- Complete Oxidation of Sugars to Electricity by Using Cell-Free Synthetic Enzymatic Pathways
-
The present invention is in the field of bioelectricity. The present invention provides energy generating systems, methods, and devices that are capable of converting chemical energy stored in sugars into useful electricity.
- -
-
-
- Pyrazine-derived disulfide-reducing agent for chemical biology
-
For fifty years, dithiothreitol (DTT) has been the preferred reagent for the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins and other biomolecules. Herein we report on the synthesis and characterization of 2,3-bis(mercaptomethyl)pyrazine (BMMP), a readily accessible disulfide-reducing agent with reactivity under biological conditions that is markedly superior to DTT and other known reagents. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Lukesh, John C.,Wallin, Kelly K.,Raines, Ronald T.
-
supporting information
p. 9591 - 9594
(2014/08/18)
-
- Genome-wide screening reveals the genetic determinants of an antibiotic insecticide in Bacillus thuringiensis
-
Thuringiensin is a thermostable secondary metabolite in Bacillus thuringiensis and has insecticidal activity against a wide range of insects. Until now, the regulatory mechanisms and genetic determinants involved in thuringiensin production have remained unclear. Here, we successfully used heterologous expression-guided screening in an Escherichia coli-Bacillus thuringiensis shuttle bacterial artificial chromosome library, to clone the intact thuringiensin synthesis (thu) cluster. Then the thu cluster was located on a 110-kb endogenous plasmid bearing insecticide crystal protein gene cry1Ba in strain CT-43. Furthermore, the plasmid, named pBMB0558, was indirectly cloned and sequenced. The gene functions on pBMB0558 were annotated by BLAST based on the GenBank and KEGG databases. The genes on pBMB0558 could be classified into three functional modules: a thuringiensin synthesis cluster, a type IV secretion system-like module, and mobile genetic elements. By HPLC coupling mass spectrometer, atmospheric pressure ionization with ion trap, and TOF technologies, biosynthetic intermediates of thuringiensin were detected. The thuE gene is proved to be responsible for the phosphorylation of thuringiensin at the last step by vivo and vitro activity assays. The thuringiensin biosynthesis pathway was deduced and clarified. We propose that thuringiensin is an adenine nucleoside oligosaccharide rather than an adenine nucleotide analog, as is traditionally believed, based on the predicted functions of the key enzymes, glycosyltransferase (ThuF) and exopolysaccharide polymerization protein (Thu1).
- Liu, Xiao-Yan,Ruan, Li-Fang,Hu, Zhen-Fei,Peng, Dong-Hai,Cao, Shi-Yun,Yu, Zi-Niu,Liu, Yao,Zheng, Jin-Shui,Sun, Ming
-
scheme or table
p. 39191 - 39200
(2011/10/09)
-
- Para-hydrogenated glucose derivatives as potential 13c- hyperpolarized probes for magnetic resonance imaging
-
A set of molecules in which a glucose moiety is bound to a hydrogenable synthon has been synthesized and evaluated for hydrogenation reactions and for the corresponding para-hydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects, in order to select suitable candidates for an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for the assessment of glucose cellular uptake. It has been found that amidic derivatives do not yield any polarization enhancement, probably due to singlet-triplet state mixing along the reaction pathway. In contrast, ester derivatives are hydrogenated in high yield and afford enhanced 1H and 13C NMR spectra after para-hydrogenation. The obtained PHIP patterns are discussed and explained on the basis of the calculated spin level populations in the para-hydrogenated products. These molecules may find interesting applications in 13C MRI as hyperpolarized probes for assessing the activity of glucose transporters in cells.
- Reineri, Francesca,Santelia, Daniela,Viale, Alessandra,Cerutti, Erika,Poggi, Luisa,Tichy, Tomas,Premkumar, Samuel S. D.,Gobetto, Roberto,Aime, Silvio
-
experimental part
p. 7186 - 7193
(2010/07/09)
-
- Reactivity of some sugars and sugar phosphates towards gold(III) in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer medium
-
The kinetics of the oxidation of some aldoses and aldose phosphates have been studied spectrophotometrically in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer medium at different temperatures. The reactions are first order with respect to [Au(III)] and [substrate]. Both H+ and Cl- ions retard the reaction. The reactions appear to involve different gold(III) species, viz. AuCl4/-, AuCl3(OH2) and AuCl3(OH)-. The results are interpreted in terms of the probable intermediate formation of free radicals and Au(II). Aldoses react with gold(III) in the order: triose > tetrose > pentose > hexose. The sugar phosphates react with gold(III) at a faster rate than the parent sugars except glucose-1-phosphate, which reacts at slower rates than glucose. A tentative reaction mechanism leading to the formation of products has been suggested.
- Sen Gupta, Kalyan Kali,Pal, Biswajit,Begum, Bilkis Ara
-
p. 115 - 123
(2007/10/03)
-
- Reactivities of some sugar phosphates towards permanganate in perchloric acid medium and mechanism of the oxidation processes
-
The reactivities of some sugar phosphates towards permanganate have been examined in perchloric acid medium. The reactions are first order in [sugar phosphate] and [MnO4-]. The rate increases with increase in [H+]. The reactivities follow the order: erythrose 4-phosphate> ribose 5-phosphate> fructose 1,6-diphosphate> glucose 6-phosphate> glucose 1-phosphate. The mechanism of the reactions is discussed.
- Sen Gupta, Kalyan Kali,Tribedi, Partha Sarathi,Sen Gupta, Shipra
-
p. 427 - 430
(2007/10/03)
-
- Enzyme-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis: NAD(P)H Cofactor Regeneration by Using Glucose 6-Phosphate and the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides
-
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (from Leuconostoc mesenteroides) and glucose 6-phosphate comprise a useful system for regeneration of reduced nicotinamide cofactors for use in enzyme-catalyzed organic sysnthesis.This enzyme is approximately equally active in reduction of NAD and NADP.It is commercially available, inexpensive, stable, and easily immobilized.Glucose 6-phosphate can be prepared in quantity by hexokinase-catalysed phosphorylation of glucose by ATP (coupled with ATP regeneration) or by other methods.The operation in this regeneration system is illustrated by syntheses of enantiomerically enriched D-lactic acid (0.4 mol, enantiomeric excess 95percent) and (S)-benzyl-α-d1 alcohol (0.4 mol, enantiomeric excess 95percent) and by synthesis of treo-DS(+)-isocitric acid (0.17 mol).Factors influencing the stability of NAD(P)(H) in solution have been explored.
- Wong, Chi-Huey,Whitesides, George M.
-
p. 4890 - 4899
(2007/10/02)
-
