- Assembly of α-(Hetero)aryl Nitriles via Copper-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions with (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and Bromides
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α-(Hetero)aryl nitriles are important structural motifs for pharmaceutical design. The known methods for direct synthesis of these compounds via coupling with (hetero)aryl halides suffer from narrow reaction scope. Herein, we report that the combination of copper salts and oxalic diamides enables the coupling of a variety of (hetero)aryl halides (Cl, Br) and ethyl cyanoacetate under mild conditions, affording α-(hetero)arylacetonitriles via one-pot decarboxylation. Additionally, the CuBr/oxalic diamide catalyzed coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides with α-alkyl-substituted ethyl cyanoacetates proceeds smoothly at 60 °C, leading to the formation of α-alkyl (hetero)arylacetonitriles after decarboxylation. The method features a general substrate scope and is compatible with various functionalities and heteroaryls.
- Chen, Ying,Xu, Lanting,Jiang, Yongwen,Ma, Dawei
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supporting information
p. 7082 - 7086
(2021/02/26)
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- Overcoming inaccessibility of fluorinated imines-synthesis of functionalized amines from readily available fluoroacetamides
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Although imines are convenient substrates for the synthesis of functionalized amines, they may be hard to obtain, as in the case of fluorinated imines. To aid in overcoming this issue, we propose a protocol of corresponding amine synthesis from simple fluoroacetic acid-derived amides using Schwartz's reagent.
- Czerwiński, Pawe? J.,Furman, Bart?omiej
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supporting information
p. 9436 - 9439
(2019/08/15)
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- Synthesis of α-Aryl nitriles through palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of cyanoacetate salts with aryl halides and triflates
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Worth its salt: The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of the cyanoacetate salt as well as its mono- and disubstituted derivatives with aryl chlorides, bromides, and triflates is described (see scheme). This reaction is potentially useful for the preparation of a diverse array of α-aryl nitriles and has good functional group tolerance. S-Phos=2-(2,6- dimethoxybiphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphine), Xant-Phos=4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)- 9,9-dimethylxanthene. Copyright
- Shang, Rui,Ji, Dong-Sheng,Chu, Ling,Fu, Yao,Liu, Lei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4470 - 4474
(2011/06/24)
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- Palladium-catalyzed cyanomethylation of aryl halides through domino Suzuki coupling-isoxazole fragmentation
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A one-pot protocol for the cyanomethylation of aryl halides through a palladium-catalyzed reaction with isoxazole-4-boronic acid pinacol ester was developed. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds through (1) Suzuki coupling, (2) base-induced fragmentation, and (3) deformylation as shown by characterization of all postulated intermediates. Under optimized conditions (PdCl2dppf, KF, DMSO/H2O, 130 °C) a broad spectrum of aryl bromides could be converted into arylacetonitriles with up to 88% yield.
- Velcicky, Juraj,Soicke, Arne,Steiner, Roland,Schmalz, Hans-Guenther
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6948 - 6951
(2011/06/19)
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- An efficient catalyst for PD-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl arenesulfonates
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Aryl carboxylic esters were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl p-fluorobenzenesulfonates or -tosylates. A unique Josiphos ligand was discovered through high-throughput catalyst screening, which was the key for the successful carbonylation of various substrates. This catalyst is effective and works well for both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl arenesulfonates. Isolated yields of up to 90% were obtained for aryl p-fluorobenzenesulfonates and -tosylates.
- Cai, Chaoxian,Rivera, Nelo R.,Balsells, Jaume,Sidler, Rick R.,McWilliams, J. Christopher,Shultz, C. Scott,Sun, Yongkui
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p. 5161 - 5164
(2007/10/03)
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- Mild palladium-catalyzed selective monoarylation of nitriles
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Two new palladium-catalyzed procedures for the arylation of nitriles under less basic conditions than previously reported have been developed. The selective monoarylation of acetonitrile and primary nitriles has been achieved using α-silyl nitriles in the presence of ZnF2. This procedure is compatible with a variety of functional groups, including cyano, keto, nitro, and ester groups, on the aryl bromide. The arylation of secondary nitriles occurred in high yield by conducting reactions with zinc cyanoalkyl reagents. These reaction conditions tolerated base-sensitive functional groups, such as ketones and esters. The combination of these two methods, one with a-silyl nitriles and one with zinc cyanoalkyl reagents, provides a catalytic route to a variety of benzylic nitriles, which have not only biological significance but utility as synthetic intermediates. The utility of these new coupling reactions has been demonstrated by a synthesis of verapamil, a clinically used drug for the treatment of heart disease, by a three-step route from commercial materials that allows convenient variation of the aryl group.
- Wu, Lingyun,Hartwig, John F.
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p. 15824 - 15832
(2007/10/03)
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- NOVEL AMIDE COMPOUNDS WITH MCH ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT AND MEDICAMENTS COMPRISING SAID COMPOUNDS
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The invention relates to amide compounds of general formula (I), in which the groups and residues A, B, b, W, X, Y, Z, R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings given in claim 1. The invention further relates to medicaments comprising at least one of said amides. Said medicaments are suitable for the treatment of metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, in particular, obesity, bulimia, anorexia, hyperphagia, and diabetes as a result of the MCH receptor antagonism.
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Page/Page column 99
(2008/06/13)
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- New carboxamide compounds having melanin concentrating hormone antagonistic activity, pharmaceutical preparations comprising these compounds and process for their manufacture
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The present invention relates to carboxamide compounds of general formula I wherein the groups and residues A, B, W, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3 and k have the meanings given in claim 1. Moreover the invention relates to process for preparing the above mentioned carboxamides as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one carboxamide according to the invention. In view of their MCH-receptor antagonistic activity the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, particularly obesity, bulimia, anorexia, hyperphagia and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 34
(2010/02/09)
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- An unusual reaction of ethyl 4-bromomethylbenzoate with the carbanion of substituted ethyl acetate
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Reaction of ethyl 4-bromomethylbenzoate with the carbanion of substituted ethyl acetate affords nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the bromomethyl group instead of the expected alkylation of the benzylic bromide.
- Anand, Ramesh C.,Milhotra, Archana
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p. 1415 - 1415
(2007/10/03)
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