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 Fundamental Physical Constants
  • Fundamental Physical Constants
  • Fundamental physical constants
    Exponent (base 10) of decimal numbers: e n = 10n .
    Units are separated by spaces, positive numbers denote powers, all units to the right of the slash are in the denominator (negative powers).

    Planck constant h
    6.6260755e-34 J s
    h / (2 pi) = 1.05457266e-34 J s
    Boltzmann constant kB
    1.380658e-23 J/K
    Elementary charge e
    1.60217733e-19 C
    Avogadro number NA
    6.0221367e23 particles/mol
    Speed of light c
    2.99792458e8 m/s
    Permeability of vacuum mu0
    mu0 = 4 pi e-7 T2 m3/J
    12.566370614e-7 T2 m3/J
    Permittivity of vacuum epsilon0
    epsilon0 = 1 / (mu0 c2)
    8.854187817e-12 C2/J m
    Fine structure constant alpha
    1 / 137.0359895
    Electron rest mass me
    9.1093897e-31 kg
    Proton rest mass mp
    1.6726231e-27 kg
    Neutron rest mass mn
    1.6749286e-27 kg
    Bohr magneton muB
    muB = e h / (4 pi me)
    9.2740154e-24 J/T
    Nuclear magneton muN
    muN = e h / (4 pi mp)
    5.0507866e-27 J/T
    Free electron g factor ge
    2.002319304386
    Free electron gyromagnetic ratio gammae
    gammae = 2 pi ge muB / h
    1.7608592e11 1/s T
    gammae / (2 pi) = 28.024944 GHz/T
    Electron magnetic moment mue
    mue = -(1/2) ge muB
    -9.2847701e-24 J/T
    Proton gyromagnetic ratio (H2O) gammap
    2.67515255e8 1/s T
    gammap / (2 pi) = 42.576375 MHz/T
    Proton magnetic moment mup
    1.41060761e-26 J/T
    Proton-electron ratios
    mp / me = 1836.152701
    mue / mup = 658.2106881
    gammae / gammap = 658.2275841 (protons in water)
    Charge-to-mass ratio for electron e / me
    1.75880e11 C/kg
    Atomic mass unit amu
    1.66057e-27 kg
    Bohr radius a0
    5.29177e-11 m
    Electron radius re
    2.81792e-15 m
    Gas constant R
    R = NA kB
    8.31451 m2 kg/s2 K mol
    Molar volume Vmol
    22.41383 m3/kmol
    Faraday constant F
    F = NA e
    9.64846e4 C/mol
    Proton g factor (Lande factor) gH
    5.585
    Gravitational constant G
    (6.673 +- 0.010)e-11 m3/kg s2 (CODATA)
    6.67390 e-11 m3/kg s2 +- 0.0014 % (Jens Gundlach, Univ. of Washington; from: Der Tagesspiegel 2000-05-08)
    (6.6873 +- 0.0094)e-11 m3/kg s2 (Schwarz et al., Science 282, 2230 (1998))
    Acceleration due to gravity g
    9.80665 m/s2
    Compton wavelength of the electron lambdac
    lambdac = h / (me c)
    2.42631e-12 m

    Further useful constants
    Atomic energy unit Hartree
    1 Hartree = e2 / (4 pi epsilon0 a0)
    1 Hartree = 2.625501e+06 J/mol (approx. 627.5 kcal/mol)
    USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS
    NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)
    Proton Larmor frequency
    nup = gammap / (2 pi) B
    nup = 42.5764 MHz/T (H2O)
    EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, ESR)
    (Note that the use of brackets [ ] in the following expressions is not in accordance with standards which require the use of a slash, e.g. A/MHz.)
    Electron Larmor frequency
    nue = gammae / (2 pi) g / ge B
    nue [GHz] = 13.9962 g B [T]
    g = 0.07144775 nue [GHz] / B [T]
    g = 3.04199 nue [GHz] / nup [MHz]
    B [T] = 0.0234872 nup [MHz]
    Conversion of Units
    1 G = 0.1 mT
    1 T = 10 kG
    1 mT = 10 G
    A [MHz] = 2.80249 (g / ge) A [G]
    A [MHz] = 28.0249 (g / ge) A [mT]
    A [MHz] = 13.9962 g A [mT]
    A [MHz] = 2.99792e4 A [1/cm]
    A [1/cm] = 0.333564e-4 A [MHz]
    A [1/cm] = 4.66863e-4 g A [mT]


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