- Engineering the geometric and electronic structure of Ru: Via Ru-TiO2interaction for enhanced selective hydrogenation
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Modulation of the metal-support interaction plays a key role in many important chemical reactions. Here, by adjusting the reduction method of the catalyst and introducing oxygen vacancies in TiO2 to regulate the interaction between Ru and TiO2, four supported Ru nanocatalysts with different encapsulation degrees and electronic structures were obtained. Ru nanoparticles (NPs) partially encapsulated by TiO2 can achieve the selective hydrogenation of 6-chloroquinoline even at room temperature, with a TOF of 12 h-1. Catalytic characterization and DFT calculations indicated that partially encapsulated Ru NPs not only provided active sites for H2 dissociation, but also reduced the probability of Ru NPs being poisoned. Meanwhile, the oxygen vacancies on the surface of TiO2 can adsorb 6-chloroquinoline molecules and provide additional active sites for hydrogenation via hydrogen spillover. Moreover, the enhanced electron transfer from oxygen-deficient TiO2 to Ru made Ru electron-rich, which repelled C-Cl bonds and effectively prevented the production of dechlorination products. This journal is
- Huang, Songtao,Li, Aiyuan,Shao, Fangjun,Wang, Jianguo,Wei, Zhongzhe,Yao, Zihao,Zhao, Zijiang,Zhou, Qiang
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p. 1005 - 1016
(2022/02/17)
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- Utilization of renewable formic acid from lignocellulosic biomass for the selective hydrogenation and/or N-methylation
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Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant renewable sources in nature. Herein, we have developed the utilization of renewable formic acid from lignocellulosic biomass as a hydrogen source and a carbon source for the selective hydrogenation and further N-methylation of various quinolines and the derivatives, various indoles under mild conditions in high efficiencies. N-methylation of various anilines is also developed. Mechanistic studies indicate that the hydrogenation occurs via a transfer hydrogenation pathway.
- Zhou, Chao-Zheng,Zhao, Yu-Rou,Tan, Fang-Fang,Guo, Yan-Jun,Li, Yang
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p. 4724 - 4728
(2021/09/06)
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- Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Quinoline Derivatives Effected by a Granular Cobalt Catalyst
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We communicate a convenient method for the pressure hydrogenation of quinolines in aqueous solution by using a particulate cobalt-based catalyst that is prepared in situ from simple Co(OAc)2 4H2O through reduction with abundant zinc powder. This catalytic protocol permits a brisk and atom-efficient access to a variety of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines thereby relying solely on easy-to-handle reagents that are all readily obtained from commercial sources. Both the reaction setup assembly and the autoclave charging procedure are conducted on the bench outside an inert-gas-operated containment system, thus rendering the overall synthesis time-saving and operationally very simple.
- Timelthaler, Daniel,Topf, Christoph
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p. 629 - 642
(2021/11/22)
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- Homogeneous pressure hydrogenation of quinolines effected by a bench-stable tungsten-based pre-catalyst
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We report on an operationally simple catalytic method for the tungsten-catalyzed hydrogenation of quinolines through the use of the easily handled and self-contained precursor [WCl(η5-Cp)(CO)3]. This half sandwich complex is indefinitely storable on the bench in simple screw-capped bottles or stoppered flasks and can, if required, be prepared on a multi-gram scale while the actual catalytic transformations were performed in the presence of a Lewis acid in order to achieve both decent substrate conversions and product yields. The described method represents a facile and atom-efficient access to a variety of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines that circumvents the use of cost-intensive and oxygen-sensitive phosphine ligands as well as auxiliary hydride reagents.
- Heizinger, Christian,Topf, Christoph,Vielhaber, Thomas
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p. 451 - 461
(2021/11/11)
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- Nano-Ni-MOFs: High Active Catalysts on the Cascade Hydrogenation of Quinolines
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Abstract: The reduction of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in aqueous medium under mild condition is quite challenging. In view of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess adjustable pore size and modifiable organic linkers, MOFs could be used in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, Three Nano-Ni-MOFs, MOF-74-Ni, MOF-69-Ni, and Ni–NH2 (constructed from similar ligands and Ni2+ ions) are introduced for hydrogenating of azacyclo-compounds. As expected, Ni–NH2 shows outstanding activity of hydrogenation of quinoline under mild conditions, due to the moderate pore size and the modified –NH2 function group, which makes the substrate anchored on the surface of the framework facilitate the following catalysis process. Theoretical calculations identified that the –NH2 group at the catalyst facilitates the H2 heterolytic dissociation for the hydrogenation reactions. Graphic Abstract: Compared to MOF-74-Ni and MOF-69-Ni, the catalyst of Ni–NH2 shows outstanding activity of hydrogenation of quinoline, due to the modified –NH2 function group which makes the substrate anchored on the surface of the framework facilitate the following catalysis process[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Yun, Ruirui,Ma, Zi-Wei,Hu, Yang,Zhan, Feiyang,Qiu, Chuang,Zheng, Baishu,Sheng, Tian
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p. 2445 - 2451
(2021/01/05)
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- Encapsulating Cobalt into N-Doping Hollow Frameworks for Efficient Cascade Catalysis
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The development of nonprecious catalysts for hydrogenation of organic molecules is of great importance in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report a series of N-doped hollow carbon frameworks encompassing cobalt nanoparticles (denoted as Co@NHF-900) constructed as a new kind of reusable catalyst for this purpose by pyrolysis of ZIF-8@Co-dopamine under Ar atmospheres. Notably, the framework of ZIF-8 is essential for efficient catalyst by providing a carbon framework to support Co-dopamine. The experimental results reveal that the ZIF-8 renders a large hollow place within the catalysts, allowing the enrichment of the substrate and windows of the hollow structure and the ease of mass transfer of products during the reaction. All of the virtues made Co@NHF-900 a good candidate for hydrogenation of quinolines with high activity (TOF value of 119 h-1, which is several times than that of akin catalysts) and chemoselectivity.
- Yun, Ruirui,Zhang, Beibei,Qiu, Chuang,Ma, Ziwei,Zhan, Feiyang,Sheng, Tian,Zheng, Baishu
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supporting information
p. 9757 - 9761
(2021/06/30)
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- Cu Nanoclusters Anchored on the Metal-Organic Framework for the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane and the Reduction of Quinolines
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Free-access active sites created and the interaction regulated between them and substrates during the heterogeneous catalysis process are crucial, which remain a great challenge. In this work, in suit reduced to afford naked Cu nanoparticles (NPs) have been anchored on the metal-organic framework (MOF), NH2-MOF, to form Cu-NH2-MOF. The strategy can precisely control the Cu NP formation with small size and uniform distribution. The Cu NP properties and MOF advantages have been integrated to create a great catalyst with multiple functions and have resulted in improving the recyclability and superb catalytic activity for the one-pot reduction of heterocycle reactions under mild conditions. The experimental and theoretical calculation results show that the superior performance should be attributed to the framework of NH2-MOF that provides large caves for substrate enrichment and the stabilization of Cu sites by the -NH2 group.
- Yun, Ruirui,Zhang, Beibei,Zhan, Feiyang,Du, Liting,Wang, Zhaoxu,Zheng, Baishu
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supporting information
p. 12906 - 12911
(2021/08/30)
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- Photocatalytic chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of quinolines to tetrahydroquinolines on hierarchical NiO/In2O3-Cds microspheres
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The pursuit of a powerful strategy to enable chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reaction of quinolines to their corresponding tetrahydroquinolines is of great significance, but it remains a challenge. Herein, we have realized heterogeneous photocatalytic chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reaction of quinolines to their corresponding tetrahydroquinolines over the developed hierarchical NiO/In2O3-CdS microspheres with high activity and selectivity under visible light irradiation and mild conditions, in which benzyl alcohol serves as a hydrogen donor to replace high-pressure flammable molecular hydrogen. More interestingly, the experimental and theoretical calculation results confirm that NiO acts as active sites for this photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction, and it adsorbs and activates benzyl alcohol far more effectively than the metallic Ni. It breaks through the traditional concept that the metallic Ni serves as photocatalytically active sites for the effective activation of benzyl alcohol. This work not only presents an efficient strategy for the production of tetrahydroquinolines via heterogeneous photocatalytic chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reaction of quinolines but also paves a way for designing other heterogeneous photocatalytic systems toward chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reaction of diverse N-heterocycles.
- Cao, Shuo,Liu, Yuefeng,Nie, Xiaowa,Sun, Zhe,Yu, Weiwei,Zhang, Yu,Zhao, Zhongkui
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p. 13408 - 13415
(2021/11/20)
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- A General Catalyst Based on Cobalt Core–Shell Nanoparticles for the Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes Including Pyridines
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Herein, we report the synthesis of specific silica-supported Co/Co3O4 core–shell based nanoparticles prepared by template synthesis of cobalt-pyromellitic acid on silica and subsequent pyrolysis. The optimal catalyst material allows for general and selective hydrogenation of pyridines, quinolines, and other heteroarenes including acridine, phenanthroline, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, and indole under comparably mild reaction conditions. In addition, recycling of these Co nanoparticles and their ability for dehydrogenation catalysis are showcased.
- Beller, Matthias,Chandrashekhar, Vishwas G.,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Kreyenschulte, Carsten,Murugesan, Kathiravan
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supporting information
p. 17408 - 17412
(2020/08/21)
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- Co Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Nitrogen Doped Carbon Tubes for Efficient Hydrogenation of Quinoline under Mild Conditions
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The hydrogenation of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic precursors in aqueous medium is quite challenging, especially at low temperature and without imposing molecular hydrogen pressure. In the light of the edges of metal nanoparticles (NPs) possess high selective activity, but most of the exposed metal surface does not. Hence, to influence the activity of the entire NPs surface, the use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) to obtain the metal NPs encapsulated in the carbon tubes which has been applied frequently. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of metal catalysts encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCT), which disperse on the hollow N-doped carbon framework (HNC), via pyrolysis ZIF-67, ZIF-67@ZIF-8, and ZIF-8@ZIF-67 step by step. The catalyst of Co@NCT/HNC shows outstanding activity of hydrogenation of quinoline under mild conditions, due to the synergistic effects between Co NPs, NCT and HNC, such as the NCT make the hydrogen reach the surface of the reactant rapidly, and the encapsulated structure can enormously prevent the metal aggregating.
- Yun, Ruirui,Hong, Lirui,Ma, Wanjiao,Zhang, Ruiyu,Zhan, Feiyang,Duan, Jingui,Zheng, Baishu,Wang, Suna
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p. 129 - 134
(2019/11/16)
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- NHC-Palladium(II) Mononuclear and Binuclear Complexes Containing Phenylene-Bridged Bis(thione) Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activities
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A series of mono- and binuclear Pd(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and phenylene-bridged bis(thione) (SCS) ligands were prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR, and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 1b, 2a, and 3b have been determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The catalytic activities of the synthesized palladium complexes in the regioselective reduction of quinolines to the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines were thoroughly investigated with ammonia-borane under mild reaction conditions. It is observed that the activities of the binuclear Pd(NHC) complexes were higher than those of the corresponding mononuclear complexes under the same conditions.
- Jia, Wei-Guo,Gao, Li-Li,Wang, Zhi-Bao,Wang, Jing-Jing,Sheng, En-Hong,Han, Ying-Feng
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p. 1790 - 1798
(2020/05/14)
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- Dual-Active-Sites Design of Co@C Catalysts for Ultrahigh Selective Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes
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The dual-active-sites Co@C catalyst provides a general powerful strategy to break the limitation of scaling relation on traditional metal surfaces and thus affords unprecedentedly selective hydrogenation of various N-heteroarenes as well as high activity and stability. A porous carbon shell not only allows H2 diffusion to Co sites for activation but also blocks accessibility of N-heteroarenes, and the hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes is achieved on carbon by the spilled hydrogen from Co sites. In addition, the presence of surface/subsurface carbon at the Co sites shows high anti-sulfur poisoning and anti-oxidant capability. Ideal heterogeneous metal hydrogenation catalysts are featured by simultaneously high activity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, we report a general yet powerful strategy to design and fabricate dual-active-sites Co@C core-shell nanoparticle for boosting selective hydrogenation of various N-heteroarenes. It can break the limitation of scaling relation on traditional metal surfaces, and thus afford unprecedentedly high selectivity, activity, and stability. Combining kinetics analysis and DFT calculations with multiple techniques directly unveil that the critical porous carbon shell with a pore size of 0.53 nm not only allows H2 diffusion to Co sites for activation and blocks accessibility of N-heteroarenes but also catalyzes hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes via hydrogen spillover from Co sites. In addition, the presence of surface/subsurface carbon at the Co sites shows high anti-sulfur poisoning and anti-oxidant capability. This work is valuable for guiding the design and manipulation of cost-effective and robust hydrogenation catalysts. Our research can provide an environmentally friendly approach to afford unprecedentedly selective N-heteroarenes hydrogenation, which will greatly reduce the resource and energy consumption and decrease the amount of waste discharge and water pollution. Therefore, these results could help in achieving the “Clean water and sanitation” goal in the 10 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Meanwhile, the products of N-heteroarenes hydrogenation are the core structural motifs in both fine and bulk chemicals, which will make our life more beautiful. Thus, our research also benefits the “Good health and well-being” goal.
- Zhang, Sai,Gan, Jie,Xia, Zhaoming,Chen, Xiao,Zou, Yong,Duan, Xuezhi,Qu, Yongquan
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supporting information
p. 2994 - 3006
(2020/09/04)
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- Selective C-H Olefination of Indolines (C5) and Tetrahydroquinolines (C6) by Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis
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Herein, we report a highly selective C-H olefination of directing-group-free indolines (C5) and tetrahydroquinolines (C6) by Pd/S,O-ligand catalysis. In the presence of the S,O-ligand, a wide range of challenging indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, and olefins was efficiently olefinated under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic potential of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient olefination of several indoline-based natural products.
- Jia, Wen-Liang,Westerveld, Nick,Wong, Kit Ming,Morsch, Thomas,Hakkennes, Matthijs,Naksomboon, Kananat,Fernández-Ibá?ez, M. ángeles
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supporting information
p. 9339 - 9342
(2019/11/21)
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- Iodine catalyzed reduction of quinolines under mild reaction conditions
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A reduction of quinolines to synthetically versatile tetrahydroquinoline molecules with I2 and HBpin is described. In the presence of iodine (20 mol%) as a catalyst, reduction of quinolines and other N-heteroarenes proceeded readily with hydroboranes as the reducing reagents. The broad functional-group tolerance, good yields and mild reaction conditions imply high practical utility.
- Yang, Chun-Hua,Chen, Xixi,Li, Huimin,Wei, Wenbo,Yang, Zhantao,Chang, Junbiao
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supporting information
p. 8622 - 8625
(2018/08/06)
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- Aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles catalyzed by cobalt porphyrin
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An efficient catalytic procedure has been developed for the aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles by cobalt porphyrin in the absence of any additives. The catalytic system could tolerate various 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives and some other N-heterocycles. The corresponding N-heteroaromatics could be obtained in 59–86% yields. The mechanism investigation suggested that the aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation might proceed with imine intermediate through radical paths.
- Zhou, Weiyou,Chen, Dongwei,Sun, Fu'an,Qian, Junfeng,He, Mingyang,Chen, Qun
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supporting information
p. 949 - 953
(2018/02/09)
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- “Naked” Iridium(IV) Oxide Nanoparticles as Expedient and Robust Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Nitrogen Heterocycles: Remarkable Vicinal Substitution Effect and Recyclability
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Iridium(IV) oxide nanoparticles were facilely prepared from iridium trichloride hydrate and sodium hydroxide by a ball-milling reaction at room temperature. The “naked” iridium nanocatalyst showed high stability and activity for the hydrogenation of a series of nitrogen heterocycles, for the first time, under a hydrogen balloon at room temperature with a selectivity of higher than 99%. Besides, an unprecedented substitution-dependent effect was discovered, where substrates with vicinal substituents on 2-, 3-, or 8-positions exhibited distinctly higher reaction rates than unsubstituted or remote substituted ones. Extraordinary recyclability was discovered in the hydrogenation of 2-methylquinoline for 30 runs without loss of activity. (Figure presented.).
- Ji, Yi-Gang,Wei, Kai,Liu, Teng,Wu, Lei,Zhang, Wei-Hua
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supporting information
p. 933 - 940
(2017/03/27)
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- A General and Highly Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Herein, a general and efficient method for the homogeneous cobalt-catalyzed hydrogenation of N-heterocycles, under mild reaction conditions, is reported. Key to success is the use of the tetradentate ligand tris(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)phosphine). This non-noble metal catalyst system allows the selective hydrogenation of heteroarenes in the presence of a broad range of other sensitive reducible groups.
- Adam, Rosa,Cabrero-Antonino, Jose R.,Spannenberg, Anke,Junge, Kathrin,Jackstell, Ralf,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 3216 - 3220
(2017/03/17)
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- Cobalt-catalysed transfer hydrogenation of quinolines and related heterocycles using formic acid under mild conditions
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Herein, we report the first example of homogeneous non-noble metal-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes. The combination of Co(BF4)2·6H2O with tris(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)phosphine L1 is able to selectively reduce quinolines in the presence of other sensitive functional groups, under mild conditions, using formic acid as a hydrogen source.
- Cabrero-Antonino, Jose R.,Adam, Rosa,Junge, Kathrin,Jackstell, Ralf,Beller, Matthias
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p. 1981 - 1985
(2017/07/15)
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- Uncoordinated Amine Groups of Metal-Organic Frameworks to Anchor Single Ru Sites as Chemoselective Catalysts toward the Hydrogenation of Quinoline
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Here we report a precise control of isolated single ruthenium site supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Ru SAs/N-C) through a coordination-assisted strategy. This synthesis is based on the utilization of strong coordination between Ru3+ and the free amine groups (-NH2) at the skeleton of a metal-organic framework, which plays a critical role to access the atomically isolated dispersion of Ru sites. Without the assistance of the amino groups, the Ru precursor is prone to aggregation during the pyrolysis process, resulting in the formation of Ru clusters. The atomic dispersion of Ru on N-doped carbon can be verified by the spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. Most importantly, this single Ru sites with single-mind N coordination can serve as a semihomogeneous catalyst to catalyze effectively chemoselective hydrogenation of functionalized quinolones.
- Wang, Xin,Chen, Wenxing,Zhang, Lei,Yao, Tao,Liu, Wei,Lin, Yue,Ju, Huanxin,Dong, Juncai,Zheng, Lirong,Yan, Wensheng,Zheng, Xusheng,Li, Zhijun,Wang, Xiaoqian,Yang, Jian,He, Dongsheng,Wang, Yu,Deng, Zhaoxiang,Wu, Yuen,Li, Yadong
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supporting information
p. 9419 - 9422
(2017/07/24)
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- Efficient Hydrogenation of Nitrogen Heterocycles Catalyzed by Carbon-Metal Covalent Bonds-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles: Synergistic Effects of Particle Size and Water
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We reveal here the first hydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles catalyzed by carbon–metal covalent bonds-stabilized palladium nanoparticles in water under mild conditions. Using a one-phase reduction method, smaller metal–carbon covalent bond-stabilized Pd nanoparticles were prepared with a size distribution of 2.5±0.5 nm, which showed extraordinary synergistic effects with water in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles. Water was supposed to accelerate substrate absorption and synergistic activation of molecular hydrogen on the Pd nanoparticles surface. The nanosized Pd catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for 5 runs. (Figure presented.).
- Zhang, Yu,Zhu, Jie,Xia, Yun-Tao,Sun, Xiao-Tao,Wu, Lei
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supporting information
p. 3039 - 3045
(2016/10/09)
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- Metal-Free Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Water: Expeditious Hydrogenation of N-Heterocycles Mediated by Diboronic Acid
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A hydrogenation of N-heterocycles mediated by diboronic acid with water as the hydrogen atom source is reported. A variety of N-heterocycles can be hydrogenated with medium to excellent yields within 10 min. Complete deuterium incorporation from stoichiometric D2O onto substrates further exemplifies the H/D atom sources. Mechanism studies reveal that the reduction proceeds with initial 1,2-addition, in which diboronic acid synergistically activates substrates and water via a six-membered ring transition state.
- Xia, Yun-Tao,Sun, Xiao-Tao,Zhang, Ling,Luo, Kai,Wu, Lei
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p. 17151 - 17155
(2016/11/23)
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- Substituted tetrahydroquinolines as potent allosteric inhibitors of reverse transcriptase and its key mutants
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Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are key elements of multidrug regimens, called HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy), that are used to treat HIV-1 infections. Elucidation of the structure-activity relationships of the thiocarbamate moiety of the previous published lead compound 2 provided a series of novel tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 RT with nanomolar intrinsic activity on the WT and key mutant enzymes and potent antiviral activity in infected cells. The SAR optimization, mutation profiles, preparation of compounds, and pharmacokinetic profile of compounds are described.
- Su, Dai-Shi,Lim, John J.,Tinney, Elizabeth,Wan, Bang-Lin,Young, Mary Beth,Anderson, Kenneth D.,Rudd, Deanne,Munshi, Vandna,Bahnck, Carolyn,Felock, Peter J.,Lu, Meiqing,Lai, Ming-Tain,Touch, Sinoeun,Moyer, Gregory,DiStefano, Daniel J.,Flynn, Jessica A.,Liang, Yuexia,Sanchez, Rosa,Prasad, Sridhar,Yan, Youwei,Perlow-Poehnelt, Rebecca,Torrent, Maricel,Miller, Mike,Vacca, Joe P.,Williams, Theresa M.,Anthony, Neville J.
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scheme or table
p. 5119 - 5123
(2010/03/31)
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- TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention relates to selective NK-1 receptor antagonists of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of disorders associated with an excess of tachykinins.
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- Novel routes to indoles, indolines, quinolines and tetrahydroquinolines from N-(cyclohexylidene)amines
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Cyclohexanones have been converted into a variety of bicyclic azaheterocycles of different oxidation level via a sequence of reactions involving (a) imination, (b) α-alkylation with N,N-disilyl-protected ω-bromoamines, (c) transimination, (d) α-chlorination of the resulting bicyclic imines and (e) dehydrochlorination and/or dehydrogenation. Appropriate choice of the reaction conditions selectively led to reactions to indoles, 7-chloroindoles, 7-chloroindolines, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles, 8-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 8-chloroquinolines or quinolines.
- De Kimpe, Norbert,Keppens, Marian
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p. 3705 - 3718
(2007/10/03)
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