P-Cymenesulphonic acid: An organic acid synthesised from citrus waste
An organic acid, p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid, is synthesised from citrus waste and demonstrated to be comparable to p-toluenesulphonic acid in examples of acid catalysis. Firstly the essential oil found in citrus waste is extracted by either steam distillation or microwave irradiation. Oxidising the limonene in the citrus oil to p-cymene followed by sulphonation gives p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid.
Clark, James H.,Fitzpatrick, Emma M.,MacQuarrie, Duncan J.,Pfaltzgraff, Lucie A.,Sherwood, James
experimental part
p. 144 - 149
(2012/09/07)
ORIENTATION OF THE SULFO GROUP IN THE SULFONATION OF DIALKYLBENZENES IN SOLVENTS
-
Krylov, E. N.,Korobtsova, I. V.
p. 1046 - 1049
(2007/10/02)
Mass Spectral Studies of Alkylbenzenesulphonic Acids Through Their S-Benzylisothiouronium Salts
The mass spectra of alkylbenzenesulphonic acids in the form of their S-benzylisothiouronium salts have been studied.These S-benzylisothiouronium salts dissociated into two parent reactant ions: (i) alkylbenzenesulphonic acid and (ii) S-benzylisothiourea.The characteristic fragmentation patterns of alkylbenzenesulphonic acids (0-5 substituted alkyls) were studied and compared with those of the parent ion peak hydrocarbons.The intensity of the molecular decreased with the increase in the molecular weight of the sulphonic acids.Desulphonation as well as loss of the alkyl group was observed in all the spectra.Migration of the alkyl group from S to 0, followed by degradation, was also observed in all the spectra studied.
Borthakur, Arun,Rao, V. S. Bhaskar
p. 48 - 54
(2007/10/02)
SOLUBILITY OF TOLUENE IN AQUEOUS SODIUM ALKYLBENZENESULFONATE SOLUTIONS.
The solubility of toluene in aqueous solutions of nine substituted sodium benzenesulfonates with short side chains was determined at 25 and 55 degree C using gas chromatography for the analysis of the saturated solutions. Tenax GC, which is used mostly for the separation of high boiling polar compounds, was found suitable for the analysis of aqueous solutions of toluene, a nonpolar, lower boiling compound. The solubility of toluene generally increases with sulfonate concentration except for the lowest members of the series (benzene- and toluenesulfonate) where a slight decrease in solubility (salting out) occurs at low concentrations. Toluene solubility in the aqueous phase generally increases with the number of alkyl carbons on the benzene ring. This work is relevant to oil recovery.