- Magnetically recyclable silica-coated ferrite magnetite-K10montmorillonite nanocatalyst and its applications in O, N, and S-acylation reaction under solvent-free conditions
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Novel silica-coated ferrite nanoparticles supported with montmorillonite (K10) have been prepared successfully by using a simple impregnation method. Further, these nanoparticles were characterized by using different analytical methods like FT-IR, PXRD, EDS, and FE-SEM techniques. In addition, these nanoparticles have been explored for their catalytic activity for the O, N, and S-acylation reactions under solvent-free conditions which gave moderate to excellent yields in a much shorter reaction time. Moreover, these nanoparticles could easily be separated out from the reaction medium after the reaction completion by using an external magnetic field and have been re-used for 10 cycles without any significant loss of the catalytic activity.
- Kumar, Pushpendra,Patil, Shripad M.,Tandon, Nitin,Tandon, Runjhun
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p. 21291 - 21300
(2021/07/01)
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- Environmentally benign decarboxylative: N-, O-, and S-Acetylations and acylations
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An operationally simple and general method for acetylation and acylation of a wide variety of substrates (amines, alcohols, phenols, thiols, and hydrazones) has been reported. Meldrum's acid and its derivatives have been used as an air-stable, non-volatile, cost-effective, and easy to handle acetylating/acylating agent. Easily separable byproducts (CO2 and acetone) allowed the isolation of analytically pure acetylated products without the requirement of work-up and any chromatography. This journal is
- Ghosh, Santanu,Purkait, Anisha,Jana, Chandan K.
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supporting information
p. 8721 - 8727
(2020/12/30)
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- BROMODOMAIN INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides for compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, X1, and X2 have any of the values defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful as agents in the treatment of diseases and conditions, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (I).
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Paragraph 00480
(2017/11/10)
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- Reusable and efficient polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-supported triflic acid catalyst for acylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiols under solvent-free conditions
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Abstract: A triflic acid-functionalized polyvinylpolypyrrolidone was prepared and fully characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. This super acidic solid catalyst shows high catalytic activity for selective acylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiols with anhydrides under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. In addition, this method features an easy to handle solid super acid catalyst and an operationally simple procedure, affording the desired acylated products in excellent yields. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Tajbakhsh, Mahgol,Tajbakhsh, Mahmoud,Khaksar, Samad,Gazvini, Helia Janatian,Heidary, Marzieh
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p. 1117 - 1122
(2017/05/10)
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- DMAP-based flexible polymer networks formed via Heck coupling as efficient heterogeneous organocatalysts
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Two DMAP-based flexible polymer networks TPB-DMAP and TPA-DMAP have been successfully synthesized via palladium catalyzed Heck cross-coupling. The structures of these polymers were confirmed by solid state 13C CP/MAS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Although both polymers have negligible surface areas, they exhibit excellent catalytic efficiency for the acylation of 1-phenylethanol with acetic anhydride due to their good swelling capacities. Utilized as a typical catalyst, the polymer TPA-DMAP shows high activities for acylation of a variety of alcohols to the corresponding esters. Moreover, the catalyst can be recycled at least ten times without obvious loss of catalytic activity.
- Xu, Wei,Xia, Wu,Guan, Yukun,Wang, Yiming,Lu, Cuifen,Yang, Guichun,Nie, Junqi,Chen, Zuxing
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- Highly efficient and recyclable acetylation of phenols and alcohols by nickel zirconium phosphate under solvent-free conditions
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Nickel zirconium phosphate nanoparticles have been used as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation of a wide range of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The steric and electronic properties of the different substrates had a significant influence on the reaction conditions required to achieve the acetylation. The catalyst used in the current study was characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This nanocatalyst could also be recovered and reused at least six times without any discernible decrease in its catalytic activity.
- Hajipour, Abdol Reza,Karimi, Hirbod,Kohi, Afshin
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenoxyacetic acid derivatives as novel free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists
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Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) is a new potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of its role in amplifying glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cell. In the present studies, we identified phenoxyacetic acid derivative (18b) as a potent FFA1 agonist (EC50 = 62.3 nM) based on the structure of phenylpropanoic acid derivative 4p. Moreover, compound 18b could significantly improve oral glucose tolerance in ICR mice and dose-dependently reduced glucose levels in type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 mice without observation of hypoglycemic side effect. Additionally, compound 18b exhibited acceptable PK profiles. In summary, compound 18b with ideal PK profiles exhibited good activity in vitro and in vivo, and might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
- Wang, Xuekun,Zhao, Tianxiao,Yang, Baowei,Li, Zheng,Cui, Jian,Dai, Yuxuan,Qiu, Qianqian,Qiang, Hao,Huang, Wenlong,Qian, Hai
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p. 132 - 140
(2015/02/18)
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- Acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions using iron zirconium phosphate
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Iron zirconium phosphate (ZPFe) nanoparticles were found to function as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation of a wide range of alcohols and phenols using acetic anhydride, generating good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The steric and electronic properties of various substrates had a significant influence on the reaction conditions required to achieve the acetylation. The catalyst used in the current study was characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These analyses revealed that the interlayer distance in the catalyst increased from 7.5 to 9.3 ? when Fe3+ was intercalated between the layers, whereas the crystallinity of the material was reduced. This nanocatalyst could also be recovered and reused at least six times without any discernible decrease in its catalytic activity. This new method for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols has several important advantages, including mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, as well as good to excellent yields and a facile work-up.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Karimi, Hirbod,Masti, Amir
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p. 595 - 602
(2015/09/28)
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- Acetylation of alcohols and phenols by zinc zirconium phosphate as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions
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An efficient method for the acetylation of a wide range of alcohols as well as phenols with acetic anhydride in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions, using zinc zirconium phosphate as the catalyst was investigated. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, inductivity coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Products are easily isolated and the protocol is mild and green, compared to the existing methods. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Hajipour, Abdol Reza,Karimi, Hirbod,Karimzadeh, Morteza
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p. 1461 - 1472
(2014/09/30)
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- Acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions using copper zirconium phosphate
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Copper zirconium phosphate nanoparticles have been used as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation of a wide range of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The steric and electronic properties of the different substrates had a significant influence on the reaction conditions required to achieve the acetylation. The catalyst used in the current study was characterized by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These analyses revealed that the interlayer distance in the catalyst increased from 7.5 to 8.0 ? when Cu2+ was intercalated between the layers, whereas the crystallinity of the material was reduced. This nanocatalyst could also be recovered and reused at least six times without any discernible decrease in its catalytic activity. This new method for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols has several key advantages, including mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, as well as good to excellent yields and a facile work-up.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Karimi, Hirbod
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p. 1982 - 1989
(2015/09/28)
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- O-acylation of substituted phenols with various alkanoyl chlorides under phase-transfer catalyst conditions
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Esterification of several types of mono-and disubstituted phenols with various mono-and dialkanoyl chlorides was performed in phase-transfer catalysis conditions, using tetrabutylammonium chloride in a mixture of aqueous NaOH and dichloromethane. The process is particularly efficient (almost quantitative yields) as well as rapid (only 5 min reaction time, at a temperature of0°C). Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Simion, Alina Marieta,Hashimoto, Iwao,Mitoma, Yoshiharu,Egashira, Naoyoshi,Simion, Cristian
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experimental part
p. 921 - 931
(2012/02/01)
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- The synthesis, structure, magnetic and luminescent properties of a new tetranuclear dysprosium (III) cluster
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The synthesis and characterization of [Dy4(dhampH 3)4(NO3)2](NO3) 2 (1), a new tetranuclear dysprosium (III) complex, is described. The compound was characterized by its X-ray structure, magnetic properties as well as the luminescent spectra. The compound crystallizes in a P1 space group with a zig-zag linear form of geometry. The ac magnetic susceptibilities of the molecule indicate that it is a magnetic molecule with a slow magnetization relaxation. The molecule also exhibits an emission spectrum that was confirmed to be ligand based. These results indicate that this molecule has both a slow magnetization relaxation (that could be potentially a SMM) and luminescent properties.
- Chen, Yen-Han,Tsai, Yun-Fan,Lee, Gene-Hsian,Yang, En-Che
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scheme or table
p. 166 - 171
(2012/02/05)
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- Discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of dengue viral NS2B-NS3 protease using virtual screening and scaffold hopping
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By virtual screening, compound 1 was found to be active against NS2B-NS3 protease (IC50 = 13.12 ± 1.03 μM). Fourteen derivatives (22) of compound 1 were synthesized, leading to the discovery of four new inhibitors with biological activity. In order to expand the chemical diversity of the inhibitors, small-molecule-based scaffold hopping was performed on the basis of the common scaffold of compounds 1 and 22. Twenty-one new compounds (23, 24) containing quinoline (new scaffold) were designed and synthesized. Protease inhibition assays revealed that 12 compounds with the new scaffold are inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 protease. Taken together, 17 new compounds were discovered as NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors with IC50 values of 7.46 ± 1.15 to 48.59 ± 3.46 μM, and 8 compounds belonging to two different scaffolds are active to some extent against DENV based on luciferase reporter replicon-based assays. These novel chemical entities could serve as lead structures for discovering therapies against DENV.
- Deng, Jing,Li, Ning,Liu, Hongchuan,Zuo, Zhili,Liew, Oi Wah,Xu, Weijun,Chen, Gang,Tong, Xiankun,Tang, Wei,Zhu, Jin,Zuo, Jianping,Jiang, Hualiang,Yang, Cai-Guang,Li, Jian,Zhu, Weiliang
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experimental part
p. 6278 - 6293
(2012/09/07)
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- Silver triflate catalyzed acetylation of alcohols, thiols, phenols, and amines
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A variety of alcohols, thiols, phenols, and amines were subjected to acetylation reaction using acetic anhydride in the presence of catalytic quantity of silver triflate. The method described has a wide range of applications, proceeds under mild conditions, does not involve cumbersome workup, and the resulting products are obtained in high yields within a reasonable time. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Das, Rima,Chakraborty, Debashis
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experimental part
p. 1621 - 1625
(2011/06/25)
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- Ruthenium(III) chloride catalyzed acylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiols in room temperature Ionic liquids
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Ruthenium(III) chloride-catalyzed acylation of a variety of alcohols, phenols, and thiols was achieved in high yields under mild conditions (room temperature) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]). The ionic liquid and ruthenium catalyst can be recycled at least 10 times. Our system not only solves the basic problem of ruthenium catalyst reuse, but also avoids the use of volatile acetonitrile as solvent.
- Xi, Zhiwen,Hao, Wenyan,Wang, Pingping,Cai, Mingzhong
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experimental part
p. 3528 - 3537
(2009/12/24)
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- Broensted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient catalyst for acetylation of alcohols and phenols
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A novel Broensted acidic room temperature ionic liquid (1-H-3-methyl-imidazolium bisulfate) is found to catalyze efficiently the acetylation of a wide rang of alcohols as well as phenols with acetic anhydride in good to excellent yields at 50°C under solvent-free conditions. Products are easily isolated by extraction with ether and the protocol is mild and green, compared to the existing method based on toxic solvents.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Khazdooz, Leila,Ruoho, Arnold E.
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experimental part
p. 398 - 403
(2009/12/06)
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- A highly selective, high-speed, and hydrolysis-free O-acylation in subcritical water in the absence of a catalyst
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Fast and furious: A wide range of alcohols are acylated by acetic anhydride, in the absence of catalyst, in subcritical water in a flow-type microreaction system. The esters are selectively produced in high yields at temperatures of 200 to 250°C. Varying the amount of acetic anhydride added with respect to the alcohols allows the regioselective acylation of one or both hydroxy groups of various dihydroxy compounds (see picture).
- Sato, Masahiro,Matsushima, Keiichiro,Kawanami, Hajime,Ikuhsima, Yutaka
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p. 6284 - 6288
(2008/04/05)
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- Copper(II) Tetrafluoroborate-Catalyzed Acetylation of Phenols, Thiols, Alcohols, and Amines
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Copper(II) tetrafluoroborate efficiently catalyzes acetylation of structurally diverse phenols, alcohols, thiols, and amines with stoichiometric amounts of Ac2O under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Acid-sensitive alcohols are smoothly acetylated without competitive side reactions. The reaction is influenced by the steric and electronic factors associated with the substrate as well as the anhydride. Acetylation of a sterically hindered substrate requires excess of anhydride and longer time. Acylation with less electrophilic anhydrides affords poor to moderate yields.
- Chakraborti, Asit K.,Gulhane, Rajesh,Shivani
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p. 111 - 115
(2007/10/03)
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- Ruthenium(III) chloride catalyzed acylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols, and amines
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Ruthenium(III) chloride catalyzes the acylation of a variety of phenols, alcohols, thiols, and amines under mild conditions. Some of the major advantages of this method are high yields, short reaction times, ease of operation, and compatibility with other protecting groups.
- Kanta De, Surya
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p. 2919 - 2922
(2007/10/03)
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- Bismuth Oxide Perchlorate as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Heteroatom Acylation under Solvent-Free Conditions
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Bismuth oxide perchlorate efficiently catalyzes the acetylation of structurally diverse phenols, alcohols, thiols, and amines under solvent free conditions. Sterically hindered and electron deficient phenols are acetylated in excellent yields with stoichiometric amounts of Ac2O at room temperature. Acylation of acid-sensitive alcohols is carried out efficiently without competitive side reactions. Optically active substrates are acetylated without any detrimental effect on the optical purity.
- Chakraborti, Asit K.,Gulhane, Rajesh,Shivani
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p. 1805 - 1808
(2007/10/03)
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- A double arene hydroxylation mediated by dicopper(II)-hydroperoxide species
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The dicopper(II) complex [Cu2(L)]4+ (L =α,α′-bis{bis[2-(1′-methyl-2′- benzimidazolyl)ethyl]amino}-m-xylene) reacts with hydrogen peroxide to give the dicopper(II) -hydroquinone complex in which the xylyl ring of the ligand has undergone a double hydroxylation reaction at ring positions 2 and 5. The dihydroxylated ligand 2,6-bis({bis[2-(3-methyl-1 H-benzimidazo[-2-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)benzene-1,4-diol was isolated by decomposition of the product complex. The incorporation of two oxygen atoms from H2O2 into the ligand was confirmed by isotope labeling studies using H218O2. The pathway of the unusual double hydroxylation was investigated by preparing the two isomeric phenolic derivatives of L, namely 3,5-bis({bis[2-(1-methyl- 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl) phenol (6) and 2,6-bis({bis[2-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)- ethyl]amino}methyl)phenol (7), carrying the hydroxyl group in one of the two positions where L is hydroxylated. The dicopper(II) complexes prepared with the new ligands 6 and 7 and containing bridging μ-phenoxo moieties are inactive in the hydroxylation. Though, the dicopper(II) complex 3 derived from 6 and containing a protonated phenol is rapidly hydroxylated by H202 and represents the first product formed in the hydroxylation of [Cu2(L)]4+. Kinetic studies performed on the reactions of [Cu2(L)]4+ and 3 with H2O2 show that the second hydroxylation is faster than the first one at room temperature (0.13 ± 0.05 s-1 vs 5.0(±0.1) X 10-3 s-1) and both are intramolecular processes. However, the two reactions exhibit different activation parameters (ΔH? = 39.1 ± 0.9 kJ mol-1 and ΔS? = -115.7 ± 2.4 J K-1 mol-1 for the first hydroxylation; ΔH? = 77.8 ± 1.6 kJ mol-1 and ΔS? = -14.0 ± 0.4 J K-1 mol-1 for the second hydroxylation). By studying the reaction between [Cu2(L)]4+. and H2O2 at low temperature, we were able to characterize the intermediate η1:η1-hydroperoxodicopper(II) adduct active in the first hydroxylation step, [Cu2(L)(OOH)]3+ [λmax = 342 (ε 12 000), 444 (ε 1200), and 610 nm (ε 800 M-1cm-1); broad EPR signal in frozen solution indicative of magnetically coupled Cu(II) centers].
- Battaini, Giuseppe,Monzani, Enrico,Perotti, Angelo,Para, Cristina,Casella, Luigi,Santagostini, Laura,Gullotti, Michele,Dillinger, Renee,Naether, Christian,Tuczek, Felix
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p. 4185 - 4198
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and reactivity studies on alkyl-aryloxo complexes of nickel containing chelating diphosphines: Cyclometallation and carbonylation reactions
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Nickel alkyl-aryloxo complexes of composition Ni(R)(O-C6H3-2,6-Me2)(P-P) (R = CH2SiMe3, CH3, CH2CMe2Ph; CH2CMe2Ph) complexes undergo a cyclometallation reaction that leads to the metallacycles Ni(CH2CMe2-o-C6H4)(P-P) together with 2,6-dimethylphenol. The alkyl-aryloxo complexes cleanly react with carbon monoxide giving products resulting from CO insertion and reductive elimination, i.e. Ni(CO)2(P-P) and the corresponding 2,6-dimethylphenyl carboxylates quantitatively.
- Cámpora,López,Maya,Palma,Carmona,Valerga
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p. 331 - 341
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient synthesis and molecular structure of 2-hydroxyisophthaldehyde
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A new highly effective procedure has been developed for the preparation of 2-hydroxyisophthaldehyde from 2,8-dimethylphenol.The X-ray crystal structure shows infinite chains of molecules joined by hydrogen bonds.
- Zondervan, Charon,Van Den Beuken, Esther K.,Kooijman, Huub,Spek, Anthony L.,Feringa, Ben L.
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p. 3111 - 3114
(2007/10/03)
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- Pharmaceutically active bicyclic-heterocyclic amines
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The pharmaceutically active bicyclic heterocyclic amines (XXX) STR1 where W1 is --N= or --CH=; W3 is --N= or --CH=; W5 is --N= or --CR5 -- with the proviso that W5 is --CR5 -- when both W1 and W3 are --N= which are useful as pharmaceuticals in treating mild and/or moderate to severe head injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequent ischemic stroke, asthma and reduction of mucous formation/secretion in the lung and other diseases and injuries.
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- Antioxidant building blocks I. The unexpected C-acetylation of 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol with isopropenyl acetate
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While the reaction of some 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted phenols with isopropenyl acetate resulted in the corresponding phenol acetates, in the reaction of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, a useful starting material of antioxidant building blocks, under the same conditions 4-acetyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol was the only product.
- Gizur, Tibor,Ferenczy, Gyoergy G.,Agai-Csongor, Eva,Domany, Gyoergy
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p. 1244 - 1247
(2007/10/03)
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- Biosynthesis of Tetronasin: Part 3. Preparation of Deuterium Labelled Tri- and Tetraketides as Putative Biosynthetic Precursors of Tetronasin
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The preparation of seven deuterium labelled N-acetyl cysteamine thioesters (2a), (2b), (3a), (3b), (4), (5) and (6) as putative biosynthetic precursors of the acyl tetronic acid ionophore tetronasin is described.
- Hailes, Helen C.,Handa, Sandeep,Leadlay, Peter F.,Lennon, Ian C.,Ley, Steven V.,Staunton, James
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p. 315 - 318
(2007/10/02)
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- UNUSUAL REACTIVITY OF PENTAFLUOROBENZYL AROMATIC ETHERS UNDER FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION CONDITIONS
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A pentafluorobenzyl (PFBz) ether of 2,6-dimethylphenol undergoes a PFBz rearrangement, which appears to be intermolecular, yielding a 2:3 ratio of meta to para migration.Only ether bond cleavage takes place in a corresponding PFBz ether of 2,6-difluorophenol.Both sets of products are unusual, and it is suggested that they are both due to high reactivity of the PFBz-oxy moiety with the AlCl3 catalyst.
- Xu, Linxiao,Giese, Roger W.
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p. 3829 - 3832
(2007/10/02)
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- Concertedness in Acyl Group Transfer in Solution: A Single Transition State in Acetyl Group Transfer between Phenolate Ion Nucleophiles
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Rate constants have been measured for nucleophilic substitution of 4-nitrophenol from 4-nitrophenyl acetate by a series of phenolate anions.The Bronsted type plot is linear for unhindered phenolate ions with pKa values significantly above and below that of the displaced 4-nitrophenol: (log kArO = 0.75pKArOH - 7.28; n = 17, r = 0.984); this is consistent with a mechanism involving a single transition state or a mechanism with an intermediate that has a very low barrier to decomposition.A small change in effective charge on the carbonyl group from reactant to transition state (measured from βnuc and the known βeq for the overall reaction) points to an almost coupled concerted mechanism for the transfer of acetyl function between phenolate ion nucleophiles.The conclusions of this work are consistent with previous results that indicate relatively stable tetrahedral intermedates in reactions at reactive acyl centers; a spectrum of mechanisms exists for substitution reactions of acyl functions in solution that ranges from SN1 (or ElcB for an ester with an α-carbanion) through concerted to BAc2.
- Ba-Saif, Salem,Luthra, Ajay K.,Williams, Andrew
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p. 6362 - 6368
(2007/10/02)
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- Acetylation by Keten of Phenols supported on Solid Adsorbents
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Even hindered phenols, when adsorbed on solids such as silica gel and alumina, add to keten without heating or sulphuric acid catalyst.
- Chihara, Teiji,Teratani, Shousuke,Ogawa, Haruo
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