Structure of Helical Supramolecular Dendrimers
A R T I C L E S
structure of carbon nanotubes.11 The first group of nonbiological
macromolecules that exhibited helical structures in their crystal
state were stereoregular synthetic polymers.12 However, by
contrast with biological macromolecules, due to their fast
conformational dynamics they exhibit only short helical frag-
ments in solution.12b Synthetic polymers containing bulky side
groups,13 helicates,14a-c single- and double-stranded helical
polymers14c,k and other foldamers,14d-j and many classes of
supramolecular assemblies,15 including crown-shape15q and
discotic15c,d,m,n,r,s molecules, helicenes, 15t supramolecular den-
drimers,16 and self-organizable dendronized polymers,17 exhibit
helical structures that are persistent, just like biological
assemblies,7,8 in bulk and in solution. However, only mono-
disperse helicates14a-c and some foldamers14g,j form single
crystals of the quality required for the determination of their
helical structure. The other compounds had their helical structure
suggested mostly by circular dichroism (CD). CD experiments
provide limited information on the helical structure and are
susceptible to errors during their interpretation.18 From this
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