- An efficient ruthenium tris(bipyridine)-based luminescent chemosensor for recognition of Cu(ii) and sulfide anion in water
-
A novel efficient luminescent chemosensor based on a 1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen)-tethered Ru(bpy)32+ derivative (Ru-cyclen) has been synthesized and characterized. It displays an ON-OFF-type luminescence change with excellent selectivity towards Cu(ii) amongst 16 metal ions in 100% aqueous solution. The binding stoichiometry of Ru-cyclen with Cu2+ was established by Job plot analysis and mass spectral evidence. Furthermore, the in situ generated Ru-cyclen-Cu ensemble recovered luminescence in the presence of S2-, indicating an 'OFF-ON'-type sensing process. Similar phenomena were not observed with other common anions and biothiols, making it a high selective sulfide probe. Finally, the sensing mechanism is confirmed to be displacement approach by NMR, mass and emission spectrometry.
- Li, Minna,Liang, Qichao,Zheng, Meiqing,Fang, Chenjie,Peng, Shiqi,Zhao, Ming
-
-
Read Online
- Mechanochemical Release of Non-Covalently Bound Guests from a Polymer-Decorated Supramolecular Cage
-
Supramolecular coordination cages show a wide range of useful properties including, but not limited to, complex molecular machine-like operations, confined space catalysis, and rich host–guest chemistries. Here we report the uptake and release of non-covalently encapsulated, pharmaceutically-active cargo from an octahedral Pd cage bearing polymer chains on each vertex. Six poly(ethylene glycol)-decorated bipyridine ligands are used to assemble an octahedral PdII6(TPT)4 cage. The supramolecular container encapsulates progesterone and ibuprofen within its hydrophobic nanocavity and is activated by shear force produced by ultrasonication in aqueous solution entailing complete cargo release upon rupture, as shown by NMR and GPC analyses.
- G?stl, Robert,Küng, Robin,Pausch, Tobias,Rasch, Dustin,Schmidt, Bernd M.
-
supporting information
p. 13626 - 13630
(2021/05/10)
-
- Multi-stimuli Photo and Redox-active Nanostructured Mesoporous Silica Films on Transparent Electrodes
-
Silica matrices hosting transition metal guest complexes may offer remarkable platforms for the development of advanced functional devices. We report here the elaboration of ordered and vertically oriented mesoporous silica thin films containing covalently attached tris(bipyridine)iron derivatives using a combination of electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method and Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. Such a versatile approach is primarily used to bind nitrogen-based chelating ligands such as (4-[(2-propyn-1-yloxy)]4’-methyl-2,2’-bypiridine, bpy’) inside the nanochannels. Further derivatization of the bpy’-functionalized silica thin films is then achieved via a subsequent in-situ complexation step to generate [Fe(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+ inside the mesopore channels. After giving spectroscopic evidences for the presence of such complexes in the functionalized film, electrochemistry is used to transform the confined diamagnetic (S=0) (Formula presented.) species to paramagnetic (S=1/2) oxidized (Formula presented.) species in a reversible way, while blue light irradiation (λ=470 nm) enables populating the short-lived paramagnetic (S=2) (Formula presented.) excited state. [Fe(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+-functionalized ordered films are therefore both electro- and photo-active through the manipulation of the oxidation state and spin state of the confined complexes, paving the way for their integration in optoelectronic devices.
- Ahoulou, Samuel,Vilà, Neus,Pillet, Sébastien,Carteret, Cédric,Schaniel, Dominik,Walcarius, Alain
-
p. 2464 - 2477
(2021/10/30)
-
- Adjusting the lipid-water distribution coefficient of iridium(iii) complexes to enhance the cellular penetration and treatment efficacy to antagonize cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer
-
The effective design of metal complexes to manipulate their lipid-water distribution coefficient is an appealing strategy for improving their cellular penetration and treatment efficacy. Here, we conveniently synthesized three iridium (Ir) complexes with red fluorescence via the simple non-conjugate modification of the side arm of the ligand. Bio-evaluation revealed that upon adding non-conjugate selenium (Se) arene derivatives, the lipid-water distribution coefficient of Ir-Se was found to be suitable, not only decreasing the toxic side effects of complexes to normal cells, but also effectively improving their anticancer activity via enhancing their penetration into tumor cells. Moreover, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that Ir-Se entered R-HeLa cells through endocytosis, and triggered apoptosis via the down-regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive production of singlet oxygen, thereby possessing a highly effective cytotoxicity to antagonize cisplatin resistance. Therefore, we developed a convenient strategy to derive functional metal complexes and revealed that the introduction of Se on the side arm of the ligand provided the complexes with the capacity to reverse multidrug resistance.
- Chen, Tianfeng,Chen, Zhen,Feng, Pengju,Hou, Liyuan,Huang, Wei,Li, Yiqun
-
supporting information
p. 11556 - 11564
(2020/09/07)
-
- Light-Activated Electron Transfer and Turnover in Ru-Modified Aldehyde Deformylating Oxygenases
-
Conversion of biological molecules into fuels or other useful chemicals is an ongoing chemical challenge. One class of enzymes that has received attention for such applications is aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) enzymes. These enzymes convert aliphatic aldehydes to the alkanes and formate. In this work, we prepared and investigated ADO enzymes modified with RuII(tris-diimine) photosensitizers as a starting point for probing intramolecular electron transfer events. Three variants were prepared, with RuII-modification at the wild type (WT) residue C70, at the R62C site in one mutant ADO, and at both C62 and C70 in a second mutant ADO protein. The single-site modification of WT ADO at C70 using a cysteine-reactive label is an important observation and opens a way forward for new studies of electron flow, mechanism, and redox catalysis in ADO. These Ru-ADO constructs can perform the ADO catalytic cycle in the presence of light and a sacrificial reductant. In this work, the Ru photosensitizer serves as a tethered, artificial reductase that promotes turnover of aldehyde substrates with different carbon chain lengths. Peroxide side products were detected for shorter chain aldehydes, concomitant with less productive turnover. Analysis using semiclassical electron transfer theory supports proposals for hopping pathway for electron flow in WT ADO and in our new Ru-ADO proteins.
- Bains, Rajneesh K.,Miller, Jessica J.,Van Der Roest, Hannah K.,Qu, Sheng,Lute, Brad,Warren, Jeffrey J.
-
p. 8211 - 8217
(2018/07/25)
-
- Effect of ligand sequence-specific modification on DNA hybrid catalysis
-
Development of a stereoselective asymmetric catalytic system with high conversion is the key to success for acquiring chiral materials. In recent years, DNA hybrid catalysts have attracted significant interest due to their excellent abilities in accelerat
- Zhou,Chen,Bai,Sun,Li,Qiao
-
p. 6738 - 6745
(2017/08/22)
-
- Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Bipyridine–Phenylboronic Acid Complexes as Bioimaging Reagents and Luminescent Probes for Sialic Acids
-
Sialic acids play important roles in mammalian development, cell–cell attachment, and signaling. As cancer cells utilize their overexpressed sialylated antigens to propagate metastases, the development of probes for sialic acids is of high importance. Herein, we report three luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) bipyridine complexes bearing a phenylboronic acid (PBA) moiety. Spectrophotometric titrations revealed that the PBA complexes displayed higher binding affinity for the most common sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) compared with simple sugars that are commonly found on glycoproteins. Notably, cellular imaging and uptake experiments showed that the PBA complexes were able to recognize cellular sialic acid residues, resulting in more efficient uptake than the boronic acid-free analogs. Additionally, one of the PBA complexes was shown to discriminate between cancerous and noncancerous cells.
- Liu, Hua-Wei,Law, Wendell Ho-Tin,Lee, Lawrence Cho-Cheung,Lau, Jonathan Chun-Wai,Lo, Kenneth Kam-Wing
-
p. 1545 - 1556
(2017/07/11)
-
- Ion Pair-Directed Regiocontrol in Transition-Metal Catalysis: A Meta-Selective C-H Borylation of Aromatic Quaternary Ammonium Salts
-
The use of noncovalent interactions to direct transition-metal catalysis is a potentially powerful yet relatively underexplored strategy, with most investigations thus far focusing on using hydrogen bonds as the controlling element. We have developed an ion pair-directed approach to controlling regioselectivity in the iridium-catalyzed borylation of two classes of aromatic quaternary ammonium salts, leading to versatile meta-borylated products. By examining a range of substituted substrates, this provides complex, functionalized aromatic scaffolds amenable to rapid diversification and more broadly demonstrates the viability of ion-pairing for control of regiochemistry in transition-metal catalysis.
- Davis, Holly J.,Mihai, Madalina T.,Phipps, Robert J.
-
supporting information
p. 12759 - 12762
(2016/10/13)
-
- Artificial photosynthesis dendrimers integrating light-harvesting, electron delivery and hydrogen production
-
A series of artificial photosynthesis complexes, Gn-Ir-Hy (n = 1-4), were constructed by attaching iridium complexes and [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase mimic to the periphery and core, respectively, of poly(aryl ether) dendrimers of different generations. The iridium complexes act as the light-harvesting antennae and the hydrogenase mimic core is the catalytic center. Light-harvesting, photoinduced electron-transfer, and hydrogen photochemical production were hierarchically realized within the dendritic photosynthesis mimics using triethylamine as the sacrificial electron donor. The catalytic activity is enhanced as the generation of dendritic catalysts increases, and the turnover number for generation 4 is nearly 4 times more than that of generation 1. The peripheral antennae not only harvest photons but also act as electronic energy reservoirs for the photochemical production, which facilitates the catalytic process together with the increased light-harvesting and protection effects of dendritic frameworks. Therefore, efficient artificial photosynthesis systems with complete light-harvesting and catalytic functions can be advanced with such rational design.
- Xun, Zhiqing,Yu, Tianjun,Zeng, Yi,Chen, Jinping,Zhang, Xiaohui,Yang, Guoqiang,Li, Yi
-
supporting information
p. 12965 - 12971
(2015/06/25)
-
- Palladium metal nanoparticles stabilized by ionophilic ligands in ionic liquids: Synthesis and application in hydrogenation reactions
-
The reduction of [Pd(acac)(COD)]BF4 (acac = acetylacetonate; COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), dissolved in BMI·BF4, in the presence of P- or N-containing ionophilic ligands by H2 yields "soluble" and stable [Pd(0)]n nanoparticles (NPs). These ionic liquid soluble NPs are active and selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1,3-dienes and alkynes under mild reaction conditions. Selectivities up to 87% to cis-2-pentene and 95% conversion were obtained using Pd NPs modified with 1-(3-(diphenylphosphino)propyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium N-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
- Leal, Brbara C.,Consorti, Crestina S.,Machado, Giovanna,Dupont, Jairton
-
p. 903 - 909
(2015/02/19)
-
- Layered γ-zirconium phosphate intercalated with Ru(bpy)3-viologen dyads as unusual materials for dye-sensitised solar cells: Improving efficiency by double sensitisation
-
The intercalation materials prepared from the laminar salt α-zirconium phosphate and various dyads formed from Ru (bpy)3 and viologens were tested as photoactive components in dye-sensitised solar cells. The efficiencies significantly increased, up to 0.2 %, when the materials were treated with the panchromatic N535 dye. A mechanism for this double sensitisation process is proposed, which should enable further improvement of these α-ZrP-based materials as a reasonable alternative to the usual Ti-based dye-sensitised solar cells. CSIRO 2014.
- De Victoria-Rodriguez, Maria,Atienzar, Pedro,Juanes, Olga,Rodriguez-Ubis, Juan Carlos,Brunet, Ernesto,Garcia, Hermenegildo
-
p. 389 - 397
(2014/04/03)
-
- Immobilization of catalysts in poly(p-xylylene) nanotubes
-
This paper describes the immobilization of a TEMPO-derivative and a copper catalyst in ethinyl-functionalized poly(p-xylylene) nanotubes which are readily prepared by the Tubes by Fiber Templates (TUFT) process. Catalyst conjugation to the nanotubes is achieved via the Cu-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The TEMPO-functionalized nanotubes are successfully used as recyclable catalysts for oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Recycling studies show that the TEMPO-modified nanotubes can be reused 20 times without loss of catalytic activity. Conjugation of the nanotubes with a bipyridine moiety provides a material that allows for immobilization of metal catalysts. Treatment with a Cu(i)-salt leads to a hybrid material, which shows high activity as a recyclable catalyst in the CuAAC. Recycling experiments reveal that these Cu-nanotubes can be reused for 18 runs.
- Hepperle, Johannes A.M.,Mitschang, Fabian,Bier, Anna K.,Dettlaff, Barbara K.,Greiner, Andreas,Studer, Armido
-
p. 25976 - 25981
(2013/12/04)
-
- Bifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles as cooperative catalysts for the Tsuji-Trost reaction-tuning the reactivity of silica nanoparticles
-
Bifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) bearing Pd-complexes and additional basic sites were prepared and tested as cooperative active catalysts in the Tsuji-Trost allylation of ethyl acetoacetate. Functionalization of the MSNs was realized by postmodification using click-chemistry. The selectivity of mono versus double allylation was achieved by control of reaction temperature and the nature of the catalyst.
- Dickschat, Arne T.,Behrends, Frederik,Surmiak, Sabrina,Wei?, Mark,Eckert, Hellmut,Studer, Armido
-
p. 2195 - 2197
(2013/03/29)
-
- Synthesis and spectral properties of ruthenium(II) complexes based on 2,2′-bipyridines modified by a perylene chromophore
-
Five new 2,2′-bipyridines functionalized with a perylene or a perylenediimide moiety were synthesized and the corresponding heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(L)](PF6)2; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl, L = perylene-substituted bpy ligand) were prepared. The UV-vis spectra of the ruthenium(II) complexes showed red-shifted and intense absorption bands derived from the conjugated structure of the new ligands.
- Kodama, Koichi,Kobayashi, Akinori,Hirose, Takuji
-
p. 5514 - 5517
(2013/09/23)
-
- Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO using rhenium bipyridine platforms containing ancillary phenyl or BODIPY moieties
-
Harnessing of solar energy to drive the reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels requires the development of efficient catalysts that absorb sunlight. In this work, we detail the synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical properties of a set of homologous fac-ReI(CO)3 complexes containing either an ancillary phenyl (8) or BODIPY (12) substituent. These studies demonstrate that both the electronic properties of the rhenium center and BODIPY chromophore are maintained for these complexes. Photolysis studies demonstrate that both assemblies 8 and 12 are competent catalysts for the photochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in dimethylformamide (DMF) using triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial reductant. Both compounds 8 and 12 display turnover frequencies (TOFs) for photocatalytic CO production upon irradiation with light (λex ≥ 400 nm) of ~5 h -1 with turnover number (TON) values of approximately 20. Although structural and photophysical measurements demonstrate that electronic coupling between the BODIPY and fac-ReI(CO)3 units is limited for complex 12, this work clearly shows that the photoactive BODIPY moiety is tolerated during catalysis and does not interfere with the observed photochemistry. When taken together, these results provide a clear roadmap for the development of advanced rhenium bipyridine complexes bearing ancillary BODIPY groups for the efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using visible light.
- Andrade, Gabriel A.,Pistner, Allen J.,Yap, Glenn P. A.,Lutterman, Daniel A.,Rosenthal, Joel
-
p. 1685 - 1692
(2013/09/02)
-
- Saccharide sensing molecules having enhanced fluorescent properties
-
The present invention provides formulae for fluorescent compounds that have a number of properties which make them uniquely suited for use in sensors of analytes such as saccharides. The advantageous fluorescent properties include favorable excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, fluorescence lifetimes, and photostability. Additional advantageous properties include enhanced aqueous solubility, as well as temperature and pH sensitivity. The compound comprises an aryl or a substituted phenyl botonic acid that acts as a substrate recognition component, a fluorescence switch component, and a fluorophore. Fluorescent compounds are described that are excited at wavelengths greater than 400 nm and emit at wavelengths greater than 450 nm, which is advantageous for optical transmission through skin. The fluorophore is typically selected from transition metal-ligand complexes and thiazine, oxazine, oxazone, or oxazine-one as well as anthracene compounds. The fluorescent compound can be immobilized in a glucose permeable biocompatible polymer matrix that is implantable below the skin.
- -
-
-
- Telechelic poly(ε-caprolactones) with tethered mixed ligand ruthenium(II) chromophores
-
Well-characterized templates of polymer-forming ligands and their ruthenium tris(αα′-diimine) initiators were utilized to divergently ring open an ε-caprolactone monomer. The same polymers were also obtained through the synthesis of quinoline and bipyridine diimine ligands incorporating poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains. These polymers contain vacant molecular recognition sites, enabling subsequent chelation of these macroligands to metal precursors. Both methods provided telechelic (ε-caprolactone) ruthenium(II)-centered polyesters of various hierarchy. Solution properties and thermal behaviour of such polyesters are described.
- Farah, Abdiaziz A.,Pietro, William J.
-
p. 595 - 607
(2007/10/03)
-
- Saccharide sensing molecules having enhanced fluorescent properties
-
The present invention provides formulae for fluorescent compounds that have a number of properties which make them uniquely suited for use in sensors of analytes such as saccharides. The advantageous fluorescent properties include favorable excitation wav
- -
-
-
- Covalently linked ruthenium(II)-manganese(II) complexes: Distance dependence of quenching and electron transfer
-
Continuing our development of artificial models for photosystem II in green plants, a series of compounds have been prepared in which a Ru(bpy)32+ photosensitizer is covalently linked to a manganese(II) electron donor. In addition to a trispicolylamine ligand, two other manganese ligands, dipicolylamine and aminodiacetic acid, have been introduced in order to study ligands that are appropriate for the construction of manganese dimers with open coordination sites for the binding of water. Coordination equilibria of the manganese ions were monitored by EPR. The interactions between the ruthenium and manganese moieties were probed by flash photolysis, cyclic voltammetry and steady-state and time-resolved emission measurements. The quenching of the RuII excited state by MnII was found to be rapid in complexes with short Ru-Mn distances. Nevertheless, each RuII species could be photo-oxidized by bimolecular quenching with methylviologen, and the subsequent electron transfer from MnII to RuIII could be monitored.
- Berg, Katja E.,Tran, Anh,Raymond, Mary Katherine,Abrahamsson, Malin,Wolny, Juliusz,Redon, Sophie,Andersson, Mikael,Sun, Licheng,Styring, Stenbj?rn,Hammarstr?m, Leif,Toftlund, Hans,?kermark, Bj?rn
-
p. 1019 - 1029
(2007/10/03)
-
- Molecular recognition and reactivity of ruthenium(II) bipyridine barbituric acid guests in the presence of complementary hosts: Ruthenium(II) promoted enolization of barbituric acids in guest-host complexes
-
The binding of the host H1 (N,N'-bis(6-pivalamidopyrid-2-yl)-3,5- pyridinedicarboxamide) to three different ruthenium polypyridine complexes with an attached barbituric acid and barbital moieties (RuG1, RuG2, RuG3) (where G1 = 5-[4-(4'-methyl)-2,2'-bipyridylidene]-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)- pyrimidinetrione, G2 = 5-[4-(4'-methyl)-2,2'-bipyridyl]methyl-2,4,6- (1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione, and G3 = 5-ethyl, 5-[4-(4'-methyl)-2,2'- bipyridyl]methyl-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione) and Ru = (4,4'-di-tert- butyl-bpy)2Ru (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) has been studied in chlorinated solvents by NMR and fluorescence titrations. Significant binding was only observed between H1 and the RuG2 series, while steric hindrance significantly diminished binding between H1 and RuG1 or RUG3. The high binding constant for RuG2 was related to the presence of the enolate form of the barbituric acid guest which forms strong H-bonds with the complementary host H1. For the organic barbituric acid and barbital guests, the keto and enol bind only weakly to H1 (K ~ 102 M-1); binding is further increased in the presence of base to generate the enolate. In contrast, formation of the RuG2 enolate occurs upon binding to H1 without any additional base. The ruthenium polypyridine cation (compared to the organic barbituric acid derivatives) facilitates ionization of the enol to enolate thus producing a better complementary H-bonding site between the guest and host. Molecular mechanics calculations confirmed the experimental observations that the enolate has the highest binding constant to the Host H1, while the corresponding enol form has the weakest binding.
- Chin, Teen,Gao, Zhinong,Lelouche, Isabelle,Shin, Yeung-Gyo K.,Purandare, Ashok,Knapp, Spencer,Isied, Stephan S.
-
p. 12849 - 12858
(2007/10/03)
-
- Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Covalently Linked Polypyridine Ruthenium(II)/Osmium(II) Binuclear Complexes. Ru(II)(bpy)2Mebpy(CH2)n-MebpyOs(II)(bpy)2 (n=2, 3, 5, and 7)
-
A novel series of polymethylene-linked heterobinuclear complexes of polypyridine ruthenium(II)/osmium(II) complex Ru(II)(bpy)2Mebpy-(CH2)n-MebpyOs(II)(bpy)2(bpy=2,2'-bipyridine and N=2, 3, 5, and 7), 1, was prepared.The photophysical behavior was examined in various solvents.The emission spectra of 1 (excitation wavelength: 455 nm) showed a nearly complete quenching of Ru(II) -> ?*(bpy) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission and the enhancement of Os(II) -> ?*(bpy) MLCT emission.The luminescence lifetime measurements by a time-correlated single photon-counting method provided evidence that intramolecular energy transfer is a significant pathway for the observed emission quenching.The rate constants of the intramolecular energy transfer in ethanol are 5.3 * 108, 3.3 * 108, 1.3 * 108, and 1.0 * 108 s-1 for 1 (n=2, 3, 5, and 7), respectively.They were found to be proportional to the inverse sixth power on the center-to-center distance of the two complexes.The mechanisms is discussed in terms of the Foerster (a dipole-dipole interaction) mechanism.
- Furue, Masaoki,Yoshidzumi, Toshiyuki,Kinoshita, Shuichi,Kushida, Takashi,Nozakura, Shun-ichi,Kamachi, Mikiharu
-
p. 1632 - 1640
(2007/10/02)
-
- Synthesis of Side-Chain Derivatives of 2,2'-Bipyridine
-
General and varsatile synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of a large variety of 2,2'-bipyridines bearing a single functionalized side chain in the 4-position.
- Ciana, Leopoldo Della,Hamachi, Itaru,Meyer, Thomas J.
-
p. 1731 - 1735
(2007/10/02)
-
- Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Di- and Tri-methylene Linked Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complex Dimers. Ground-Excited State Interaction
-
Di- and tri-methylene-linked Ru(bpy)3(2+) complexes 2 were synthesized.The luminescence properties of 2 were compared with those of its component monomer.In the excited 2 systems, the intermolecular interaction leading to the enhanced quenching or the formation of a new triplet excimer was not observed.
- Furue, Masaoki,Kuroda, Noritaka,Nozakura, Shun-ichi
-
p. 1209 - 1212
(2007/10/02)
-
- Vinyl-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine compounds
-
Vinyl-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine compounds of the formula STR1 and complexes thereof with metals or metal compounds other than alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, or alkali metal compounds, or alkaline earth metal compounds are described, R1 and R2 being as defined in patent claim 1 and the vinyl group being bonded in the 4-position or 6-position. The 2,2'-bipyridine compounds (I) are suitable for the preparation of complex-forming or complexed, crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymers. Complexed polymers, obtainable from these, are used, for example, as catalysts, in particular for transvinylation reactions. Uncomplexed polymers, which can be prepared from compounds (I), are suitable as metal ion scavengers in various applications.
- -
-
-