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triarylamines the multiligand system was more efficient than a
system based on either ligand independently. We not only believe
this multiligand catalyst system will see widespread use, especially
in industry, but also expect that this approach toward catalyst design
will be applicable to other cross-coupling methodologies. We hope
that the use of multiligand systems will facilitate the development
of more comprehensive catalysts and, ideally, lead to the discovery
of a truly “universal” system.
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Acknowledgment. We thank the National Institutes of Health
for financial support of this project (Grant GM58160). B.P.F. thanks
Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and the American Chemical Society
for graduate fellowships. We are grateful to Professor David W. C.
MacMillan for insightful discussions.
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Supporting Information Available: Procedural and spectral data.
This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://
pubs.acs.org.
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