- Vinyl Sulfone-Based Inhibitors of Nonstructural Protein 2 Block the Replication of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
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Emerging infectious diseases like those caused by arboviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) pose a serious threat to public health systems. Development of medical countermeasures against emerging infectious diseases are of utmost importance. In this work, an acrylate and vinyl sulfone-based chemical series was investigated as promising starting scaffolds against VEEV and as inhibitors of the cysteine protease domain of VEEV's nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2). Primary screen and dose response studies were performed to evaluate the potency and cytotoxicity of the compounds. The results provide structural insights into a new class of potent nonpeptidic covalent inhibitors of nsP2 cysteine protease represented by compound 11 (VEEV TrD, EC50= 2.4 μM (HeLa), 1.6 μM (Vero E6)). These results may facilitate the evolution of the compounds into selective and broad-spectrum anti-alphaviral drug leads.
- Zhang, Huaisheng,Harmon, Moeshia,Radoshitzky, Sheli R.,Soloveva, Veronica,Kane, Christopher D.,Duplantier, Allen J.,Ogungbe, Ifedayo Victor
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p. 2139 - 2145
(2020/12/17)
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- Design of Gallinamide A Analogs as Potent Inhibitors of the Cysteine Proteases Human Cathepsin L and Trypanosoma cruzi Cruzain
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Gallinamide A, originally isolated with a modest antimalarial activity, was subsequently reisolated and characterized as a potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of the human cysteine protease cathepsin L. Molecular docking identified potential modifications to improve binding, which were synthesized as a suite of analogs. Resultingly, this current study produced the most potent gallinamide analog yet tested against cathepsin L (10, Ki = 0.0937 ± 0.01 nM and kinact/Ki = 8 730 000). From a protein structure and substrate preference perspective, cruzain, an essential Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease, is highly homologous. Our investigations revealed that gallinamide and its analogs potently inhibit cruzain and are exquisitely toxic toward T. cruzi in the intracellular amastigote stage. The most active compound, 5, had an IC50 = 5.1 ± 1.4 nM, but was relatively inactive to both the epimastigote (insect stage) and the host cell, and thus represents a new candidate for the treatment of Chagas disease.
- Boudreau, Paul D.,Miller, Bailey W.,McCall, Laura-Isobel,Almaliti, Jehad,Reher, Raphael,Hirata, Ken,Le, Thu,Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.,Hook, Vivian,Gerwick, William H.
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p. 9026 - 9044
(2019/10/16)
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- GLYT2 MODULATORS
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α-, β-, and γ-amino acid derivatives of formula I are disclosed as selective GlyT2 inhibitors for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) conditions such as muscle spasticity, tinnitus, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Formula I
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Page/Page column 38
(2010/02/11)
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- Stereoselective dihydroxylation reactions of γ-amino-α,β- unsaturated esters via their aryl ketimine derivatives
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OsO4-catalysed dihydroxylation reactions of the aryl ketimine derivatives of (E)-γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated esters gave anti selectivity ranging from 6.7:1 to 19:1, whereas the opposite syn selectivity was consistently observed with those of (Z)-γ
- Oh, Joon Seok,Jeon, Jongho,Park, Do Yeon,Kim, Young Gyu
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p. 770 - 771
(2007/10/03)
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- Intramolecular nucleophilic epoxidation of γ-amino-α,β- unsaturated esters with an N-hydroperoxymethyl group
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Intramolecular nucleophilic epoxidation reactions of γ-amino-α, β-unsaturated esters have been studied for the first time with a hydroperoxymethyl group attached to the nitrogen atom. The epoxidation was fast under mild basic conditions and highly anti se
- Yoo, Dongwon,Kim, Hyeonjeong,Kim, Young Gyu
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p. 1707 - 1710
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel glycine transporter type-2 reuptake inhibitors. Part 2: β- and γ-amino acid derivatives
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Several β- and γ-amino acid derivatives were prepared as glycine transport inhibitors and their ability to block the uptake of [ 14C]-glycine in COS7 cells transfected with human glycine transporter-2 (hGlyT-2) were evaluated. A range of lipoph
- Wolin, Ronald L.,Santillán Jr., Alejandro,Barclay, Tristin,Tang, Liu,Venkatesan, Hariharan,Wilson, Sandy,Lee, Doo Hyun,Lovenberg, Timothy W.
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p. 4493 - 4509
(2007/10/03)
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- Inhibition of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 by novel 2-oxoamides in vitro, in cells, and in vivo
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The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (GIVA PLA2) is a particularly attractive target for drug development because it is the rate-limiting provider of proinflammatory mediators. We previously reported the discovery of novel 2-oxoa
- Kokotos, George,Six, David A.,Loukas, Vassilios,Smith, Timothy,Constantinou-Kokotou, Violetta,Hadjipavlou-Litina, Dimitra,Kotsovolou, Stavroula,Chiou, Antonia,Beltzner, Christopher C.,Dennis, Edward A.
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p. 3615 - 3628
(2007/10/03)
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- Trifluoroacetic acid-mediated intramolecular formal N-H insertion reactions with amino-α-diazoketones: A facile and efficient synthesis of optically pure pyrrolidinones and piperidinones
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Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found to promote intramolecular formal N-H insertion reactions. Upon treatment with TFA, optically pure N-Boc-β′-amino-α-diazoketones (5a-c) and N-Boc-γ′-amino-α-diazoketones (10a-d) can be converted, with retention of chira
- Yang, Hua,Jurkauskas, Valdas,Mackintosh, Nicole,Mogren, Tobias,Stephenson, Corey R. J.,Foster, Katherine,Brown, William,Roberts, Edward
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p. 800 - 808
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel synthesis of 1,3-benzodiazepin-2-ones using intramolecular heck reaction
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The formation of the skeleton of 1,3-benzodiazepin-2-one could be efficiently achieved by intramolecular Heck reaction. This methodology was well applicable to the preparation of optically pure 4-substituted 1,3-benzodiazepin-2-ones starting from easily available α-amino acids.
- Hayashi, Masahito,Sai, Hiroshi,Horikawa, Hiroshi
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p. 1331 - 1335
(2007/10/03)
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- Rationally designed 'dipeptoid' analogues of cholecystokinin (CCK): C-terminal structure-activity relationships of α-methyl tryptophan derivatives
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This paper outlines the synthesis and C-terminal structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of α-methyl tryptophanylphenethylamide analogues of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK).CCK-B and CCK-A receptor binding affinities of these analogues are described and the contributions of the various side chains on the phenethylamide moiety to binding affinity are discussed.Several of the compounds prepared have CCK-B receptor binding affinities similar to that found with the endogenous neuropeptide CCK-26-33 (sulphated) (CCK-B, IC50 = 0.3 nM) and are highly selective over the CCK-A receptor.Amongst the most potent of the compounds synthesized are *,S*)>-β-3,7>dec-2-yloxy)carbonyl>amino>propyl>amino>benzenebutanoic acid 22, *,S*)>-3,7>dec-2-yloxy)carbonyl>amino>propyl>amino>-3-phenylpropyl>thio>acetic acid 28a and *,S*)>-3,7>dec-2-yloxy)carbonyl>amino>propyl>amino>-3-phenylpropyl>sulfonyl>acetic acid 32 which have CCK-B receptor binding affinities of IC50 = 0.3, 0.3 and 0.2 nM with CCK-A/B ratios of 220, 700 and 1000, respectively.CCK-B receptor selective ligands, 22, 28a and 32 were also shown to be potent anatagonists in blocking pentagastrin-evoked excitation in neurons of the rat hypothalamic ventro-medial nucleus (VMN) with the Ke values of 2.8, 23 and 5.9 nM, respectively. Keywords: cholecystokinin / dipeptoid analogues / structure-affinity relationships / α-methyl-tryptophan derivatives / C-terminal
- Boden, P. R.,Eden, J. M.,Higginbottom, M.,Hill, D. R.,Horwell, D. C.,et al.
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