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Fig. 2 High resolution TEM image of Pd17Se15 obtained from 1 after
annealing at 450 1C.
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the proposition that 1 acts as a pre-catalyst which generates
nanosize Pd17Se15, probably the true catalytic species. This is
supported by comparable % conversions noticed when the
progress of reactions catalyzed with 1/Pd17Se15 with time was
monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy (details given in S4.1:
ESIw; Table S4.1 and Fig. S4.7).
In summary pre-catalyst 1 is efficient for the C–C coupling
of aryl bromides and chlorides (having substituents: –NO2,
–CN, –NH2, –OH, –OCH3, –CHO, –COCH3, –COOH) including
heteroaryl halides with phenylboronic acid. The activation
of aryl fluorides with 2 mol% of 1 is also possible. The
unprecedented observation that Pd17Se15 nanoparticles appear
to be the real catalyst has been made. The thermal stability,
aerobic and moisture insensitivity are additional advantages of
pre-catalyst 1.
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This work was supported by the Department of Science and
Technology, New Delhi-110016 (India) and the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (India).
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This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010
5956 | Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 5954–5956