- Synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorine-containing copolymer P(FPO/NIMMO) as a potential energetic binder
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The energetic polymeric binders play a key role in the solid propellants, and it create an important need for the development of the energetic binder performance. In this work, we developed a strategy for obtaining a novel fluorine-containing copolymer P(FPO/NIMMO) by the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-propoxymethyl)-oxirane (FPO) and 3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane (NIMMO). The chemical structure of P(FPO/NIMMO) was systemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) was utilized to evaluate the thermal stability of (FPO/NIMMO) and the result showed that the sharp weight loss temperature was at 215.7 °C. In comparison with PNIMMO, the P(FPO/NIMMO) had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) of -42.7 °C detecting by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), indicating that it developed the better stability performance. This new strategy is devised for the utility of P(FPO/NIMMO) copolymer, enabling their extension to be potential energetic binder for solid propellants.
- Dong, Qingfeng,Gao, Ziru,Li, Houbin,Liu, Huihui,Shuai, Jingyu,Wang, Guannan,Xiong, Yabo,Zhang, Tao,Zhu, Qing
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- Synthesis of nitric acid esters from alcohols in a dinitrogen pentoxide/carbon dioxide liquid system
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Organic nitric acid esters have been prepared in 89-98% yield by the nitration of the corresponding alcohols and polyols with N2O5 in liquid CO2.
- Kuchurov, Ilya V.,Fomenkov, Igor V.,Zlotin, Sergei G.,Tartakovsky, Vladimir A.
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experimental part
p. 67 - 69
(2012/07/02)
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- Practical method for the preparation of nitrate esters
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A new and cost-effective method was developed for the preparation of nitrate esters in 67-92% yields from the corresponding alkyl toluenesulfonates and sodium nitrate with a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium nitrate in benzene and water at 110-135°C in a sealed tube.
- Hwu,Vyas,Patel,Lin,Yang
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p. 471 - 473
(2007/10/02)
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- Preparation of di- and polynitrates by ring-opening nitration of oxetanes by dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)
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Ten oxetanes bearing various substituents were reacted with N2O5 in chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents to yield 1,3-dinitrate esters (I) by ring-opening nitration. The yields ranged from 73 to 88% for di-/trinitrates derived from oxetanes unsubstituted in the 2-position, to only 15 to 21% for oxetanes bearing such substituents. Although selective ring cleavage of oxetanes bearing non-hydroxylic substituents (epoxy (oxiranyl), spiro-oxetane and alkene) was not, in general, possible, selective nitration of hydroxyalkyloxetanes was achievable under the conditions employed to yield nitrato-methyloxetanes useful as precursors for energetic polyethers. A semi-quantitative reactivity comparison with representative epoxides indicated that the reactivity of oxetanes towards N2O5 was lower, as expected on account of their lower ring strain.
- Golding,Millar,Paul,Richards
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p. 7051 - 7062
(2007/10/02)
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- Kinetics and Mechanism for the Alkaline Homogeneous Hydrolysis of 1,1,1-Trimethylolethane Trinitrate
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The kinetics for the alkaline homogeneous hydrolysis of 1,1,1-trimethylolethane trinitrate (MTN) in 95percent ethanol-water with sodium hydroxide concentrations between 0.25 and 2.1 M and temperatures between 50.0 and 60.0 degC have been investigated.One mole of MTN was found to react with 3 mol of base and to hydrolize by a series of consecutive and competitive bimolecular and internal cyclization reactions involving three nitrate ester intermediates to form the cyclic alcohol ether 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol (AE) as the final major product with only trace amounts of the expected trialcohol 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (TA).MTN and its intermediates showed good second-order rate constants for the expression -d(MTN)/dt = k1(MTN) = k2(B-)(MTN), where k1 is the first-order rate constant with excess base, B-.Relative k2 values in 95percent ethanol-water, 95percent methanol-water, and water were found to be 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01, respectively.Hydrolysis kinetics and product formation for each nitrate ester intermediate have been determined, and an overall hydrolysis mechanism for MTN is presented.
- Hoffsommer, John C.,Glover, Donald J.,Burlinson, Nicholas E.
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p. 315 - 321
(2007/10/02)
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