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Formamide catalyzed activation of carboxylic acids-versatile and cost-efficient amidation and esterification
A novel, broadly applicable method for amide C-N and ester C-O bond formation is presented based on formylpyrrolidine (FPyr) as a Lewis base catalyst. Herein, trichlorotriazine (TCT), which is the most cost-efficient reagent for OH-group activation, was employed in amounts of ≤40 mol% with respect to the starting material (100 mol%). The new approach is distinguished by excellent cost-efficiency, waste-balance (E-factor down to 3) and scalability (up to >80 g). Moreover, high levels of functional group compatibility, which includes acid-labile acetals and silyl ethers, are demonstrated and even peptide C-N bonds can be formed. In comparison to reported amidation procedures using TCT, yields are considerably improved (for instance from 26 to 91%) and esterification is facilitated for the first time in synthetically useful yields. These significant enhancements are rationalized by activation by means of acid chlorides instead of less electrophilic acid anhydride intermediates.
Huy, Peter H.,Mbouhom, Christelle
p. 7399 - 7406
(2019/08/20)

CoIII-Catalyzed Isonitrile Insertion/Acyl Group Migration Between C?H and N?H bonds of Arylamides
A general efficient and site-selective cobalt-catalyzed insertion of isonitrile into C?H and N?H bonds of arylamides through C?H bond activation and alcohol assisted intramolecular trans-amidation is demonstrated. This straightforward approach overcomes the limitation by the presence of strongly chelating groups. Isolation of CoIII-isonitrile complex B has been achieved for the first time to understand the reaction mechanism.
Kalsi, Deepti,Barsu, Nagaraju,Sundararaju, Basker
supporting information
p. 2360 - 2364
(2018/02/22)

Functional Group Transposition: A Palladium-Catalyzed Metathesis of Ar-X σ-Bonds and Acid Chloride Synthesis
We describe the development of a new method to use palladium catalysis to form functionalized aromatics: via the metathesis of covalent σ-bonds between Ar-X fragments. This transformation demonstrates the dynamic nature of palladium-based oxidative addition/reductive elimination and offers a straightforward approach to incorporate reactive functional groups into aryl halides through exchange reactions. The reaction has been exploited to assemble acid chlorides without the use of high energy halogenating or toxic reagents and, instead, via the metathesis of aryl iodides with other acid chlorides.
De La Higuera Macias, Maximiliano,Arndtsen, Bruce A.
supporting information
p. 10140 - 10144
(2018/08/23)

Method of co-producing methyl benzoic acid, methylbenzoyl chloride and phthaloyl dichloride
The invention discloses a method of co-producing methyl benzoic acid, methylbenzoyl chloride and phthaloyl dichloride. The method comprises the following steps: (1) continuously introducing xylene, acatalyst and oxygen-containing gas into an oxidizing reactor to react to obtain an oxidized reaction solution; (2) rectifying and separating the oxidized reaction solution to obtain a low-boiling-point component and an initial evaporative tower bottom; (3) rectifying the initial evaporative tower bottom to obtain a methyl benzoic acid product and a tower bottom; (4) carrying out an acylating chlorination reaction on the tower bottom and an acylating chlorination reagent to obtain an acyl chloride reaction solution; and (5) rectifying and separating the acyl chloride reaction solution to separately obtain methylbenzoyl chloride and phthaloyl dichloride products. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of being simple in process, small in equipment investment, green and environment-friendly and good in comprehensive economical benefit.
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Paragraph 0178; 0179; 0192-0194; 0196; 0198

(2018/06/16)

A O-between the - trifluoromethyl benzoic acid to synthetic method (by machine translation)
The present invention provides a O-between the - trifluoromethyl benzoic acid to the synthesis method, the method comprises the following steps: (1) between adjacent to methyl benzoic acid acylated preparation between neighbour methyl benzoyl chloride; (2) between the adjacent methyl benzoyl chloride to chlorine light between neighbour trichloromethyl benzoyl chloride is obtained; (3) adjacent to the trichloromethyl benzoyl chloride fluoride obtained between between neighbour trifluoromethyl methyl benzoyle fluoride; (4) adjacent to the trifluoromethyl benzoyle fluoride hydrolysis between the final product is obtained between neighbour trifluoromethyl methyl benzoic acid. The method of the invention cheap raw material, the product yield is high, the process is simple, is favorable for industrial production. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0021-0023

(2017/12/29)

Synthesis method of o-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate, m-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate and p-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate
The invention provides a synthesis method of o-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate, m-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate and p-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: taking methyl benzoic acid as a raw material, carrying out acylating chlorination to obtain methylbenzoyl chloride, carrying out side-chain chlorination to obtain trichloromethyl benzoyl chloride, carrying out fluorination substitution to obtain trifluoromethyl benzoyl fluoride, and carrying out esterification to obtain a final product which is trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate. The synthesis method can be used for producing the o-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate, the m-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate and the p-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate, is easily available in raw material, mild in reaction mechanism, high in reaction yield, few in reaction by-products, low in yield of three wastes and easy in treatment of three wastes, and is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0014-0015

(2018/03/01)

Nickel-catalysed direct alkylation of thiophenes via double C(sp3)-H/C(sp2)-H bond cleavage: The importance of KH2PO4
A Ni-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction was developed for constructing various highly functionalized alkyl (aryl)-substituted thiophenes. This method employs thiophenes and aliphatic (aromatic) amides that contain an 8-aminoquinoline as a removable directing group in the presence of a silver oxidant. The approach enables the facile one-step synthesis of substituted thiophenes with high functional group compatibility via double C-H bond cleavage without affecting C-Br and C-I bonds. DFT calculations verify the importance of KH2PO4 as an additive for promoting C-H bond cleavage and support the involvement of a Ni(iii) species in the reaction.
Wang, Xie,Xie, Peipei,Qiu, Renhua,Zhu, Longzhi,Liu, Ting,Li, You,Iwasaki, Takanori,Au, Chak-Tong,Xu, Xinhua,Xia, Yuanzhi,Yin, Shuang-Feng,Kambe, Nobuaki
p. 8316 - 8319
(2017/07/26)

Formamides as Lewis Base Catalysts in SNReactions—Efficient Transformation of Alcohols into Chlorides, Amines, and Ethers
A simple formamide catalyst facilitates the efficient transformation of alcohols into alkyl chlorides with benzoyl chloride as the sole reagent. These nucleophilic substitutions proceed through iminium-activated alcohols as intermediates. The novel method, which can be even performed under solvent-free conditions, is distinguished by an excellent functional group tolerance, scalability (>100 g) and waste-balance (E-factor down to 2). Chiral substrates are converted with excellent levels of stereochemical inversion (99 %→≥95 % ee). In a practical one-pot procedure, the primary formed chlorides can be further transformed into amines, azides, ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The value of the method was demonstrated in straightforward syntheses of the drugs rac-Clopidogrel and S-Fendiline.
Huy, Peter H.,Motsch, Sebastian,Kappler, Sarah M.
supporting information
p. 10145 - 10149
(2016/08/16)

Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Amides from Aldehydes and Amines via in Situ Acid Chloride Formation
An efficient visible-light photocatalysis-based one-pot amide synthesis method was developed; visible-light irradiation of a mixture of an aldehyde, tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, and N-chlorosuccinimide using a Ru(bpy)3Cl2 photocatalyst afforded an acid chloride, which subsequently reacted with amine to yield the corresponding amide. The reaction was used to synthesize moclobemide and a D3 receptor intermediate.
Iqbal, Naeem,Cho, Eun Jin
p. 1905 - 1911
(2016/03/15)

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C-H/C-C activation sequence: Vinylcyclopropanes as versatile synthons in direct C-H allylation reactions
Succession of C-H activation and C-C activation was achieved by using a single rhodium(iii) catalyst. Vinylcyclopropanes were used as versatile coupling partners. Mechanistic studies suggest that the olefin insertion step is rate-determining and a facile β-carbon elimination is involved, which represents a novel ring opening mode of vinylcyclopropanes. This journal is
Wu, Jia-Qiang,Qiu, Zhi-Ping,Zhang, Shang-Shi,Liu, Jing-Gong,Lao, Ye-Xing,Gu, Lian-Quan,Huang, Zhi-Shu,Li, Juan,Wang, Honggen
supporting information
p. 77 - 80
(2015/01/09)

Copper/silver-mediated direct ortho-ethynylation of unactivated (hetero)aryl C-H bonds with terminal alkyne
A copper/silver-mediated oxidative ortho-ethynylation of unactivated aryl C-H bonds with terminal alkyne has been developed.The reaction uses the removable PIP directing group and features broad substrate scope, high functional-group tolerance, and compatibility with a wide range of heterocycles, providing an efficient synthesis of aryl alkynes. This procedure highlights the potential of copper catalysts to promote unique, synthetically enabling C-H functionalization reactions that lie outside of the current scope of precious metal catalysis.
Liu, Yue-Jin,Liu, Yan-Hua,Yin, Xue-Song,Gu, Wen-Jia,Shi, Bing-Feng
supporting information
p. 205 - 209
(2015/02/19)

Design, synthesis and evaluation of rhodanine derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors
Aldose reductase (ALR) enzyme plays a significant role in conversion of excess amount of glucose into sorbitol in diabetic condition, inhibitors of which decrease the secondary complication of diabetes mellitus. To understand the structural interaction of inhibitors with ALR enzyme and develop more effective ALR inhibitors, a series of substituted 5-phenylbenzoate containing N-substituted rhodanine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro ALR inhibitory activity. Docking studies of these compounds were carried out, which revealed that the 5-phenylbenzoate moiety deeply influenced the key π-π stacking while 4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidines contributed in hydrogen bond interactions. The phenyl ring of benzylidene system occupied in specific pocket constituted from Phe115, Phe122, Leu300 and Cys303 while the rhodanine ring forms a tight net of hydrogen bond with Val47 at anionic binding site of the enzyme. The structural insights obtained from the docking study gave better understanding of rhodanine and macromolecular interaction and will help us in further designing and improving of ALR inhibitory activity of rhodanine analogs. Series of substituted 5-phenylbenzoate rhodanine analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their ALR inhibitory activity. The docking study of synthesized compounds was carried out, which revealed that the 5-phenylbenzoate moiety deeply influenced the key π-π stacking while 4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidines contributed in hydrogen bond interactions.
Agrawal, Yogesh P.,Agrawal, Mona Y.,Gupta, Arun K.
p. 172 - 180
(2015/01/30)

Synthesis and evaluation of novel azoles as potent antifungal agents
Using a rational approach to the design of antifungal agents, a series of azole agents with 1,3,4-oxadiazole side chains were designed and synthesized. The results of preliminary in vitro antifungal tests with eight human pathogenic compounds showed that all of the title compounds exhibited excellent activities against all of the tested fungi except Aspergillus fumigatus. Compounds 11e and 11f were found to be the most effective, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.0039 μg/mL, followed by voriconazole, which has a MIC of 0.0625 μg/mL. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole side chain is not the major contributor but plays a role in eliciting the observed antifungal activity.
Li, Liangjing,Ding, Hao,Wang, Baogang,Yu, Shichong,Zou, Yan,Chai, Xiaoyun,Wu, Qiuye
supporting information
p. 192 - 194
(2014/01/17)

Rhodium-catalyzed C-H alkynylation of arenes at room temperature
The rhodium(III)-catalyzed ortho C-H alkynylation of non-electronically activated arenes is disclosed. This process features a straightforward and highly effective protocol for the synthesis of functionalized alkynes and represents the first example of merging a hypervalent iodine reagent with rhodium(III) catalysis. Notably, this reaction proceeds at room temperature, tolerates a variety of functional groups, and more importantly, exhibits high selectivity for monoalkynylation. Hot rhod: A rhodium-catalyzed, electronically reversed Sonogashira reaction between unbiased arenes and the hypervalent iodine reagent 1 proceeds through C-H activation. This reaction displays excellent functional-group tolerance and high efficiency, and thus opens a new synthetic pathway to access functionalized alkynes. Cp=C5Me5, DCE=1,2-dichloroethane, Piv=pivaloyl, TIPS=triisopropylsilyl.
Feng, Chao,Loh, Teck-Peng
supporting information
p. 2722 - 2726
(2014/03/21)

A practical in situ generation of the schwartz reagent. reduction of tertiary amides to aldehydes and hydrozirconation
A new, highly efficient in situ protocol (Cp2ZrCl2/LiAlH(OBu-t)3) is described for the generation of the Schwartz reagent which provides a convenient method for the amide to aldehyde reduction and the regioselective hydrozirconation-iodination of alkynes and alkenes. Highlighted are chemoselective reductions of benzamides derived by directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, allowing the synthesis of valuable 1,2,3-substituted benzaldehydes. The single-step, three-component process proceeds in a very short reaction time, shows excellent functional group compatibility, and uses inexpensive and long-storage stable reducing reagents.
Zhao, Yigang,Snieckus, Victor
supporting information
p. 390 - 393
(2014/04/03)

Palladium(II)-catalyzed ortho-C-H arylation/alkylation of N-benzoyl α-amino ester derivatives
The palladium-catalyzed arylation/alkylation of ortho-C-H bonds in N-benzoyl α-amino ester derivatives is described. In such a system both the NH-amido and the CO2R groups in the α-amino ester moieties play a role in successful C-H activation/C-C bond formation using iodoaryl coupling partners. A wide variety of functional groups and electron-rich/ deficient iodoarenes are tolerated. The yields obtained range from 20 to 95 %. C-H activation: The transformation of N-benzoyl amino acid ester derivatives (Gly, Asp) has been studied, in which the ortho-C-H activation/C-C bond formation was achieved by using the synergistic system Pd(OAc)2/AgOAc and halide compounds as coupling partners in t-Amyl-OH under air (see scheme).
Misal Castro, Luis C.,Chatani, Naoto
supporting information
p. 4548 - 4553
(2014/05/06)

HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR THE INHIBITION OF PASK
Disclosed herein are new heterocyclic compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease. Methods of inhibiting PAS Kinase (PASK) activity in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
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Paragraph 0146

(2014/05/24)

Synthesis and evaluation of some substituted heterocyclic fluconazole analogues as antifungal agents
A new series of fluconazole analogues of 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-(2,4- difluoro-phenyl)-3-4-(substituted-heterocyclic ring-1H-1,2,3- triazol-1-yl)-2-propanols (1-10) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as antifungal agents. Preliminary antifungal tests showed that most of the title compounds exhibited moderate activity with broad spectrum against eight human pathogenic fungi in vitro, compounds 1 and 6 had the best antifungal activity against Candida albicans with the value of MIC80 = 0.5 μg/mL respectively.
Wang, Shudong,Zhang, Lei,Jin, Yongsheng,Tang, Jin Hao,Su, Hua,Yu, Shichong,Ren, Haixiang
p. 2362 - 2364
(2014/06/09)

Triazole-assisted ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylation of aromatic amides
Site-selective ruthenium(II)-catalyzed direct arylation of amides was achieved through C-H cleavages with modular auxiliaries, derived from easily accessible 1,2,3-triazoles. The triazolyldimethylmethyl (TAM) bidentate directing group was prepared in a highly modular fashion through copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and allowed for ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylations on arenes and heteroarenes, as well as alkenes, by using easy-to-handle aryl bromides as the arylating reagents. The triazole-assisted C-H activation strategy was found to be widely applicable, to occur under mild reaction conditions, and the catalytic system was tolerant of important electrophilic functionalities. Notably, the flexible triazole-based auxiliary proved to be a more potent directing group for the optimized ruthenium(II)-catalyzed direct arylations, compared with pyridyl-substituted amides or substrates derived from 8-aminoquinoline. Assisting activation: Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C-H arylations of (hetero)arenes and alkenes have been achieved with aryl halides through removable bidentate auxiliaries derived from modular 1,2,3-triazoles (see scheme; TAM=triazolyldimethylmethyl).
Al Mamari, Hamad H.,Diers, Emelyne,Ackermann, Lutz
supporting information
p. 9739 - 9743
(2014/08/18)

Cu(II)-mediated ortho C-H alkynylation of (hetero)arenes with terminal alkynes
Cu(II)-promoted ortho alkynylation of arenes and heteroarenes with terminal alkynes has been developed to prepare aryl alkynes. A variety of arenes and terminal alkynes bearing different substituents are compatible with this reaction, thus providing an alternative disconnection to Sonogashira coupling.
Shang, Ming,Wang, Hong-Li,Sun, Shang-Zheng,Dai, Hui-Xiong,Yu, Jin-Quan
supporting information
p. 11590 - 11593
(2014/10/15)

Pyridyl benzamides as a novel class of potent inhibitors for the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei
A whole-organism screen of approximately 87000 compounds against Trypanosoma brucei brucei identified a number of promising compounds for medicinal chemistry optimization. One of these classes of compounds we termed the pyridyl benzamides. While the initial hit had an IC50 of 12 μM, it was small enough to be attractive for further optimization, and we utilized three parallel approaches to develop the structure-activity relationships. We determined that the physicochemical properties for this class are generally favorable with particular positions identified that appear to block metabolism when substituted and others that modulate solubility. Our most active compound is 79, which has an IC50 of 0.045 μM against the human pathogenic strain Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and is more than 4000 times less active against the mammalian L6 cell line.
Ferrins, Lori,Gazdik, Michelle,Rahmani, Rapha?l,Varghese, Swapna,Sykes, Melissa L.,Jones, Amy J.,Avery, Vicky M.,White, Karen L.,Ryan, Eileen,Charman, Susan A.,Kaiser, Marcel,Bergstr?m, Christel A. S.,Baell, Jonathan B.
supporting information
p. 6393 - 6402
(2014/10/15)

Ni(II)-catalyzed oxidative coupling between C(sp2)-H in benzamides and C(sp3)-H in toluene derivatives
Oxidative coupling between C(sp2)-H bonds and C(sp3)-H bonds is achieved by the Ni(II)-catalyzed reaction of benzamides containing an 8-aminoquinoline moiety as the directing group with toluene derivatives in the presence of heptafluoroisopropyl iodide as the oxidant. The method has a broad scope and shows high functional group compatibility. Toluene derivatives can be used as the coupling partner in an unreactive solvent.
Aihara, Yoshinori,Tobisu, Mamoru,Fukumoto, Yoshiya,Chatani, Naoto
supporting information
p. 15509 - 15512
(2014/12/11)

Metal-free iodine(III)-promoted synthesis of isoquinolones
A metal-free oxidative cycloaddition reaction of substituted benzamides and alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of isoquinolones by using bis(trifluoracetoxy)iodobenzene (PIFA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Under mild conditions, a wide variety of isoquinolones were conveniently prepared via oxidative annulation of simple N-methoxybenzamide and diarylacetylene or aryl/alkyl acetylene derivatives in yields up to 87%.
Chen, Zhi-Wei,Zhu, Yi-Zhou,Ou, Jin-Wang,Wang, Ya-Ping,Zheng, Jian-Yu
p. 10988 - 10998
(2015/01/08)

Mild rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones: Direct and stereoselective synthesis of (E)-allylic alcohols
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H direct allylation reaction with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones has been developed. The reaction provides a facile and stereoselective access to substituted-(E)-allylic alcohols under mild and redox-neutral reaction conditions. Olefinic C-H activation is applicable, giving multifunctionalized skipped dienes in good yields. Minimal double-bond migration was observed.
Zhang, Shang-Shi,Wu, Jia-Qiang,Lao, Ye-Xing,Liu, Xu-Ge,Liu, Yao,Lv, Wen-Xin,Tan, Dong-Hang,Zeng, Yao-Fu,Wang, Honggen
supporting information
p. 6412 - 6415
(2015/01/09)

Ligand-promoted alkylation of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds
9-Methylacridine was identified as a generally effective ligand to promote a Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3) - H and C(sp2) - H alkylation of simple amides with various alkyl iodides. This alkylation reaction was applied to the preparation of unnatural amino acids and geometrically controlled tri- and tetrasubstituted acrylic acids.
Zhu, Ru-Yi,He, Jian,Wang, Xiao-Chen,Yu, Jin-Quan
supporting information
p. 13194 - 13197
(2015/03/30)

Cu(II)-mediated C-H amidation and amination of arenes: Exceptional compatibility with heterocycles
A Cu(OAc)2-mediated C-H amidation and amination of arenes and heteroarenes has been developed using a readily removable directing group. A wide range of sulfonamides, amides, and anilines function as amine donors in this reaction. Heterocycles present in both reactants are tolerated, making this a broadly applicable method for the synthesis of a family of inhibitors including 2-benzamidobenzoic acids and N-phenylaminobenzoates.
Shang, Ming,Sun, Shang-Zheng,Dai, Hui-Xiong,Yu, Jin-Quan
supporting information
p. 3354 - 3357
(2014/03/21)

3H-1,2,4-Dithiazol-3-one compounds as novel potential affordable antitubercular agents
Small molecules with oxathiazol-2-one moiety were recently reported as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium bovis var. bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG), among which HT1171 was the most potent and selective proteasome inhibitor. Herein we synthesized a series of novel compounds by bioisosteric replacement of the oxathiazol-2-one ring with 3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-3-one, and also fifteen 1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one molecules in order for potency comparison and structure-activity relationship elucidation since their antibacterial effects on the virulent strains were not evaluated before. All the compounds were assessed for antitubercular activities on the virulent H37Rv strain by a serial dilution method. Among the tested compounds, 3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-3-one compound 4n was found to be the most active with a lowest MIC90 value of 1 μg/mL. Furthermore, the cytotoxicities of all the compounds against normal human liver cell line L02 were determined by an MTT method. Compound 4n displayed a lower inhibitory ratio than HT1171 at the concentration of 100 μM, indicating its better safety profile.
Yang, Jianzhong,Pi, Weiyi,Xiong, Li,Ang, Wei,Yang, Tao,He, Jun,Liu, Yuanyuan,Chang, Ying,Ye, Weiwei,Wang, Zhenling,Luo, Youfu,Wei, Yuquan
supporting information
p. 1424 - 1427
(2013/03/14)

Nickel-catalyzed direct alkylation of C-H bonds in benzamides and acrylamides with functionalized alkyl halides via bidentate-chelation assistance
The alkylation of the ortho C-H bonds in benzamides and acrylamides containing an 8-aminoquinoline moiety as a bidentate directing group with unactivated alkyl halides using nickel complexes as catalysts is described. The reaction shows high functional group compatibility. In reactions of meta-substituted aromatic amides, the reaction proceeds in a highly selective manner at the less hindered C-H bond.
Aihara, Yoshinori,Chatani, Naoto
supporting information
p. 5308 - 5311
(2013/05/21)

An efficient method for the preparation of hydroxamic acids
Reactions of acyl chlorides with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and NaHCO 3 generate the corresponding hydroxamic acid products in ethyl acetate and water at room temperature for 5 min. This is a simple and efficient method to synthesize a wide range of hydroxamic acids from carboxylic acids in excellent yield and high purity after simple post-treatment without chromatographic purification. In this process, the highlights are the simple separation of products and cheaply available reagents.
Gao, Xi-Ai,Wang, Xian-Xue,Yan, Hao,Li, Jian,Yan, Ru-Long,Huang, Guo-Sheng
p. 381 - 385
(2013/05/22)

Synthesis of selectively 18O-labeled phthalides using water-assisted cyclization
Two selectively 18O-labeled phthalides containing 18O either in the carbonyl (i.e., C18O) or in the alkoxy group (i.e., OC-18O) of the lactone ring were prepared in good yields (ca. 70%) from the corresponding m
Váňa, Ji?í,Panov, Illia,Erben, Milan,Sedlák, Milo?,Hanusek, Ji?í
supporting information
p. 3533 - 3537
(2013/07/19)

Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing thioether moiety has been synthesized via acylation reaction under mild conditions. Their in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were tested by agar dilution method and Oxford cup assay. Among the 17 compounds screened, 14-O-[(4-methoxybenzamide-2- methylpropane-2-yl) thioacetate] mutilin 4i, 14-O-[(2-aminobenzamide-2- methylpropane-2-yl) thioacetate] mutilin 5a and 14-O-[(4-aminobenzamide-2- methylpropane-2-yl) thioacetate] mutilin 5c were resulted as most active antibacterial agents.
Shang, Ruofeng,Liu, Yu,Xin, Zhijun,Guo, Wenzhu,Guo, Zhiting,Hao, Baocheng,Jianping, Liang
p. 231 - 238
(2013/07/27)

Synthesis of some new glutamine linked 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone derivatives as potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
A series of novel glutamine linked 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone conjugates was synthesized from methyl anthranilate and different substituted acids and acid chlorides. The compounds 5a-l were prepared in good yields. All compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and for antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus using paper disk diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were also determined by agar streak dilution method. The compound 5b was found to exhibit the most potent in vitro anti-microbial activity. When tested for their antioxidant activity, compounds 5i and 5l showed potent radical scavenging activity, while compound 5g had moderate effect against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. These results suggest that, the three quinazolinone analogs (5g, 5i, and 5l) could be considered as useful templates for future development to obtain more potent antioxidant agents.
Prashanth,Revanasiddappa
p. 2665 - 2676
(2013/07/26)

Efficient synthesis of hydroxyl isoindolones by a Pd-mediated C-H activation/annulation reaction
Radical reaction: A convenient synthesis of hydroxyl isoindolones by a Pd-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation reaction with near "click chemistry" efficiency is presented (see scheme; TBHP=tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide). This methodology features short reaction times (10-30 min), high atom economy, wide substrate scope (22 examples), and good reaction yields (up to 93 %). Copyright
Yu, Qingzhen,Zhang, Nana,Huang, Jianhui,Lu, Shaonan,Zhu, Yi,Yu, Xiaoxiao,Zhao, Kang
supporting information
p. 11184 - 11188
(2013/09/02)

Gram-scale ketone synthesis by direct reductive coupling of alkyl iodides with acid chlorides
Alkyl aryl ketones were prepared on a gram scale by the nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl iodides with aroyl chlorides. When scaled up 30-fold, this reaction shows a comparable coupling efficiency to the previously reported reaction performed under small-scale conditions. The mild and convenient reaction conditions show excellent tolerance to a range of functional groups and provide the ketones in good to excellent yields. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. New York.
Lu, Wenbin,Liang, Zhuye,Zhang, Yuwei,Wu, Fan,Qian, Qun,Gong, Hegui
p. 2234 - 2240
(2013/09/02)

Synthesis and invitro Evaluation of West Nile Virus Protease Inhibitors Based on the 2-{6-[2-(5-Phenyl-4H-{1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)acetylamino]benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl}acetamide Scaffold
In recent years, clinical symptoms resulting from West Nile virus (WNV) infection have worsened in severity, with an increased frequency in neuroinvasive diseases among the elderly. As there are presently no successful therapies against WNV for use in humans, continual efforts to develop new chemotherapeutics against this virus are highly desired. The viral NS2B-NS3 protease is a promising target for viral inhibition due to its importance in viral replication and its unique substrate preference. In this study, a WNV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor with a 2-{6-[2-(5-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)acetylamino]benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl}acetamide scaffold was identified during screening. Optimization of this initial hit by synthesis and screening of a focused compound library with this scaffold led to the identification of a novel uncompetitive inhibitor (1a24, IC50=3.4±0.2μM) of the WNV NS2B-NS3 protease. Molecular docking of 1a24 into the WNV protease showed that the compound interferes with productive interactions of the NS2B cofactor with the NS3 protease and is an allosteric inhibitor of the WNV NS3 protease.
Samanta, Sanjay,Lim, Ting Liang,Lam, Yulin
p. 994 - 1001
(2013/07/27)

Synthesis of biaryl imino/keto carboxylic acids via aryl amide directed C-H activation reaction
A novel Pd-catalysed C-H activation reaction for the synthesis of biaryl imino/keto carboxylic acids is developed. This reaction underwent aryl amide directed C-H activation ortho-acylation followed by ring closing and ring opening processes to give a range of biaryl imino/keto carboxylic acids. Our methodology features the utilization of a cheap and green oxidant (TBHP) as well as readily available aldehydes.
Zhang, Nana,Yu, Qingzhen,Chen, Ruixue,Huang, Jianhui,Xia, Yeqing,Zhao, Kang
supporting information
p. 9464 - 9466
(2013/10/01)

AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF STROBILURIN FUNGICIDES VIZ TRIFLOXYSTROBIN AND KRESOXIM-METHYL
The present invention relates to an improved process for the synthesis of E-isomer of compound of formula (5). It further relates to the conversion of formula (5), wherein R is H, to Intermediate (I) and subsequently to substantially pure Trifloxystrobin, compound of formula (I) in good yield.
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Page/Page column 28; 29

(2013/10/21)

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of substituted 6-amide-4- anilinoquinazoline derivatives as c-Src inhibitors
The 4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold has been historically used for designing EGFR/VEGFR/HER2 inhibitors while it has not been reported widely for developing c-Src inhibitors. Thus, a series of novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives grafting different amide moieties at the 6-position were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors for c-Src. In this manuscript, all of the designed compounds were screened via molecular docking using Discovery Studio 3.5 software. As expected, the results of the docking study revealed that most of these targeted compounds possessed lower binding energy than the positive control Saracatinib. Subsequently, all of the screened compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their c-Src in vitro inhibitory activities and in vitro antiproliferation assays against four human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, HepG-2, HeLa). Among these compounds, 24 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against c-Src kinase as well as at the cellular level, of which the IC50 value reached up to 2.9 nM, comparable to the positive compound Saracatinib. Kinase selectivity profile also demonstrated that compound 24 showed good selectivity over several close kinase targets. These results, along with relative 3D-QSAR study, could provide an important basis for further development of compound 24 as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Fang, Fei,Li, Dong-Dong,Li, Jing-Ran,Sun, Jian,Du, Qian-Ru,Gong, Hai-Bin,Zhu, Hai-Liang
p. 26230 - 26240
(2013/12/04)

Thermo-analytical determination of intermediates in the copper catalysed rearrangement of o-toluic acid to meta-cresol
The intermediates formed during the conversion of o-toluic acid 2 to m-cresol 1 in the presence of Cu(ii) according to the Keading process, together with the temperatures at which crucial changes occur, have been investigated by means of X-ray diffractome
Sunil, Abraham C.,Langner, Ernst H. G.,Marais, Charlene,Bezuidenhoudt, Barend C. B.
p. 2227 - 2233
(2013/09/02)

Facile synthesis and herbicidal evaluation of 2-Aryl-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones
The present work deals with the synthesis of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones carrying an aryl functional group at position-2. Synthesized compounds tested for herbicidal activity at three different doses (500 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL and 5μg/mL). Most of the compounds exhibited significant herbicidal activity against Lemna aequinocitalis welv. at higher dose (500 μg/mL). Among the tested compounds 2-phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (3a) and 2-(3-chlorophenyl)- 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4- one (3l) completely inhibited the plant growth at 500 and 50 μg/mL concentrations. All the synthetic compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis.
Hussain, Zaib,Khan, Zulfiqar Ali,Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza,Shahzad, Sohail Anjum,Yar, Muhammad,Hussain, Abdullah Ijaz,Chatha, Shahzad Ali Shahid,Mahmood, Nasir,Khan, Khalid Mohammed
p. 449 - 455
(2013/07/27)

A palladium-catalyzed carbonylation approach to acid chloride synthesis
We describe a new approach to acid chloride synthesis via the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides. The combination of sterically encumbered phosphines (PtBu3) and CO coordination has been found to facilitate the rapid carbonylation of aryl iodides into acid chlorides via reductive elimination from (tBu3P)(CO) Pd(COAr)Cl. The formation of acid chlorides can also be exploited to perform traditional aminocarbonylation reactions under exceptionally mild conditions (ambient temperature and pressure), and with a range of weakly nucleophilic substrates.
Quesnel, Jeffrey S.,Arndtsen, Bruce A.
supporting information
p. 16841 - 16844
(2013/12/04)

Analogues of fenarimol are potent inhibitors of trypanosoma cruzi and are efficacious in a murine model of chagas disease
We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent of Chagas disease, and the results of structure-activity investigations leading to potent analogues with low nM IC50s in a T. cruzi whole cell in vitro assay. Lead compounds suppressed blood parasitemia to virtually undetectable levels after once daily oral dosing in mouse models of T. cruzi infection. Compounds are chemically tractable, allowing rapid optimization of target biological activity and drug characteristics. Chemical and biological studies undertaken in the development of the fenarimol series toward the goal of delivering a new drug candidate for Chagas disease are reported.
Keenan, Martine,Abbott, Michael J.,Alexander, Paul W.,Armstrong, Tanya,Best, Wayne M.,Berven, Bradley,Botero, Adriana,Chaplin, Jason H.,Charman, Susan A.,Chatelain, Eric,Von Geldern, Thomas W.,Kerfoot, Maria,Khong, Andrea,Nguyen, Tien,McManus, Joshua D.,Morizzi, Julia,Ryan, Eileen,Scandale, Ivan,Thompson, R. Andrew,Wang, Sen Z.,White, Karen L.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4189 - 4204
(2012/07/27)

Synthesis of 12-oxobenzo[c]phenanthridinones and 4-substituted 3-arylisoquinolones via Vilsmeier-Haack reaction
Vilsmeier-Haack reaction on 3-arylisoquinolones resulted in versatile 4-formylated 3-arylisoquinolones that were further derivatized into 12-oxobenzo[c]phenanthridinones, 4-alkoxymethyl-3-arylisoquinolones, 3-aryl-4-phenoxymethylisoquinolones, 4-aminometh
Khadka, Daulat Bikram,Yang, Su Hui,Cho, Suk Hee,Zhao, Chao,Cho, Won-Jea
experimental part
p. 250 - 261
(2012/01/05)

Rh[III]-catalyzed direct C-H amination using N -chloroamines at room temperature
An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed direct C-H amination of N-pivaloyloxy benzamides with N-chloroamines proceeding at room temperature was achieved. The versatile directing group allows for selective mono- and diamination and can be readily converted to give valuable benzamide or aminoaniline derivatives. Mechanistic studies have been carried out to elucidate the reaction pathway.
Grohmann, Christoph,Wang, Honggen,Glorius, Frank
supporting information; experimental part
p. 656 - 659
(2012/03/08)

Palladium-catalyzed direct ortho -alkynylation of aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives
The palladium-catalyzed direct alkynylation of C-H bonds in aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives is described. The use of 8-aminoquinoline as a directing group facilitates the alkynylation of an electronically diverse range of C(sp2)-H bonds.
Ano, Yusuke,Tobisu, Mamoru,Chatani, Naoto
supporting information; experimental part
p. 354 - 357
(2012/03/09)

Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants
A series of stiripentol (STP) analogues namely, 2-[(1E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol- 5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ylidene]-N-(aryl/H)hydrazinecarboxamides 7a-h, (±)-(5RS)-N-(aryl/H)-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-tert-butyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamides (±)-8a-h, and (±)-[(5RS)-(1, 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl](aryl)methanones (±)-13a-f was synthesized by adopting appropriate synthetic routes and was pharmacologically evaluated in the preliminary anticonvulsant screens. The selected bioactive new chemical entities were subjected to ED50 determination and neurotoxicity evaluation. The most active congeners are 7h in MES screen and (±)-13b in scPTZ screen which displayed ED50 values of 87 and 110 mg/kg, respectively, as compared to that of STP (ED 50 = 277.7 and 115 mg/kg in MES and scPTZ, respectively).
Aboul-Enein, Mohamed N.,El-Azzouny, Aida A.,Attia, Mohamed I.,Maklad, Yousreya A.,Amin, Kamilia M.,Abdel-Rehim, Mohamed,El-Behairy, Mohammed F.
experimental part
p. 360 - 369
(2012/03/11)

HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that modulate kinase activity, including PI3 kinase activity, and compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treatment of diseases and conditions associated with kinase activity, including PI3 kinase activity, are described herein.
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Page/Page column 82-83

(2012/05/21)

Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and QSAR analysis of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol derivatives
A series of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The results of antimicrobial activity demonstrated that the compounds 10, 20, and 21 were the most active ones among the synthesized compounds. The QSAR studies revealed the importance of dipole moment (μ), total energy (Te), and topological parameters (κ1 and κ3) in describing the antimicrobial activity of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol derivatives. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.
Singh, Manjeet,Kumar, Sunil,Kumar, Ashwani,Kumar, Pradeep,Narasimhan, Balasubramanian
experimental part
p. 511 - 522
(2012/08/07)

Ketone formation via mild Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl halides with aryl acid chlorides
The present work highlights unprecedented Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of unactivated alkyl iodides with aryl acid chlorides to efficiently generate alkyl aryl ketones under mild conditions.
Wu, Fan,Lu, Wenbin,Qian, Qun,Ren, Qinghua,Gong, Hegui
supporting information; scheme or table
p. 3044 - 3047
(2012/08/07)

Synthesis and evaluation of boronic acids as inhibitors of Penicillin Binding Proteins of classes A, B and C
In response to the widespread use of β-lactam antibiotics bacteria have evolved drug resistance mechanisms that include the production of resistant Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs). Boronic acids are potent β-lactamase inhibitors and have been shown to display some specificity for soluble transpeptidases and PBPs, but their potential as inhibitors of the latter enzymes is yet to be widely explored. Recently, a (2,6-dimethoxybenzamido) methylboronic acid was identified as being a potent inhibitor of Actinomadura sp. R39 transpeptidase (IC50: 1.3 μM). In this work, we synthesized and studied the potential of a number of acylaminomethylboronic acids as inhibitors of PBPs from different classes. Several derivatives inhibited PBPs of classes A, B and C from penicillin sensitive strains. The (2-nitrobenzamido)methylboronic acid was identified as a good inhibitor of a class A PBP (PBP1b from Streptococcus pneumoniae, IC50 = 26 μM), a class B PBP (PBP2xR6 from Streptococcus pneumoniae, IC50 = 138 μM) and a class C PBP (R39 from Actinomadura sp., IC50 = 0.6 μM). This work opens new avenues towards the development of molecules that inhibit PBPs, and eventually display bactericidal effects, on distinct bacterial species.
Zervosen, Astrid,Bouillez, Andre,Herman, Alexandre,Amoroso, Ana,Joris, Bernard,Sauvage, Eric,Charlier, Paulette,Luxen, Andre
experimental part
p. 3915 - 3924
(2012/08/28)