- Synthetic method of N - aryl substituted lactam compound
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The invention discloses a method. NSynthesis method of - aryl substituted lactam compound, and synthesis method thereof is promoted by tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and-tert-butyl hydroperoxideNMulti-step series reaction synthesis - aryl substituted saturated cyclic amine compoundN- Aryl substituted lactam compounds are simple and convenient to operate. The method has the advantages of no transition metal catalysis, wide substrate application range and the like, and is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0032-0034
(2021/08/25)
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- Discovery of Selective Inhibitors forIn VitroandIn VivoInterrogation of Skeletal Myosin II
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Myosin IIs, actin-based motors that utilize the chemical energy of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) to generate force, have potential as therapeutic targets. Their heavy chains differentiate the family into muscle (skeletal [SkMII], cardiac, smooth) and nonmuscle myosin IIs. Despite the therapeutic potential for muscle disorders, SkMII-specific inhibitors have not been reported and characterized. Here, we present the discovery, synthesis, and characterization of “skeletostatins,” novel derivatives of the pan-myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin, with selectivity 40- to 170-fold for SkMII over all other myosin II family members. In addition, the skeletostatins bear improved potency, solubility, and photostability, without cytotoxicity. Based on its optimalin vitroprofile, MT-134’sin vivotolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics were determined. MT-134 was well-tolerated in mice, impaired motor performance, and had excellent exposure in muscles. Skeletostatins are useful probes for basic research and a strong starting point for drug development.
- Radnai, Laszlo,Surman, Matthew,Hafenbreidel, Madalyn,Young, Erica J.,Stremel, Rebecca F.,Lin, Li,Bdiri, Bilel,Pasetto, Paolo,Jin, Xiaomin,Geedy, Mackenzie,Partridge, Joni-Rae,Patel, Aagam,Conlon, Michael,Sellers, James R.,Cameron, Michael D.,Rumbaugh, Gavin,Griffin, Patrick R.,Kamenecka, Theodore M.,Miller, Courtney A.
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p. 2164 - 2173
(2021/10/12)
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- Selective synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones and 3-iodopyrroles: Via the ring contraction and deformylative functionalization of piperidine derivatives
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In this paper, a selective synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones and 3-iodopyrroles via the cascade reactions of N-substituted piperidines is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of pyrrolidin-2-ones involves a domino process including the in situ formation of pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde followed by carboxylic acid formation, decarboxylation and ipso-oxidation. On the other hand, 3-iodopyrroles are believed to be formed via the initial generation of pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde followed by carboxylic acid formation, decarboxylation, dehydrogenation, iodination and aromatization. Interestingly, either pyrrolidin-2-ones or 3-iodopyrroles could be obtained selectively from the same substrates, and the selectivity was easily tuned by using a specific oxidant and additive.
- Wang, Fang,Zhang, Xinying,He, Yan,Fan, Xuesen
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p. 156 - 164
(2019/01/08)
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- Pyrrolidone compound synthesis method
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The invention discloses a pyrrolidone compound synthesis method, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. Saturated cyclic tertiary amine 1 is added into solvents, and heating reactionis performed in the presence of oxidizing agent, cupric salt, potassium hydrogen persulfate compound salt (Oxone) and oxygen mixture, additives, elementary iodine or iodated metal salt and the like to obtain pyrrolidone 2. According to the method, a pyrrolidone compound is synthesized by cascade reaction of oxidization retraction, decarbonylation and in-situ oxidization of saturated cyclic tertiary amine compounds, the method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, mild conditions, wide substrate application range and the like, and an economical, practical, green and environment-friendly novel method is provided for synthesis of the pyrrolidone compound.
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Paragraph 0051-0053
(2019/03/08)
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- COMPOUNDS FOR USING IN IMAGING AND PARTICULARLY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
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The invention relates to compounds of formula (II) for using in imaging and particularly for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases
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Paragraph 0872; 0873; 0874
(2019/07/23)
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- Aluminium Chloride-Mediated Synthesis of 1-Chloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethylidene-Substituted Pyrrolidones
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An aluminium chloride-mediated cascade reaction between pyrrolidones and trifluoroacetic anhydride is reported. Functionally diverse 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene-substituted pyrrolidones were obtained in moderate to high yields through electrophilic trifluoroacetylation, nucleophilic chlorination, and elimination. This procedure has a wide scope, good functional-group tolerance and the reaction conditions are amenable to scale up. Additionally the obtained 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene products can be applied to further functionalization as trifluoromethyl-containing building blocks. Some of the title compounds showed fungicidal activity against cucumber downy mildew (CDM). (Figure presented.).
- Wang, Zeng,Yuan, Zihang,Han, Xiaoyan,Weng, Zhiqiang
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supporting information
p. 2178 - 2182
(2018/04/25)
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- A para-C–H Functionalization of Aniline Derivatives via In situ Generated Bulky Hypervalent Iodinium Reagents
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A practical para-C-H functionalization of aniline derivatives has been developed using an in situ generated bulky hypervalent iodinium reagent. Para-iodo, bromo, chloro, nitro, trifluormethyl aniline derivatives can be obtained efficiently, in many cases in 10 min in a transition metal-free manner. Medicinal chemicals or intermediates can be purified without column chromatography or recrystallization, which significantly reduces the waste and simplifies the work-up process.
- Tian, Chao,Yao, Xu,Ji, Weizhe,Wang, Qian,An, Guanghui,Li, Guangming
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supporting information
p. 5972 - 5979
(2018/11/23)
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- Chemoselective Copper-Catalyzed Ullmann-Type Coupling of Oxazolidinones with Bromoiodoarenes
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We describe the highly selective copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of bromoiodoarenes with oxazolidinones. 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me4Phen) was identified as an optimal ligand promoting the desired C-N bond formation, while minimizing the competitive bromo-iodo exchange pathway that leads to formation of iodo-substituted and bis-coupled side products. The developed method is highly selective with a >98:2 ratio of the bromo- vs iodo-substituted compounds obtained in the isolated products.
- Kelly, Sean M.,Han, Chong,Tung, Laura,Gosselin, Francis
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supporting information
p. 3021 - 3024
(2017/06/07)
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- Cathepsin K inhibitor and application thereof
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The invention relates to a cathepsin K inhibitor and an application thereof, and specifically, relates to a compound and a drug composition thereof used for treating or preventing cathepsin dependence diseases, and the compound and the composition containing the compound can be used as a bone resorption inhibitor to treat relevant diseases. The cathepsin includes but is not limited to cathepsin K.
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Paragraph 0188; 0189
(2017/08/30)
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- Combining Eosin y with Selectfluor: A Regioselective Brominating System for Para-Bromination of Aniline Derivatives
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A mild, metal-free, and absolutely para-selective bromination of aniline derivatives has been developed in excellent yields, wherein the organic dye Eosin Y is employed as the bromine source in company with Selectfluor. Neither air nor moisture sensitive, this facile reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature and completes within a short time. Mechanistic studies indicate a radical pathway; therefore, the existence of an in situ generated brominating reagent, "Selectbrom", is postulated, which may reasonably account for the unique regioselectivity for the para-bromination of N-acyl- as well as N-sulfonylanilines.
- Huang, Binbin,Zhao, Yating,Yang, Chao,Gao, Yuan,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information
p. 3799 - 3802
(2017/07/26)
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- LACTAMS AS INHIBITORS OF ROCK
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein all the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are selective ROCK inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treating cardiovascular, smooth muscle, oncologic, neuropathologic, autoimmune, fibrotic, and/or inflammatory disorders using the same.
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- Cyclization of N-arylcyclopropanecarboxamides into N-arylpyrrolidin-2-ones under electron ionization and in the condensed phase
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Rationale: Mass spectrometry is known as an excellent method to predict the behavior of organic compounds in solution. The behavior of organic compounds in the gas phase inside the ion source of a mass spectrometer allows their intrinsic properties to be defined, avoiding the influence of intermolecular interactions, counter ions and solvent effects. Methods: Arylpyrrolidin-2-ones were obtained by condensed-phase synthesis from the corresponding N-arylcyclopropanecarboxamides. Electron ionization (EI) with accurate mass measurements by high-resolution time-of-flight mass-spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations were used to understand the behavior of the molecular radical cations of N-arylcyclopropanecarboxamides and N-arylpyrrolidin-2-ones in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The geometries of the molecules, transition states, and intermediates were fully optimized using DFT-PBE calculations. Results: Fragmentation schemes, ion structures, and possible mechanisms of primary isomerisation were proposed for isomeric N-arylcyclopropanecarboxamides and N-arylpyrrolidin-2-ones. Based on the fragmentation pattern of the N-arylcyclopropanecarboxamides, isomerisation of the original M+? ions into the M+? ions of the N-arylpyrrolidin-2-ones was shown to be only a minor process. In contrast, this cyclization proceeds easily in the condensed phase in the presence of Br?nsted acids. Conclusions: Based on the experimental data and quantum chemical calculations the principal mechanism of decomposition of the molecular ions of N-arylcyclopropanecarboxamides involves their direct fragmentation without any rearrangements. An alternative mechanism is responsible for the isomerisation of a small portion of the higher energy molecular ions into the corresponding N-arylpyrrolidin-2-one ions. Copyright
- Lebedev, A. T.,Mazur, D. M.,Kudelin, A. I.,Fedotov, A. N.,Gloriozov, I. P.,Ustynyuk, Yu. A.,Artaev, V. B.
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p. 2416 - 2422
(2016/10/22)
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- CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ACTING AS PERK INHIBITORS
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The invention is directed to substituted pyrrolidinone derivatives. Specifically, the invention is directed to compounds according to Formula X: wherein R41, R42, R43, R44, R45, R46, and R47 are defined herein. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of PERK and can be useful in the treatment of cancer and diseases associated with activated unfolded protein response pathways, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, diabetes, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease, and related prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myocardial infarction, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, and arrhythmias, more specifically cancers of the breast, colon, pancreas and lung. Accordingly, the invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention. The invention is still further directed to methods of inhibiting PERK activity and treatment of disorders associated therewith using a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.
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Page/Page column 140
(2015/10/05)
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- Bromination of arenes using I2O5-KBr in water
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An efficient and environmentally benign bromination of various aromatic compounds using aN aqueous I2O5-KBr system at room temperature has been developed in this work. A series of aromatic compounds such as acetophenones, benzaldehydes, benzoic acids, anilines, amides, and aminopyridine have been successfully brominated in excellent regioselectivities and good yields under the typical reaction conditions. The features of KBr as brominating reagent, water as solvent, and mild conditions make this system an attractive synthetic procedure. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
- Hou, Jieping,Li, Zejiang,Jia, Xiao-Dong,Liu, Zhong-Quan
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supporting information
p. 181 - 187
(2013/12/04)
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- Heterogeneous CuII-catalysed solvent-controlled selective N-arylation of cyclic amides and amines with bromo-iodoarenes
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A selective N-arylation of cyclic amides and amines in DMF and water, respectively, catalysed by CuII/Al2O3 has been achieved. This protocol has been employed for the synthesis of a library of arenes bearing a cyclic amide and an amine moiety at two ends, including a few scaffolds of therapeutic importance. The mechanism has been established based on detailed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) studies of the catalyst at different stages of the reaction. The CuII/Al2O 3 catalyst was recovered and recycled for subsequent reactions. One over the other: A selective N-arylation of cyclic amides and amines in DMF and water, respectively, catalyzed by CuII/Al2O3 has been achieved (see scheme). This protocol has been employed for the synthesis of a library of arenes bearing cyclic amide and amine moieties at two ends including a few scaffolds of therapeutic importance. The mechanism has been established based on detailed spectroscopic studies (FG=functional group). Copyright
- Kundu, Debasish,Bhadra, Sukalyan,Mukherjee, Nirmalya,Sreedhar, Bojja,Ranu, Brindaban C.
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p. 15759 - 15768
(2013/11/19)
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- INDOLE AND INDAZOLE COMPOUNDS THAT ACTIVATE AMPK
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The present invention relates to indole and indazole compounds of Formula (I) that activate 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods for treating or preventing diseases, conditions, or disorders ameliorated by activation of AMPK.
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Paragraph 0999
(2013/10/22)
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- Copper(I) complexes with trispyrazolylmethane ligands: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity in cross-coupling reactions
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Three novel Cu(I) complexes bearing tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands, Tpmx, have been prepared from reactions of equimolar amounts of CuI and the ligands Tpm, (HC(pz)3), Tpm, (HC(3,5-Me2-pz) 3), and TpmMs, (HC(3-Ms-pz)3). X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the Tpm and TpmMs derivatives exhibit a 2:1 Cu:ligand ratio, whereas the Tpm* complex is a mononuclear species in nature. The latter has been employed as a precatalyst in the arylation of amides and aromatic thiols with good activity. The synthesis of a TpmCu(I)-phthalimidate, a feasible intermediate in this catalytic process, has also been performed. Low temperature 1H NMR studies in CDCl 3 have indicated that this complex exists in solution as a mixture of two, neutral and ionic forms. Conductivity measurements have reinforced this proposal, the ionic form predominating in a very polar solvent such as DMSO. The reaction of TpmCu(I)-phthalimidate with iodobenzene afforded the expected C-N coupling product in 76% yield accounting for its role as an intermediate in this transformation.
- Haldon, Estela,Alvarez, Eleuterio,Nicasio, M. Carmen,Perez, Pedro J.
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experimental part
p. 8298 - 8306
(2012/09/22)
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- Copper-catalyzed N-arylation of amides using (S)-N-methylpyrrolidine-2- carboxylate as the ligand
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(S)-N-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate, a derivative of natural L-proline, was found to be an efficient ligand for the copper-catalyzed Goldberg-type N-arylation of amides with aryl halides under mild conditions. A variety of N-arylamides were synthesized in good to high yields.
- Wang, Chaoyu,Liu, Lijuan,Wang, Wei,Ma, Dong-Sheng,Zhang, Hua
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experimental part
p. 1154 - 1160
(2010/06/13)
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- Solvent-free aromatic C-H functionalisation/halogenation reactions
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The solvent-free, palladium-catalysed reaction of anilides with CuCl 2 in the presence or absence of copper acetate yields ortho-chlorinated anilides in good to excellent yields, even on a large scale (100 mmol). By contrast, the equivalent reactions with copper bromide, either solvent free or in 1,2-dichloroethane, in the presence or absence of palladium, under air or inert conditions, gave the products of simple electrophilic bromination. Mechanistic studies highlighted the involvement of palladacyclic intermediates, one of which was characterised crystallographically, which undergo subsequent reaction with copper(ii) chloride to yield the chlorinated anilide products.
- Bedford, Robin B.,Engelhart, Jens U.,Haddow, Mairi F.,Mitchell, Charlotte J.,Webster, Ruth L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 10464 - 10472
(2011/01/05)
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- Copper-catalyzed C-N coupling of amides and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in the presence of cesium fluoride
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The copper-catalyzed C-N coupling of amides to aryl halides usually requires the use of strong alkali metal bases, such as K2CO3, K3PO4, and Cs2CO3, at high temperature. We discovered that
- Phillips, Dean P.,Zhu, Xue-Feng,Lau, Thomas L.,He, Xiaohui,Yang, Kunyong,Liu, Hong
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7293 - 7296
(2010/03/03)
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- A β-keto ester as a novel, efficient, and versatile ligand for copper(I)-catalyzed C-N, C-O, and C-S coupling reactions
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(Formula Presented) Employing ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate as a novel, efficient, and versatile ligand, the copper-catalyzed coupling reactions of various N/O/S nucleophilic reagents with aryl halides could be successfully carried out under mild conditions. A variety of products including N-arylamides, N-arylimidazoles, aryl ethers, and aryl thioethers were synthesized in good to excellent yields.
- Lv, Xin,Bao, Weiliang
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p. 3863 - 3867
(2008/02/02)
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- Scope and selectivity in palladium-catalyzed directed C-H bond halogenation reactions
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Palladium-catalyzed ligand directed C-H activation/halogenation reactions have been extensively explored. Both the nature of the?directing group and the substitution pattern on the arene ring of the substrate lead to different reactivity profiles, and often different and complementary products, in the presence and absence of the catalyst.
- Kalyani, Dipannita,Dick, Allison R.,Anani, Waseem Q.,Sanford, Melanie S.
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p. 11483 - 11498
(2007/10/03)
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- Absolute stereochemical assignment and fluorescence tuning of the small molecule tool, (-)-blebbistatin
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(-)-Blebbistatin (1), a recently discovered small molecule inhibitor of the ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II has been prepared from methyl 5-methylanthranilate (6) in three steps. This flexible synthetic route has also been used to prepare a nitro
- Lucas-Lopez, Cristina,Patterson, Stephen,Blum, Till,Straight, Aaron F.,Toth, Judit,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Mitchison, Timothy J.,Sellers, James R.,Westwood, Nicholas J.
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p. 1736 - 1740
(2007/10/03)
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- Amino acid-mediated Goldberg reactions between amides and aryl iodides
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A highly general, experimentally simple, and inexpensive catalyst system was developed for the amidation of aryl iodides by using 5mol% of CuI as catalyst, 20mol% of an amino acid as ligand, and K3PO4 as base.
- Deng, Wei,Wang, Ye-Feng,Zou, Yan,Liu, Lei,Guo, Qing-Xiang
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p. 2311 - 2315
(2007/10/03)
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- 11,21-BISPHENYL-19-NORPREGNANE DERIVATIVES
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The invention relates to a 11,21-bisphenyl-19-norpregnane derivative of formula I STR1 wherein R 1 is selected from H, halogen, (1-6C) alkoxy, and NR 5 R 6, R 5 and R 6 being independently hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl or R 5 and R 6 together are (3-6C) alkylen
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