, Gerald W.,Franco, Antonietta,Fu, Lijun,Walters, Daniel,Williams, Sidney B.
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p. 12506 - 12524
(2021/09/11)
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- 2,5-DISUBSTITUTED 3-METHYL PYRAZINES AND 2,5,6-TRISUBSTITUTED 3-METHYL PYRAZINES AS ALLOSTERIC SHP2 INHIBITORS
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The present disclosure is directed to inhibitors of SHP2 and their use in the treatment of disease. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.
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Paragraph 0701
(2018/03/26)
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- COMPOUNDS THAT INHIBIT MCL-1 PROTEIN
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Provided herein are myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein (Mcl-1) inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of diseases or conditions, such as cancer.
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- Asymmetric synthesis of propargylamines as amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics
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The amide moiety of peptides can be replaced for example by a triazole moiety, which is considered to be bioisosteric. Therefore, the carbonyl moiety of an amino acid has to be replaced by an alkyne in order to provide a precursor of such peptidomimetics. As most amino acids have a chiral center at Cα, such amide bond surrogates need a chiral moiety. Here the asymmetric synthesis of a set of 24 N-sulfinyl propargylamines is presented. The condensation of various aldehydes with Ellman's chiral sulfinamide provides chiral N-sulfinylimines, which were reacted with (trimethylsilyl)ethynyllithium to afford diastereomerically pure N-sulfinyl propargylamines. Diverse functional groups present in the propargylic position resemble the side chain present at the Cα of amino acids. Whereas propargylamines with (cyclo)alkyl substituents can be prepared in a direct manner, residues with polar functional groups require suitable protective groups. The presence of particular functional groups in the side chain in some cases leads to remarkable side reactions of the alkyne moiety. Thus, electron-withdrawing substituents in the Cα-position facilitate a base induced rearrangement to α,β-unsaturated imines, while azide-substituted propargylamines form triazoles under surprisingly mild conditions. A panel of propargylamines bearing fluoro or chloro substituents, polar functional groups, or basic and acidic functional groups is accessible for the use as precursors of peptidomimetics.
- Wünsch, Matthias,Schr?der, David,Fr?hr, Tanja,Teichmann, Lisa,Hedwig, Sebastian,Janson, Nils,Belu, Clara,Simon, Jasmin,Heidemeyer, Shari,Holtkamp, Philipp,Rudlof, Jens,Klemme, Lennard,Hinzmann, Alessa,Neumann, Beate,Stammler, Hans-Georg,Sewald, Norbert
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p. 2428 - 2441
(2017/12/06)
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- One-step synthesis of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione derivatives using the Ugi reaction
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Fully protected natural and unnatural N-acetylcysteine, dipeptide Cys-Gly, glutathione, and homoglutathione derivatives were synthesized by the Ugi four-component reaction using various benzylthio aldehydes and ketones as carbonyl building blocks. The scope and limitations of the method were investigated. Formation of imidazoline by-products in the Ugi reaction was discussed. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol was shown to be a superior reaction media than methanol in some reactions. Also, the 4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl derivative (OBO-ester) of isocyanoacetic acid was shown to be superior to use than ethyl isocyanoacetate as a peptide synthesis precursor in cases when higher reactivity of an isocyanide is required.
- Zhdanko, Alexander G.,Gulevich, Anton V.,Nenajdenko, Valentine G.
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experimental part
p. 4692 - 4702
(2009/10/02)
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- A Flexible Asymmetric Synthesis of anti-1,2-Sulfanyl Amines
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An efficient and flexible asymmetric synthesis of various protected anti-1,2-sulfanyl amines bearing two adjacent stereogenic centres is described. Key steps are the diastereoselective α-alkylation of α-sulfanylated acetaldehyde-SAMP-hydrazones with various electrophiles and subsequent nucleophilic 1,2-addition of organocerium reagents to the hydrazone CN double bond. The resulting hydrazines were converted into the title compounds with excellent diastereomeric and enantiomeric excesses (de and ee values ≥ 96%) by reductive N,N bond cleavage to remove the chiral auxiliaries and protection of the amino functions. The relative and absolute configurations were determined by NOE experiments and X-ray structure analysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
- Enders, Dieter,Moll, Alexander,Schaadt, Annette,Raabe, Gerhard,Runsink, Jan
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p. 3923 - 3938
(2007/10/03)
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- Building units for N-backbone cyclic peptides. Part 4. Synthesis of protected Nα-functionalized alkyl amino acids by reductive alkylation of natural amino acids
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A new method for the synthesis of protected Nα-(ω-Y-alkyl) amino acids (Y is a thio, amino or carboxy group) and related compounds by reductive alkylation of natural amino acids is reported. These new amino acids serve as building units for the synthesis of backbone-cyclic peptides. They are orthogonally protected at the α-amino position by butoxycarbonyl (Boc) or 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), using trimethylsilyl temporary protection, to allow for their incorporation into peptides by solid phase peptide synthesis.
- Bitan, Gal,Muller, Dan,Kasher, Ron,Gluhov, Evgenia V.,Gilon, Chaim
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p. 1501 - 1510
(2007/10/03)
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- Regiochemical and Stereochemical Studies on Halocyclization Reactions of Unsaturated Sulfides
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The regiochemistry and stereochemistry for the halocyclization reactions of unsaturated benzyl sulfides have been examined as a function of tether length, type of unsaturation (carbon-carbon double bond versus carbon-carbon triple bond), substituents, and halogenating agent.Alkenyl sulfides were found to react with iodine or bromine at room temperature to give five-membered ring cycloadducts exclusively over those having four-membered rings, while for larger systems, six-membered ring products are formed preferentially over their five-membered ring isomers and exclusively over the seven-membered ring adducts.The endo- versus exo-regioselectivity of these alkenyl sulfide ring closure most likely reflects the difference in thermodynamic stabilities of the β-halo sulfide cycloadducts, which are able to equilibrate via a common episulfonium intermediate.The efficiency of cyclization process markedly drops off for these alkenyl sulfides as the tether length increases beyond four intervening carbon centers.Thus, while the halogenations of 3-butenyl sulfides and 4-pentenyl sulfides give high yields of cycloadducts, those of 5-hexenyl sulfides afford only small amounts of cyclized products and large quantities of acyclic dibromides.Conversely, the reactions of acetylenic sulfides with iodine give uniformly high yields and regiochemical control regardless of the tether length.Thus, 3-butynyl and 4-pentynyl sulfides cyclize cleanly to the five-membered ring while 5-hexynyl sulfides give exclusively the six-membered ring.The products arising from these alkynyl sulfide ring closures are believed to be formed under kinetic control.The methodology has been applied to the synthesis of unusual bicyclic β-lactams related to the penicillin family of antibiotics.
- Ren, Xiao-Feng,Turos, Edward,Lake, Charles H.,Churchill, Melvyn Rowen
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p. 6468 - 6483
(2007/10/03)
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- 1-Aminoalkylphosphonous Acids. Part 1. Isosteres of the Protein Amino Acids
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The synthesis of 1-aminoalkylphosphonous acids, isosteres of the protein amino acids, by addition of hypophosphorous acid to diphenylmethylimines is described.These analogues of glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, methionine, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, lysine, ornithine, arginine, and proline have been prepared and the analogues of alanine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine resolved.The alanine, valine and methionine analogues have interesting antimicrobial activity and the alanine analogue has plant growth inhibiting properties.Oxidation of the appropriate 1-aminoalkylphosphonous acids gave the 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acid analogues of (+/-)-alanine, (-)-alanine, (+/-)-valine, (-)-valine, (+/-)-serine, (+/-)-threonine, (+/-)-lysine, (-)-leucine, and (+/-)-ornithine.
- Baylis, E. Keith,Campbell, Colin D.,Dingwall, John G.
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p. 2845 - 2853
(2007/10/02)
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