- Design and synthesis of sinomenine isoxazole derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction
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A novel structure of sinomenine isoxazole derivatives is synthesised from sinomenine hydrochloride and aromatic aldehydes and requires six steps. 19 target compounds have been obtained in good yields. The sinomenine hydrochloride transforms to 4-alkynyl sinomenine, which is a key intermediate product to synthesise the target sinomenine isoxazole compounds, after a neutralisation reaction with ammonia and substitution reaction with 3-chloropropyne. Another key intermediate product is 1,3-dipole, which can be obtained from aromatic aldehyde. After treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and then sodium carbonate solution, aromatic aldehyde is converted to aldehyde oxime, which reacts with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) to afford aryl hydroximino chloride. 1,3-Dipole is eventually formed in situ while triethylamine (TEA) in DMF is added dropwise. Then 4-alkynyl sinomenine is added to provide the sinomenine isoxazole derivative via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction as the key step. All the target compounds are characterised by melting point, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and FT-IR spectroscopy.
- Pan, Hongmei,Lu, Tong,Wu, Xuedan,Gu, Chengwen,Tao, Naili,Zhang, Biao,Wang, Ao,Chen, Guangmei,Zhang, Kehua,Cheng, Jie,Jin, Jie
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supporting information
p. 2360 - 2364
(2019/11/11)
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- Discovery of BMS-986318, a Potent Nonbile Acid FXR Agonist for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Herein we report the discovery and preclinical biological evaluation of 6-(2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)-7-azaspiro[3.5]non-1-en-7-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylic acid, compound 1 (BMS-986318), a nonbile acid farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist. Compound 1 exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activation of FXR, has a suitable ADME profile, and demonstrates efficacy in the mouse bile duct ligation model of liver cholestasis and fibrosis. The overall profile of compound 1 supports its continued evaluation.
- Azzara, Anthony V.,Cao, Gary G.,Carpenter, Joseph,Cook, Erica M.,Ellsworth, Bruce Alan,Krupinski, Jack,Mosure, Kathy,Rossi, Karen A.,Sitkoff, Doree,Soars, Matthew G.,Wacker, Dean A.,Wang, Tao,Wang, Ying,Wu, Gang,Zhuo, Xiaoliang,Ziegler, Milinda
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supporting information
p. 1413 - 1420
(2021/08/31)
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- ISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND PREPARATION PROCESS THEREOF
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The present invention relates to an isoxazole derivative compound of Formula (1) useful as a substance for treating respiratory viral infectious disease caused by coronavirus, in particular, Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV); a pharm
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Paragraph 127-129
(2020/03/15)
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- Design and Structural Optimization of Dual FXR/PPARδActivators
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as severe hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and has alarming global prevalence. The ligand-activated transcription factors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δhave been validated as molecular targets to counter NASH. To achieve robust therapeutic efficacy in this multifactorial pathology, combined peripheral PPAR?-mediated activity and hepatic effects of FXR activation appear as a promising multitarget approach. We have designed a minimal dual FXR/PPARδactivator scaffold by rational fusion of pharmacophores derived from selective agonists. Our dual agonist lead compound exhibited weak agonism on FXR and PPARδand was structurally refined to a potent and balanced FXR/PPARδactivator in a computer-aided fashion. The resulting dual FXR/PPARδmodulator comprises high selectivity over related nuclear receptors and activates the two target transcription factors in native cellular settings.
- Schierle, Simone,Neumann, Sebastian,Heitel, Pascal,Willems, Sabine,Kaiser, Astrid,Pollinger, Julius,Merk, Daniel
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supporting information
p. 8369 - 8379
(2020/08/12)
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- Discovery and Optimization of Non-bile Acid FXR Agonists as Preclinical Candidates for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a key role in bile acid homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism of lipid and glucose and becomes a promising therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or other FXR-dependent diseases. The phase III trial results of obeticholic acid demonstrate that the FXR agonists emerge as a promising intervention in patients with NASH and fibrosis, but this bile acid-derived FXR agonist brings severe pruritus and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease for patients. Herein, we reported our efforts in the discovery of a series of non-bile acid FXR agonists, and 36 compounds were designed and synthesized based on the structure-based drug design and structural optimization strategies. Particularly, compound 42 is a highly potent and selective FXR agonist, along with good pharmacokinetic profiles, high liver distribution, and preferable in vivo efficacy, indicating that it is a potential candidate for the treatment of NASH or other FXR-dependent diseases.
- Li, Junyou,Liu, Mengqi,Li, Yazhou,Sun, Dan-Dan,Shu, Zhihao,Tan, Qian,Guo, Shimeng,Xie, Rongrong,Gao, Lixin,Ru, Hongbo,Zang, Yi,Liu, Hong,Li, Jia,Zhou, Yu
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p. 12748 - 12772
(2020/12/17)
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- Identification of morpholine based hydroxylamine analogues: Selective inhibitors of MARK4/Par-1d causing cancer cell death through apoptosis
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Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in the phosphorylation of MAP proteins that regulates microtubule dynamics and abets tumor progression by participating in oncogenic signaling pathways. It is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies and no drug is available for this potential therapeutic target at present. Therefore, using the structure based drug design strategy, a library of hydroxylamine derivatives of morpholine were designed and synthesized as small molecule inhibitors of MARK4. Compound 32 having the CF3 group at the ortho position of the phenyl ring tethered with the >CNOH core and the hinge binder morpholine component was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of MARK4 over thirty other serine-threonine kinases. Study of cell viability and compound induced morphological changes in MCF-7 cancer cells discovered that molecule 32 caused death of cancerous cells through the mechanism of apoptosis. Compound 32 may be transported and delivered to the target site through the blood stream, and has promising antioxidant potential. Such bio-active molecules could serve as optimized lead candidates in drug discovery for cancer treatment through MARK4 inhibition.
- Avecilla, Fernando,Azam, Amir,Gaur, Aysha,Hassan, Md. Imtaiyaz,Khan, Nashrah Sharif,Khan, Parvez,Peerzada, Mudasir Nabi
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supporting information
p. 16626 - 16637
(2020/10/14)
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- COMPOUNDS FOR MODULATING FXR
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Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), a stereoisomer, enantiomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein variables are as defined herein; and their pharmaceutical compositions, which are useful as modulators of the activity of Farnesoid X receptors (FXR).
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Paragraph 000140; 000150; 000151; 000501; 000503; 000504
(2020/12/30)
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- MULTICYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS FARNESOID X RECEPTOR MODULATORS
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein all the variables are as defined herein. These compounds modulate the activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), for example, as agonists. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with FXR dysregulation, such as pathological fibrosis, transplant rejection, cancer, osteoporosis, and inflammatory disorders, by using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
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Page/Page column 74; 75
(2019/05/22)
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- HORMONE RECEPTOR MODULATORS FOR TREATING METABOLIC CONDITIONS AND DISORDERS
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The invention relates to activators of FXR useful in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, liver disease, intestinal disease, kidney disease, cancer, and other diseases in which FXR plays a role, having the Formula (I): (I), wherein L1, A, X1, X2, R1, R2, and R3 are described herein.
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Page/Page column 148; 149
(2018/03/25)
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- AN ISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS NUCLEAR RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND USED THEREOF
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The present invention relates to isoxazole derivatives, including pharmaceutical compositions and for the preparation of isoxazole derivatives. And more particularly the present invention provided a pharmaceutical composition of isoxazole derivatives for activation of Farnesoid X receptor(FXR, NR1H4).
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Paragraph 587-589; 1761-1764
(2018/11/10)
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- Preparation technology for 3-aryl-4-nitro isoxazole compound
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The invention discloses a preparation technology for a 3-aryl-4-nitro isoxazole compound. The preparation technology comprises the following steps: synthesizing a compound shown as formula II through the nucleophilic addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and the compound shown as formula I used as the raw material; acquiring the compound shown as formula III through the substitution reaction of the compound shown as formula II and N-chlorosuccinimide; preparing 1-dimethyl amino-2-nitro ethylene through the reaction of N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and nitromethane used as the raw material; and acquiring a target product 3-aryl-4-nitro isoxazole compound through the cyclization reaction of the compound shown as formula III and 1-dimethyl amino-2-nitro ethylene. The raw materials in the synthesis route are low in cost and easily acquired, the operation condition is mild and is easily controlled, the product is easily purified and the preparation technology is a new method for synthesizing the 3-aryl-4-nitro isoxazole compound.
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Paragraph 0108; 0109
(2018/03/01)
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- Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted isoxazoles containing privileged substructures with a diverse display of polar surface area
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We designed and synthesized the molecular framework of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles containing privileged substructures with various substituents which uniquely display polar surface area in a diverse manner. A library of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles were systematically prepared via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes with nitrile oxides prepared by two complementary synthetic routes; method A utilized a halogenating agent with a base and method B utilized a hypervalent iodine reagent. Through the biological evaluation of corresponding isoxazoles via three independent phenotypic assays, the different pattern of biological activities was shown according to the type of privileged substructure and substituent. These results demonstrated the significance of molecular design via introducing privileged substructures and various substituents to make a diverse arrangement of polar surface area within a similar 3-dimensional molecular framework.
- Kim, Mingi,Hwang, Yoon Soo,Cho, Wansang,Park, Seung Bum
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supporting information
p. 407 - 413
(2017/06/19)
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- Discovery of Tropifexor (LJN452), a Highly Potent Non-bile Acid FXR Agonist for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
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The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that acts as a master regulator of bile acid metabolism and signaling. Activation of FXR inhibits bile acid synthesis and increases bile acid conjugation, transport, and excretion, thereby protecting the liver from the harmful effects of bile accumulation, leading to considerable interest in FXR as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cholestasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We identified a novel series of highly potent non-bile acid FXR agonists that introduce a bicyclic nortropine-substituted benzothiazole carboxylic acid moiety onto a trisubstituted isoxazole scaffold. Herein, we report the discovery of 1 (tropifexor, LJN452), a novel and highly potent agonist of FXR. Potent in vivo activity was demonstrated in rodent PD models by measuring the induction of FXR target genes in various tissues. Tropifexor has advanced into phase 2 human clinical trials in patients with NASH and PBC.
- Tully, David C.,Rucker, Paul V.,Chianelli, Donatella,Williams, Jennifer,Vidal, Agnès,Alper, Phil B.,Mutnick, Daniel,Bursulaya, Badry,Schmeits, James,Wu, Xiangdong,Bao, Dingjiu,Zoll, Jocelyn,Kim, Young,Groessl, Todd,McNamara, Peter,Seidel, H. Martin,Molteni, Valentina,Liu, Bo,Phimister, Andrew,Joseph, Sean B.,Laffitte, Bryan
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supporting information
p. 9960 - 9973
(2018/01/11)
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- Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Evaluation of Novel 3, 7-Disubstituted Coumarin Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents
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Twenty-seven 3, 7-disubstituted coumarin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro as anticancer agents. Most of the compounds showed moderate-to-potent antiproliferative activity against K562 cells. Compounds 7b and 7d were chosen to evaluate the concentration of 50% growth inhibition (GI50) against SN12C, OVCAR, BxPC-3, KATO-III, T24, SNU-1, WiDr, HeLa, K562, and AGS cell lines. The most potent compound 7d was selected for further cell cycle arrest assay in the AGS cell line. The in vitro data indicated that methylation of benzimidazole moiety at the 3-position of coumarin exhibited significant enhancement of anticancer activity. This study should provide important information for further modification and optimization of coumarin derivatives as anticancer agents.
- Wang, Yubin,Liu, Haitao,Lu, Peng,Mao, Rui,Xue, Xiaojian,Fan, Chen,She, Jinxiong
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p. 637 - 647
(2015/03/14)
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- PHENYL-ISOXAZOL DERIVATIVES AND PREPARATION PROCESS THEREOF
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Disclosed are a phenyl-isoxazol derivative compound, which is useful as a treatment material for virus infection, especially, infection of an influenza virus, or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivative, a preparation method thereof, and an illness treatment pharmaceutical composition including the compound as an active ingredient.
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Paragraph 0073; 0074
(2014/02/16)
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- PHENYLISOXAZOLINE COMPOUND HAVING HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES AND USE THEREOF
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Provided are an ortho-substituted phenylisoxazoline-based compound with 2,6-difluorobenzyloxymethyl represented by Formula 1, or a racemate or enantiomer thereof, a herbicide including the ortho-substituted phenylisoxazoline-based compound, or the racemate or enantiomer thereof as an active ingredient, and a method of selectively controlling grass weed comprising treating with the ortho-substituted phenylisoxazoline-based compound, or the racemate or enantiomer thereof before or after the grass weed emerges.
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Paragraph 0034
(2014/08/20)
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- PHENYL-ISOXAZOL DERIVATIVES AND PREPARATION PROCESS THEREOF
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Disclosed are a phenyl-isoxazol derivative compound, which is useful as a treatment material for virus infection, especially, infection of an influenza virus, or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivative, a preparation method thereof, and an illness treatment pharmaceutical composition including the compound as an active ingredient
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Page/Page column 16
(2012/11/07)
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- Synthesis and biological activity of 3-substituted isoxazolecarboxamides
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A series of novel 3-substituted isoxazolecarboxamides have been prepared. A key step was 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to α,β-unsaturated esters. Some of these compounds exhibited high fungicidal activities against Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium culmorum, and Phytophthora cactorum.
- Gucma, Miroslaw,Golebiewski, W. Marek
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scheme or table
p. 461 - 469
(2011/07/30)
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- Effect of the aryl group substituent in the dimerization of 3-arylisoxazoles to syn 2,6-diaryl-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octan-4,8-diones induced by LDA
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3-Arylisoxazoles react with LDA in THF at 0 °C affording syn-2,6-diaryl-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octan-4,8-diones (bis-azetidinones), via stereoselective dimerization of an azetinone anion intermediate. A?fragmentation reaction affording arylnitriles may compete with electronic and steric effects of the substituent present in the aryl group being pivotal in determining the outcome of this reaction. An interesting behaviour with LDA of arylnitriles arising from the fragmentation reaction of some 3-arylisoxazoles was also observed. N,N-Diisopropylaminobenzonitriles were in fact formed (plausibly via a benzyne mechanism) from 3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazole and 3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazole, whereas 3-(2-methylphenyl)isoquinolin-1-amine was isolated starting from 3-(2-methylphenyl)isoxazole and LDA.
- Di Nunno, Leonardo,Vitale, Paola,Scilimati, Antonio
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experimental part
p. 11198 - 11204
(2009/04/11)
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- Regioselectivity in the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)itaconimide
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The regioselectivity of the nitrile oxide cycloaddition with 3,3-methylene-1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,5-pyrrolidindione (1) is discussed.Arylnitrile oxides add regioselectively to the carbon-carbon double bond of 1, giving exclusively spiro-isoxazolines 3a-
- Fisera, L.,Konopikova, M.,Ertl, P.,Pronayova, N.
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p. 301 - 312
(2007/10/02)
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