- Decoupled Redox Catalytic Hydrogen Production with a Robust Electrolyte-Borne Electron and Proton Carrier
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Electrolytic water splitting is an effective approach for H2 mass production. A conventional water electrolyzer concurrently generates H2 and O2 in neighboring electrode compartments separated by a membrane, which brings about compromised purity, energy efficiency, and system durability. On the basis of distinct redox electrochemistry, here, we report a system that enables the decoupling of both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from the electrodes to two spatially separated catalyst bed reactors in alkaline solutions. Through a pair of close-loop electrochemical-chemical cycles, the system operates upon 7,8-dihydroxy-2-phenazinesulfonic acid (DHPS) and ferricyanide-mediated HER and OER, respectively, on Pt/Ni(OH)2 and NiFe(OH)2 catalysts. Near unity faradaic efficiency and sustained production of hydrogen has been demonstrated at a current density up to 100 mA/cm2. The superior reaction kinetics, particularly the HER reaction mechanism of DHPS as a robust electrolyte-borne electron and proton carriers, were scrutinized both computationally and experimentally. We anticipate the system demonstrated here would provide an intriguing alternative to the conventional water electrolytic hydrogen production.
- Zhang, Feifei,Zhang, Hang,Salla, Manohar,Qin, Ning,Gao, Mengqi,Ji, Ya,Huang, Shiqiang,Wu, Sisi,Zhang, Ruifeng,Lu, Zhouguang,Wang, Qing
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR THE INHIBITION OF PASK
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Disclosed herein are new heterocyclic compounds of Formula IIa: and compositions thereof, and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease. Methods of inhibiting PAS Kinase (PASK) activity in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
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Paragraph 0235; 0516; 0517
(2014/05/20)
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- SULFONATION IN CONTINUOUS-FLOW MICROREACTORS
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A continuous flow process for sulfonating 1,2.diaminobenzene comprises introducing a sulfonation mixture into a microreactor inlet of a continuous flow microreactor to produce a flow of the sulfonation mixture through the continuous flow microreactor. The sulfonation mixture comprises 1,2 aminobenzene dissolved in a molar excess of sulfuric acid. The continuous flow microreactor comprises one or more individual fluidic modules each having various features with respect to channel width and thermal management. The process further comprises maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 150.230 degC in at least a portion of the individual fluidic modules while the sulfonation mixture flows from the microreactor inlet to the microreactor outlet. Thereupon, the sulfonation mixture is received from the microreactor outlet. Finally, a sulfonated reaction product is precipitated out of the sulfonation mixture received from the microreactor outlet. The sulfonated reaction product is 3,4.diaminosulfonic acid, free of doubly sulfonated impurities.
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Page/Page column 19-20
(2012/06/16)
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- Sulfonation in continuous-flow microreactors
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A continuous-flow process for sulfonating 1,2-diaminobenzene is described. The continuous-flow process comprises introducing a sulfonation mixture into a microreactor inlet of a continuous-flow microreactor (100) to produce a flow of the sulfonation mixture through the continuous-flow microreactor (100). The sulfonation mixture comprises 1,2-aminobenzene dissolved in a molar excess of sulfuric acid. The continuous-flow microreactor (100) comprises one or more individual fluidic modules (10) each having various features with respect to channel width and thermal management. The process further comprises maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 150°C to about 230 °C in at least a portion of the individual fluidic modules (10) while the sulfonation mixture flows from the microreactor inlet to the microreactor outlet. Thereupon, the sulfonation mixture is received from the microreactor outlet. Finally, a sulfonated reaction product is precipitated out of the sulfonation mixture received from the microreactor outlet. The sulfonated reaction product is 3,4-diaminosulfonic acid, free of doubly sulfonated impurities.
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Page/Page column 9
(2012/06/05)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR THE INHIBITION OF PASK
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Disclosed herein are new heterocyclic compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease. Methods of inhibiting PAS Kinase (PASK) activity in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
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Page/Page column 40
(2012/09/11)
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- BIREFRINGENT FILM, LAMINATED FILM, AND IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE
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The present invention provides a birefringent film having an index ellipsoid satisfying a relationship of nz>nx>ny, and having thinness and light weight, which can be relatively easily produced. The birefringent film of the present invention contains an acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivative represented by the following general formula (I), and an index ellipsoid of the film satisfies a relationship of nz>nx>ny. Here, in the formula (I), X, Y, and Z each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an —R group, an —OM group, a —COOM group, an —OCOR group, an —NHCOR group, a —CONHR group, an —NH2 group, an —NO2 group, a —CF3 group, a —CN group, an —OCN group, an —SCN group, an —SM group, and a —PO3M group; M represents a counterion; R represents hydrocarbon; k, l, m, and n represent the number of substitutions, k is an integer of 1 to 4, and l, m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3.
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- Synthesis and antistaphylococcal activity of N-substituted-1H- benzimidazole-sulphonamides
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A series of N-substituted-1H-benzimidazole-5(6)-sulfonamides and 3-(5,6-dichloro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N-substituted benzensulfonamides were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Certain compounds inhibit bacterial growth with low MIC (μg/mL) values. The most active compounds 30, 31, and 32 have the lowest MIC values with 0.39 to 0.19 μg/mL. Among the compounds having sulfonamido moities, 16, 23, and 24 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity with 1.56 μg/mL MIC values.
- Pueskuellue, M. Orhan,Yildiz, Sulhiye,Goeker, Hakan
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experimental part
p. 31 - 39
(2010/06/19)
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- Synthesis of substituted dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazines and a new heterocyclic dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline
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Three new α,α′-diimine ligands were synthesized based on condensation of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione with 1,2-phenylenediamine derivatives using different approaches. All compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV-visible, and MS spectroscopies. We report the first example of a dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline, which exhibits a strong absorption at 430 nm and an interesting electrochemical behavior. These new molecules may have biological potential and are of synthetic and technological importance.
- da Silva Miranda, Fabio,Signori, Aline Maria,Vicente, Juliano,de Souza, Bernardo,Priebe, Jacks?Patrick,Szpoganicz, Bruno,Gon?alves, Norberto Sanches,Neves, Ademir
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p. 5410 - 5415
(2008/09/21)
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- Sulfoderivatives of acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline, lyotropic liquid crystal and anisotropic film on their base
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The present invention provides a series of new chemical compounds, lyotropic liquid crystal systems, materials, blends, mixtures, namely acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline sulfoderivatives of the general structural formula: wherein n is an integer in the range of 1 to 4; m is an integer in the range of 0 to 4; z is an integer in the range of 0 to 6, and m+z+n≦10; X and Y are individually selected from the group g of CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, Cl, Br, OH, OCOCH3 NH2, NHCOCH3, NO2, F, CF3, CN, OCN, SCN, COOH, and CONH2; M is a counterion; and j is the number of counterions in the molecule.
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ISOLATED 3,4-DIAMINOBENZENESULFONIC ACID
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Production of 3,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (I) comprises reacting 1,2-diaminobenzene (II) with anhydrous sulfuric acid or oleum at 100-160 degrees C while stirring for 1-20 hours, adding water or ice to adjust the sulfuric acid concentration to 30-75 wt.%, and filtering off the precipitate and optionally washing it with dilute sulfuric acid.
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