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Fig. 4 Series of photographs showing time profiles of the flexible
robotic arm motion of the CLCP laminated film induced by irradiation
with UV (366 nm, 240 mW cmÀ2) and visible light (>540 nm, 120 mW
cmÀ2) at room temperature. Arrows indicate the direction of light irra-
diation. Spot size of the UV light irradiation is about 60 mm2. Size of
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5 mm  3 mm. Thickness of the layers of the film: PE, 50 mm; CLCP
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to a flat one and revert to the initial state upon irradiation with
visible light, working as a ‘hinge joint’, which leads to a large and
flexible movement of the whole film. By controlling the irradiation
position and the intensity of the actinic light, one can drive the film
in a chosen manner, which enables us to use it as a flexible ‘robotic
arm’ to manipulate objects just by light irradiation.
In summary, laminated films composed of a homogeneously
aligned CLCP layer and a PE film have been prepared. Large and
rapid-responsive motions with the CLCP composite materials are
successfully induced by photoirradiation, which leads to novel three-
dimensional movements such as an inchworm walk and a flexible
robotic arm motion. These results show the high possibility of
numerous applications based on CLCP composites that can convert
light energy directly into mechanical work and move without any
batteries or electric wires.
9 M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C. J. Barrett
and T. Ikeda, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 4986–4988.
62 | J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 60–62
This journal is ª The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009