- Dual Parasiticidal Activities of Phthalimides: Synthesis and Biological Profile against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum
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Chagas disease and malaria are two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical regions in 149 countries. Chagas is also present in Europe, the US and Australia due to immigration of asymptomatic infected individuals. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the control of both diseases relies on chemotherapy. However, the emergence of parasite drug resistance is rendering currently available drugs obsolete. Hence, it is crucial to develop new molecules. Phthalimides, thiosemicarbazones, and 1,3-thiazoles have been used as scaffolds to obtain antiplasmodial and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Herein we present the synthesis of 24 phthalimido-thiosemicarbazones (3 a–x) and 14 phthalimido-thiazoles (4 a–n) and the corresponding biological activity against T. cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibition of T. cruzi at low cytotoxic concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compounds, 3 t (IC50=3.60 μM), 3 h (IC50=3.75 μM), and 4 j (IC50=4.48 μM), were more active than the control drug benznidazole (IC50=14.6 μM). Overall, the phthalimido-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were more potent than phthalimido-thiazole derivatives against T. cruzi. Flow cytometry assay data showed that compound 4 j was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with compounds 3 h, 3 t, and 4 j at IC50 concentrations promoted changes in the shape, flagella, and surface of the parasite body similar to those observed in benznidazole-treated cells. The compounds with the highest antimalarial activity were the phthalimido-thiazoles 4 l (IC50=1.2 μM), 4 m (IC50=1.7 μM), and 4 n (IC50=2.4 μM). Together, these data revealed that phthalimido derivatives possess a dual antiparasitic profile with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
- Teixeira de Moraes Gomes, Paulo André,Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso, Marcos,dos Santos, Ignes Regina,Amaro de Sousa, Fabiano,da Concei??o, Juliana Maria,Gouveia de Melo Silva, Vanessa,Duarte, Denise,Pereira, Raquel,Oliveira, Rafael,Nogueira, Fátima,Alves, Luiz Carlos,Brayner, Fabio André,da Silva Santos, Aline Caroline,Rêgo Alves Pereira, Valéria,Lima Leite, Ana Cristina
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p. 2164 - 2175
(2020/10/21)
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- Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C?H Benzylic Hydroxylations
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Chemical transformations that install heteroatoms into C?H bonds are of significant interest because they streamline the construction of value-added small molecules. Direct C?H oxyfunctionalization, or the one step conversion of a C?H bond to a C?O bond, could be a highly enabling transformation due to the prevalence of the resulting enantioenriched alcohols in pharmaceuticals and natural products,. Here we report a single-flask photoredox/enzymatic process for direct C?H hydroxylation that proceeds with broad reactivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This unified strategy advances general photoredox and enzymatic catalysis synergy and enables chemoenzymatic processes for powerful and selective oxidative transformations.
- Betori, Rick C.,May, Catherine M.,Scheidt, Karl A.
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p. 16490 - 16494
(2019/11/03)
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- Convergent routes to substituted naphthylamides
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Practical, convergent routes to variously substituted 1- and 2-naphthylamides have been developed. They exploit the ability of xanthates to undergo both intermolecular radical additions to vinyl pivalate and intramolecular radical cyclisations to aromatic
- Tran, Ngoc Diem My,Zard, Samir Z.
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p. 3251 - 3264
(2014/05/06)
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- Switching reversibility to irreversibility in glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors: Clues for specific design of new compounds
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Development of kinase-targeted therapies for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is a great challenge. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) offers a great potential for severe CNS unmet diseases, being one of the inhibitors on clinical trials for different tauopathies. Following our hypothesis based on the enhanced reactivity of residue Cys199 in the binding site of GSK-3, we examine here the suitability of phenylhalomethylketones as irreversible inhibitors. Our data confirm that the halomethylketone unit is essential for the inhibitory activity. Moreover, addition of the halomethylketone moiety to reversible inhibitors turned them into irreversible inhibitors with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Overall, the results point out that these compounds might be useful pharmacological tools to explore physiological and pathological processes related to signaling pathways regulated by GSK-3 opening new avenues for the discovery of novel GSK-3 inhibitors.
- Perez, Daniel I.,Palomo, Valle,Pérez, Concepción,Gil, Carmen,Dans, Pablo D.,Luque, F. Javier,Conde, Santiago,Martínez, Ana
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experimental part
p. 4042 - 4056
(2011/08/05)
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- Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized ketones
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A novel catalytic system for asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized ketones has been developed using a Pd/bisphosphine complex as the catalyst in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. The reaction exhibits high enantioselectivity, and
- Wang, You-Qing,Lu, Sheng-Mei,Zhou, Yong-Gui
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p. 3235 - 3238
(2007/10/03)
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- Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-phthalimide ketones and 1,3-diaryl diketones using 4,4′-substituted BINAPs
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A family of tunable precatalysts [NH 2Et2][{Ru(4,4′-BINAP)Cl}2(μ-Cl) 3] was synthesized and used for highly enantioselective hydrogenation of phthalimide-protected amino ketones and
- Hu, Aiguo,Lin, Wenbin
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p. 455 - 458
(2007/10/03)
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- Highly Enantioselective Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Phthalimide Ketone: An Efficient Entry to Enantiomerically Pure Amino Alcohols
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A new type of α-phthalimide ketones was hydrogenated in excellent enantioselectivity by using a Ru-(C3-TunePhos) complex as the catalyst. Up to 10000 turnovers have been achieved in more than 99% ee in the hydrogenation reaction. A dynamic kinetic resolution study for the synthesis of threonine was performed, and high anti selectivity (>97:3) was observed for the first time. An efficient method to synthesize enantiomerically pure amino alcohols has been developed. Copyright
- Lei, Aiwen,Wu, Shulin,He, Minsheng,Zhang, Xumu
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p. 1626 - 1627
(2007/10/03)
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