- Dual inhibitors of Interleukin-6 and acetylcholinesterase for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Design, docking, synthesis and biological evaluation
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Multitarget compounds intercept two or more functionally complementary pathways simultaneously, and are therefore considered to have potential in effectively treating complex multifactorial diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, novel molecules are designed by coupling a chromone and a N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl amine as pharmacophore for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, respectively. Four series (Y1–Y4) of 40 compounds are designed by using alkyl linkers of different lengths (1–4 carbon atoms) for the coupling of the two selected pharmacophore. Docking of all designed compounds in AChE leads to the identification of twelve best fit compounds (Docking score >8.3). The data suggests that a 1- or 2-carbon atom linker is the most conducive to orient the pharmacophore for optimum binding with AChE active site. The predicted ADME properties of the 12 selected compounds suggest that these can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) with good oral bioavailability. These compounds are synthesised and evaluated for anti-AChE activity. Five compounds, showing >45% inhibition of AChE, are further evaluated for IL-6 inhibitory activity. Compound Y1f is found to be the most potent inhibitor of both AChE and IL-6 (IC50 0.7 and 0.8 ?μM, respectively). It suggests that a chromone moiety connected to a piperidine ring through a 1-carbon atom linker may provide a useful template to medical chemists for the development of new chemical entities effective against AD.
- Bansal, Yogita,Kaur, Sukhvir
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- Cannabidiol carbamate compound, pharmaceutical preparation, preparation method and application
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The invention relates to a cannabidiol carbamate compound, a medicinal preparation, a preparation method and application, and belongs to the field of compounds for treating and preventing diseases related to aging, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The compound has a structure shown as a formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the structure shown as the formula I. The compound has good butyrylcholine esterase resisting activity, shows good application prospect in treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and shows good application potential.
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Paragraph 0097-0101
(2021/01/30)
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- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Celastrol Derivatives with Improved Cytotoxic Selectivity and Antitumor Activities
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Cdc37 associates kinase clients to Hsp90 and promotes the development of cancers. Celastrol, a natural friedelane triterpenoid, can disrupt the Hsp90-Cdc37 interaction to provide antitumor effects. In this study, 31 new celastrol derivatives, 2a - 2d , 3a - 3g , and 4a - 4t , were designed and synthesized, and their Hsp90-Cdc37 disruption activities and antiproliferative activities against cancer cells were evaluated. Among these compounds, 4f , with the highest tumor cell selectivity (15.4-fold), potent Hsp90-Cdc37 disruption activity (IC50= 1.9 μM), and antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50= 0.2 μM), was selected as the lead compound. Further studies demonstrated 4f has strong antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo through disrupting the Hsp90-Cdc37 interaction and inhibiting angiogenesis. In addition, 4f exhibited less toxicity than celastrol and showed a good pharmacokinetics profile in vivo. These findings suggest that 4f may be a promising candidate for development of new cancer therapies.
- Feng, Jia-Hao,He, Qi-Wei,Hou, Ji-Qin,Hu, Xiao-Long,Long, Huan,Wang, Bao-Lin,Wang, Hao,Wang, Quan,Wang, Rong,Ye, Wen-Cai,Zhang, Li-Xin,Zhang, Xiao-Qi
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p. 1954 - 1966
(2021/07/20)
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- Novel cannabidiol?carbamate hybrids as selective BuChE inhibitors: Docking-based fragment reassembly for the development of potential therapeutic agents against Alzheimer's disease
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Cannabidiol (CBD) and rivastigmine have been launched as drugs for treating dementia and cholinesterases (ChEs) are ideal drug targets. This study focused on developing novel ChE inhibitors as drug leads against dementia through molecular modeling and fragment reassembly approaches. A potent carbamate fragment binding to active site gorge of BuChE was found via a docking-based structural splicing approach, thus, 17 novel compounds were designed by structural reassembly. Compound C16 was identified as a highly selective potent BuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 5.3 nM, SI > 4000), superior to CBD (IC50 = 0.67 μM). C16 possessed BBB penetrating ability, benign safety, neuroprotection, antioxidant and pseudo-irreversible BuChE inhibition (Kd = 13 nM, k2 = 0.26 min?1), showing good drug-like properties. In vivo studies confirmed that C16 significantly ameliorated the scopolamine-induced cognition impairment, almost entirely recovered the Aβ1?42 (icv)-impaired cognitive function to the normal level, showed better behavioral performance than donepezil and good anti-amyloidogenic effect. Hence, the potential BuChE inhibitor C16 can be developed as a promising disease-modifying treatment of AD.
- Jiang, Xia,Liu, Xin-Hua,Shi, Jingbo,Tang, Wenjian,Wang, Sheng,Wu, Chengyao,Xu, Yingying,Zha, Liang,Zhang, Jing,Zhang, Ziwen,Zuo, Jiawei
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- One-Pot Synthesis of Tertiary Amides from Organic Trichlorides through Oxygen Atom Incorporation from Air by Convergent Paired Electrolysis
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A convergent paired electrolysis catalyzed by a B12 complex for the one-pot synthesis of a tertiary amide from organic trichlorides (R-CCl3) has been developed. Various readily available organic trichlorides, such as benzotrichloride and its derivatives, chloroform, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113a), and trichloroacetonitrile (CNCCl3), were converted to amides in the presence of tertiary amines through oxygen incorporation from air at room temperature. The amide formation mechanism in the paired electrolysis, which was mediated by a cobalt complex, was proposed.
- Luo, Zhongli,Imamura, Kenji,Shiota, Yoshihito,Yoshizawa, Kazunari,Hisaeda, Yoshio,Shimakoshi, Hisashi
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p. 5983 - 5990
(2021/05/04)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4'-aminochalcone-rivastigmine hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
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A series of 4'-aminochalcone-revastigmine hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that most of these compounds exhibited good multifunctional activities. In particular, compound 6c displayed the best inhibitory potency on acetylcholinesterase (IC50= 4.91 μM), and significant antioxidative activity with a value 2.83-fold of Trolox. The kinetic analysis of AChE inhibition revealed that 6c showed mixed-type inhibition, binding simultaneously to the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE. In addition, 6c inhibited self-induced Aβ1-42aggregation and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42aggregation by 89.5% and 79.7% at 25 μM respectively, as well as acted as a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (IC50= 0.29 μM) and a selective biometal chelator. Furthermore, 6c could cross the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Based on these results, Compound 6c could be considered as a very promising lead compound for Alzheimer's disease.
- Xiao, Ganyuan,Li, Yan,Qiang, Xiaoming,Xu, Rui,Zheng, Yunxiaozhu,Cao, Zhongcheng,Luo, Li,Yang, Xia,Sang, Zhipei,Su, Fu,Deng, Yong
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p. 1030 - 1041
(2017/02/05)
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- Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Scutellarein Derivatives Based on Scutellarin Metabolic Mechanism in Vivo
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Three series of scutellarein derivatives have been designed and synthesized based on metabolic mechanism of scutellarin (1) in vivo. Their thrombin inhibition activities were tested through the analyzation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB). The antioxidant activities of these target products were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay and the ability to protect PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, and their solubilities were evaluated by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer. The results showed that the two isopropyl groups substituted derivative (18c) demonstrated stronger anticoagulant activity, better water solubility, and good antioxidant activity compared with scutellarein (2), which warrants further development of 18c as a promising agent for ischemic cerebrovascular disease treatment. Three series of scutellarein derivatives have been designed and synthesized based on metabolic mechanism of scutellarin (1) in vivo. The results of the biological evaluation showed that the two isopropyl groups substituted derivative (18c) demonstrated stronger anticoagulant activity, better water solubility, and good antioxidant activity compared with scutellarein (2), which warrants further development of 18c as a promising agent for ischemic cerebrovascular disease treatment.
- Dong, Ze-Xi,Shi, Zhi-Hao,Li, Nian-Guang,Zhang, Wei,Gu, Ting,Zhang, Peng-Xuan,Wu, Wen-Yu,Tang, Yu-Ping,Fang, Fang,Xue, Xin,Li, He-Min,Cheng, Hai-Bo,Yang, Jian-Ping,Duan, Jin-Ao
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p. 946 - 957
(2016/05/24)
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- One-Pot Synthesis of O -Aryl Carbamates
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A simple, versatile, one-pot procedure for the synthesis of substituted O-aryl carbamates has been developed, and a protocol is henceforth described. N-Substituted carbamoyl chloride is formed in situ and subsequently reacted with a substituted phenol, avoiding the direct manipulation of sensitive reactants. This procedure offers an economical and efficient route to many compounds of interest.
- Varjosaari, Sami E.,Suating, Paolo,Adler, Marc J.
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- Synthesis of scutellarein derivatives to increase biological activity and water solubility
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In order to improve the biological activity and water solubility of scutellarin (1), some derivatives of its main metabolite (scutellarein) were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were tested for their thrombin inhibition activity through the analyzation of thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB). Their antioxidant activities were assessed by measuring their scavenging capacities toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the ability to protect PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, their water solubility were also assessed by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer. The results showed that compound 8b demonstrated stronger anticoagulant and antioxidant activity, better water solubility compared with scutellarein (2), which warrants it as a promising agent for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
- Shi, Zhi-Hao,Li, Nian-Guang,Shi, Qian-Ping,Zhang, Wei,Dong, Ze-Xi,Tang, Yu-Ping,Zhang, Peng-Xuan,Gu, Ting,Wu, Wen-Yu,Fang, Fang,Xin-Xue,Li, He-Min,Yang, Jian-Ping,Duan, Jin-Ao
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p. 6875 - 6884
(2015/11/11)
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- Synthesis of pterostilbene and resveratrol carbamate derivatives as potential dual cholinesterase inhibitors and neuroprotective agents
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Pterostilbene and resveratrol carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized by use of a multi-target directed drug-design strategy. Their acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced PC12 cell injury were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that some of the compounds had dual inhibitory potency against acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase, and potential neuroprotective effects, and could be considered as potential multi-target-directed agents.
- Yuan, Wen,Shang, Zhipei,Qiang, Xiaoming,Tan, Zhenghuai,Deng, Yong
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p. 787 - 800
(2014/02/14)
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- INDOLE, INDOLINE DERIVATIVES, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THEM AND USES THEREOF
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The invention provides indole and indoline derivatives and slats thereof, compositions comprising them and uses thereof for the treatment of diseases and disorders.
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Page/Page column 24; 25; 28; 29; 120
(2013/10/22)
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- Chlorination of aliphatic primary alcohols via triphosgene-triethylamine activation
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Activation of primary aliphatic alcohols with triphosgene and triethylamine mixtures afforded either alkyl chloride or diethylcarbamate products, and the switch in selectivity appeared to be driven by sterics. The reaction conditions to achieve this highly useful transformation were unexceptionally mild and readily tolerated by a wide range of sensitive functionalities.
- Ayala, Caitlan E.,Villalpando, Andres,Nguyen, Alex L.,McCandless, Gregory T.,Kartika, Rendy
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3676 - 3679
(2012/09/08)
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- Development of an improved method for conversion of thiuram disulfides into N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl halides and derivatives
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A convenient procedure for preparing N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl halides is reported. It consists of two steps: (1) reaction of carbon disulfide and a secondary amine in the presence of a polar organic solvent and oxygen to produce the corresponding tetraalkyl thiuram disulfides and (2) reaction of tetraalkyl thiuram disulfide with a halide in the presence of an aprotic organic solvent to produce the corresponding N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl halide. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Adeppa,Rupainwar,Misra, Krishna
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experimental part
p. 285 - 290
(2011/03/20)
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- An improved one-pot cost-effective synthesis of N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl halides and derivatives
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A convenient one-pot procedure is reported for preparing N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl chlorides by using chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride as a carbonylating agent. It comprises the reaction of secondary amines with chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride in the presence of an aprotic organic solvent to produce the corresponding N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl halides. Insertion of the carbonyl group without using phosgene is the novelty of this method.
- Adeppa,Rupainwar,Misra, Krishna
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experimental part
p. 1277 - 1280
(2011/02/23)
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- Synthesis of some N-alkyl substituted urea derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents
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A series of N-alkyl substituted urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N-alkyl substituted urea derivatives bearing morpholine moiety (3a-3k) showed better activities than those bearing diethylamine moiety (2a-2f). Compounds having fluoro substituent at ortho (3c) and para (3b) positions of the phenyl ring exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi.
- Zheng, Qing-Zhong,Cheng, Kui,Zhang, Xiao-Min,Liu, Kai,Jiao, Qing-Cai,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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scheme or table
p. 3207 - 3212
(2010/08/20)
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- Semicarbazone-based inhibitors of cathepsin K, are they prodrugs for aldehyde inhibitors?
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Starting from potent aldehyde inhibitors with poor drug properties, derivatization to semicarbazones led to the identification of a series of semicarbazone-based cathepsin K inhibitors with greater solubility and better pharmacokinetic profiles than their parent aldehydes. Furthermore, a representative semicarbazone inhibitor attenuated bone resorption in an ex vivo rat calvarial bone resorption model. However, based on enzyme inhibition comparisons at neutral pH, semicarbazone hydrolysis rates, and 13C NMR experiments, these semicarbazones probably function as prodrugs of aldehydes.
- Adkison, Kim K.,Barrett, David G.,Deaton, David N.,Gampe, Robert T.,Hassell, Anne M.,Long, Stacey T.,McFadyen, Robert B.,Miller, Aaron B.,Miller, Larry R.,Payne, J. Alan,Shewchuk, Lisa M.,Wells-Knecht, Kevin J.,Willard Jr., Derril H.,Wright, Lois L.
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p. 978 - 983
(2007/10/03)
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- Debenzylation of tertiary amines using phosgene or triphosgene: An efficient and rapid procedure for the preparation of carbamoyl chlorides and unsymmetrical ureas. Application in carbon-11 chemistry
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Efficient and rapid preparations of carbamoyl chlorides and unsymmetrical ureas from tertiary amines and phosgene or its safe equivalent triphosgene [bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate, BTC] are described. First, the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of phosgene with secondary amines was revisited, and it was shown that the formation of carbamoyl chlorides in high yields required careful adjustments of experimental conditions and the use of pyridine as an HCl scavenger. A phosgene-mediated dealkylation of triethylamine was observed when this base was used instead of pyridine. Taking advantage of this observation, a strategy of synthesis of carbamoyl chlorides from tertiary amines and phosgene has been developed. N-Alkyl-N-benzyl(substituted)tetrahydroisoquinolines, -piperazines, -piperidines, or -anilines were treated with stoichiometric amounts of phosgene (or BTC) in CH2Cl2. Tertiary amines bearing electron-enriched benzyl group(s) afforded carbamoyl chlorides in excellent yields and without any contamination by symmetrical ureas. Subsequent additions of primary or secondary amines to these carbamoyl chlorides produced unsymmetrical ureas in single-pot and high-yielding operations. This methodology was applied in 11C-chemistry. From [ 11C]phosgene, a common precursor used in the preparation of radiotracers for positron emission tomography, a rapid and efficient synthesis of 11C-carbamoyl chlorides and 11C-unsymmetrical ureas derived from tetrahydroisoquinoline and piperazine is described. The first example of 11C-amide formation from the reaction of a 11C-carbamoyl chloride and an organometallic (cyanocuprate or a Grignard reagent in the presence of a nickel catalyst) is also presented.
- Lemoucheux, Laurent,Rouden, Jacques,Ibazizene, Me?ziane,Sobrio, Franck,Lasne, Marie-Claire
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p. 7289 - 7297
(2007/10/03)
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- Facile S-alkyl thiocarbamate synthesis by a novel DBU-assisted carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and sulfur
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A novel DBU-assisted carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and sulfur has been developed for the synthesis of S-alkyl thiocarbamates. In the presence of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), S-alkyl thiocarbamates are synthesized in excellent yields from amines, carbon monoxide, sulfur, and alkyl halides under mild conditions (1 atm, 20°C). In the absence of DBU, however, no formation of S-alkyl thiocarbamate is observed. The present DBU-assisted carbonylation can also be applied to new synthetic methods for benthiocarb and orthobencarb (herbicides) and carbamoyl chlorides.
- Mizuno, Takumi,Takahashi, Junko,Ogawa, Akiya
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p. 1327 - 1331
(2007/10/03)
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- Reaction of phosgene with the tricycle related to the minor base of phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acids
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1-Benzylwye (8) underwent electrophilic substitution at the 7-position in the presence of phosgene and pyridine in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to afford the 1,4-dihydropyridines (11, 10, and 14) together with the carboxylic acid 6 and its methyl ester 2 after s
- Itaya, Taisuke,Kanai, Tae
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p. 1584 - 1588
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the preparation of 1-4-disubstituted-5 (4H)-tetrazolinones
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1,4-Disubstituted-5(4H)-tetrazolinones of the formula (I) STR1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings given in the specification), which are known to be useful as herbicides, can be obtained in very good yields by reacting the corresponding 1-substituted-5(4H)-tetrazolinones with the corresponding carbamoyl chlorides in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
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- New reactions of phosgene with tertiary amines
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1-Benzylwye (3) underwent substitution at the 7-position in the presence of COCl2 and pyridine in THF to afford various products depending upon the post-treatment through 1,4-dihydropyridine (7) and carboxylic acid derivative (8). When Et3N was used instead of pyridine, it reacted with COCl2 to provide two enamines (18 and 19), together with diethylcarbamyl chloride (20), after treatment of the reaction mixture with MeOH.
- Itaya, Taisuke,Kanal, Tae
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p. 101 - 104
(2007/10/03)
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- CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF AMINOSTIGMINE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING VARIOUS SUBSTITUENTS AT THE NITROGEN ATOM OF THE CARBAMOYL GROUP
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Sixteen aminostigmine derivatives containing various substituents at the nitrogen atom of the carbamoyl group have been prepared, and their anticholine esterase activity in vitro, ionization constants, hydrophobicity, and toxicity have been determined.
- Prozorovskii, V. B.,Pavlova, L. V.,Suslova, I. M.,Belozerova, L. V.,Kokushkina, A. V.,Sazonova, A. V.
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p. 589 - 593
(2007/10/03)
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- REACTIVITY OF COORDINATED LIGANDS. METAL-ASSISTED ELECTROPHILIC REACTIONS AT THE O-COORDINATED CARBON DIOXIDE FRAGMENT OF THE N,N-DIALKYLCARBAMATO GROUP: FORMATION AND DECOMPOSITION OF MIXED N,N-DIALKYLCARBAMIC ANHYDRIDES, R2NC(O)O-E
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N,N-Dialkylcarbamato complexes, , of sodium, copper(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II), titanium(III), vanadium(III) and iron(III) react with electrophilic reagents under mild conditions giving the products arising from the attack at the oxygen atom of the metal-coordinated carbamato group. Thus, for example, acyl halides R'COCl give the mixed carbamic-carboxylic anhydrides R2N-C(O)O-C(O)R', independent of the nature of the metal, either as an unstable intermediate or as a kinetically-controlled product (R = i-Pr, R' = Me, Ph). Vanadium(III), titanium(III) and iron(III) dialkylcarbamato complexes react incompletely with R'COCl, giving chloro-dialkylcarbamato metal complexes. The manganese(II) diethylcarbamato derivative reacts with ClCOOEt, COCl2, ClSOOEt, SOCl2 or ClP(OEt)2; in these cases, experimental evidence exists that the organic halides react in a way similar to R'COCl, i.e. via O-functionalization of the manganese-coordinated diethylcarbamato group and formation of an Et2NC(O)OE-type compound with E=COOEt, COCl, SOOEt, SOCl, P(OEt)2. The mechanism of Et2NC(O)OE decomposition has been investigated by examining the reaction of the 13C-labelled Mn6(O2CNEt2)12 with MeCOCl, COCl2, ClCOOEt or ClSOOEt. The IR spectroscopic and GC-mass analysis of the reaction mixtures showed loss of 13CO2, while the organic product was unlabelled. This can only be consistent with the cleavage of the RN-13C bond within the intermediate anhydride. A classification of metal-assisted reactions is presented in the Appendix.
- Belforte, Antonio,Dell'Amico, Daniela Belli,Calderazzo, Fausto,Giurlani, Ugo,Labella, Luca
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p. 119 - 127
(2007/10/02)
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- Carbamate ester prodrugs of dopaminergic compounds: Synthesis, stability, and bioconversion
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Various carbamic acid esters (CAE) of a new class of dopaminergic drugs, 5-substituted 8-chloro-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines, were synthesized and evaluated as prodrug forms with the aim of protecting the parent phenols against first-pass metabolism following oral administration. Monosubstituted CAE were found to be highly unstable at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, the half-lives of hydrolysis being between 4 and 40 min. Plasma from various species catalyzed the hydrolysis of the carbamates. N,N-Disubstituted carbamates, on the other hand, were stable both in buffer and plasma solutions. They showed a very potent inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), but were less potent inhibitors of the specific erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.17). In vitro incubations of an N,N-dimethylsubstituted carbamate ester (10) with liver microsomes from mouse and rat showed an appreciable formation of the parent phenolic compound. This bioconversion is suggested to occur via an initial cytochrome P-450-catalyzed hydroxylation to give an N-hydroxymethyl derivative which spontaneously decomposes to the N-monomethylcarbamate. It is concluded that N,N-disubstituted carbamate esters may be potentially useful prodrugs for the 7-hydroxy-3-benzazepines, whereas N-monosubstituted carbamates appear to be too chemically and enzymatically labile.
- Hansen,Faarup,Bundgaard
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p. 793 - 798
(2007/10/02)
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- A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF CERTAIN N,N-DIALKYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDES
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Certain N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl chlorides (2) were prepared in moderate yields by the reaction of ethyl N,N-dialkylcarbamates (1) with phosphoryl chloride in boiling acetonitrile.
- Hoshino, Osamu,Saito, Keiji,Ishizaki, Miyuki,Umezawa, Bunsuke
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p. 1887 - 1892
(2007/10/02)
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- Optical brightening agents of naphthalimide derivatives
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A naphthalimide derivative having the formula STR1 wherein R is an alkyl, or cycloalkyl, an aralkyl, a haloalkyl, an alkoxyalkyl, a hydroxyalkyl, an N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl, an unsubstituted or halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted aryl, or an ammoniumalkyl; X is a group of the formula, STR2 wherein A is STR3 or an unsubstituted or halogen-substituted arylene, or a group of the formula, STR4 wherein R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, phenyl, a hydroxyalkyl, or an alkoxyalkyl; Y is --CO--, --COO--, --CONR3 -- (where R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl), or --SO2 --; R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an aralkyl, a haloalkyl, an alkyl- or aryl-substituted amino-alkyl, an unsubstituted or halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy-, hydroxy-, amino- or alkylamino-substituted aryl, a group of the formula, STR5 (where R, R1 and Y are as defined above and R4 is a bivalent group), or a group of the formula, (where R5 is direct linkage or a bivalent group; Q+ is a substituted ammonium, a cycloammonium or a hydrazinium; and α- is an anion), Which is useful for optically brightening an organic polymer material.
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