- Synthesis of novel solid acidic ionic liquid polymer and its catalytic activities
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The novel solid acidic ionic liquid polymer has been synthesized through the copolymerization of acidic ionic liquid oligomers and resorcinol- formaldehyde (RF resin). The catalytic activities were investigated through the acetalization. The results showed that the PIL was very efficient for the reactions with the average yield over 99.0%. The procedure was quite simple with just one-step to complete both the reactions. The high hydrophobic BET surface, high catalytic activities and high stability gave the PIL great potential for green chemical processes. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013.
- Liang, Xuezheng
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p. 724 - 729
(2014/01/23)
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- Synthesis of a novel ionic liquid with both Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites and its catalytic activities
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The novel ionic liquid with both Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites has been synthesized and its catalytic activities for acetalization and Michael addition were investigated carefully. The novel ionic liquid was stable to water and could be used in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the molar ratio of the Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites could be adjusted according to different reactions. The results showed that the novel ionic liquid was very efficient for the traditional acid-catalyzed reactions with good to excellent yields in short time.
- Liang, Xuezheng,Qi, Chenze
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experimental part
p. 808 - 812
(2012/01/04)
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- Identification of 1,3-dioxanes and 1,3-dioxolanes as malodorous compounds at trace levels in river water, groundwater, and tap water
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A study of organic compounds imparting odor problems in river waters and groundwaters has been conducted. The Tordera aquifer located in Barcelona and Girona (NE Spain) is the water supply reserve for many seasonally crowded villages on the coast. Closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) and flavor profile analysis (FPA) have been employed as analytical tools to identify the compounds responsible for the odor complaints. The feasibility of purge-and- trap (P and T) has also been evaluated. The 2-alkyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanes and 2-alkyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolanes were the most significant compounds identified in river water and groundwater with a threshold odor of 10 ng/L for 2-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane (2EDD), the most malodorous compound. The analyses were carried out by HRGC/MS, and the synthesized 1,3-dioxanes and dioxolanes were characterized by CI-MS and EI-MS/MS techniques. A company, currently manufacturing saturated and unsaturated polyester resins, located in the upper course of the river, produced these compounds as byproducts during the synthesis of resins. The pollution by dioxanes and dioxolanes affected all the aquifer and slowly diminished to the ppt levels when the company was forced to correctly treat their wastewaters. Additional examples of the presence of dioxanes and dioxolanes in wastewaters of other resin plants and also tap water of Barcelona are shown. A study of organic compounds imparting odor problems in river waters and groundwaters has been conducted. The Tordera aquifer located in Barcelona and Girona (NE Spain) is the water supply reserve for many seasonally crowded villages on the coast. Closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) and flavor profile analysis (FPA) have been employed as analytical tools to identify the compounds responsible for the odor complaints. The feasibility of purge-and-trap (P&T) has also been evaluated. The 2-alkyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanes and 2-alkyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolanes were the most significant compounds identified in river water and groundwater with a threshold odor of 10 ng/L for 2-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane (2EDD), the most malodorous compound. The analyses were carried out by HRGC/MS, and the synthesized 1,3-dioxanes and dioxolanes were characterized by CI-MS and EI-MS/MS techniques. A company, currently manufacturing saturated and unsaturated polyester resins, located in the upper course of the river, produced these compounds as byproducts during the synthesis of resins. The pollution by dioxanes and dioxolanes affected all the aquifer and slowly diminished to the ppt levels when the company was forced to correctly treat their wastewaters. Additional examples of the presence of dioxanes and dioxolanes in wastewaters of other resin plants and also tap water of Barcelona are shown.
- Romero, Jordi,Ventura, Francesc,Caixach, Josep,Rivera, Josep,Gode, Llui Xavier,Ninerola, Josep Ma.
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p. 206 - 216
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and stereochemistry of substituted 1,3-dioxa-2-Silacyclohexanes. V. Substituted 2-chloro-1,3-dioxa-2-silacyclohexanes
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The possibility of synthesis of alkyl(phenyl)-2-chloro-1,3-dioxa-2-silacyclohexanes from the corresponding 1,3-dioles and chlorosilanes was shown. The influence of reaction conditions and the structure of the starting reagents on the yield of silicon-containing acetals was demonstrated. The reaction of the obtained compounds with aldehydes and ketones, resulting in substituted 1,3-dioxanes, was studied. The structure of the resulting compounds was proved by NMR spectroscopy.
- Gvozdik,Gal'chenko,Musavirov
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p. 784 - 787
(2007/10/03)
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- Aldehydes, tert. Amines or Acetales from Amidacetales and Grignard-Compounds
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Amidacetales 1 or -mercaptales 9 respectively react with Grignard-agents dependent on molar ratio by exchange of methoxy- or methylthio group via not isolable O,N- or S,N-acetales to the corresponding aldehydes 4 or the tert. amines 3.Starting from bicyclic amidacetales 6 aldehydes or bis-β-hydroxyethylamines 8 are formed.By quarternisation of the amidacetal-nitrogen followed by reaction with Grignard-agents the corresponding O,O-acetales are formed.
- Walther, H.,Haase, L.,Gross, H.,Costisella, B.,Keitel, I.
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p. 902 - 908
(2007/10/02)
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