308
I.G. Rathish et al. / European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 49 (2012) 304e309
H-50), 3.82 (3H, s, OCH3). IR ymax (KBr): 3317 cmꢀ1 and 3294 cmꢀ1
(NH2), 1657 cmꢀ1 (C]O), 1599 cmꢀ1 (C]N), 1334 cmꢀ1 and
4.2. Pharmacology
1161 cmꢀ1 (SO2N), 1033 cmꢀ1 (OCH3). FAB-MS (m/z): 357 [Mþ]. 13
C
4.2.1. In vitro anticancer activity
NMR (75 MHz, DMSO,
d
): 55.77 (OCH3 at C-40), 131.62 (C-5 pyr-
A total of 60 human tumor cell lines, derived from nine cancer
types (leukemia, lung, colon, brain, melanoma, ovarian, renal,
prostate and breast) formed the basis of this test. The tumor cells
were cultured in PMI1640 medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf
idazinone), 131.95 (C-4 pyridazinone), 144.92 (C-6 pyridazinone),
158.94 (C-3 pyridazinone). Anal. Calcd for C17H15N3O4S: C, 57.13; H,
4.23; N, 11.76; S, 8.97. Found: C 57.09; H, 4.31; N, 11.62; S, 8.89.
serum and 2 mM L-glutamine. The tumor cells are inoculated over
4.1.1.5. 6-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-benzenesulfonamidepyrida-
a series of standard 96-well microtrite plates in 100 mL of medium
[29,30]. Density of inoculum depends on the type of tumor cell and
from its growth characteristics [27]. These cells are then pre-
incubated on the microtrite plate for 24 h before adding the
compounds. These were tested in DMSO solution at five different
concentrations (10ꢀ4, 10ꢀ5, 10ꢀ6, 10ꢀ7 and 10ꢀ8 M). After an incu-
bation of the chemical agent for 48 h with the tumor cell lines
a sulforhodamine B (SRB) protein assay was used to estimate cell
viability or growth. The cytotoxic effects are evaluated and the
assay results and doseeresponse parameters were calculated as
previously described [31].
zine-3(2H)-one (2e). Shiny off white crystals (m.p. 289e290ꢄꢄC).
Yield 57.8%. Rf ¼ 0.77. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6,
d): 8.19 (1H, d,
J ¼ 9.60 Hz, H-5), 7.81e7.98 (5H, m, N-phenyl protons and H-20), 7.80
(1H, d, J ¼ 8.33 Hz, H-60), 7.54 (3H, SO2NH2 and H-50), 7.25 (1H, d,
J ¼ 9.75 Hz, H-4), 2.40 (3H, s, CH3). IR ymax (KBr): 3302 cmꢀ1 and
3164 cmꢀ1 (NH2), 1651 cmꢀ1 (C]O), 1584 cmꢀ1 (C]N), 1343 cmꢀ1
and 1164 cmꢀ1 (SO2N). FAB-MS (m/z): 375 [Mþ], 376 [Mþ1], 377
[Mþ2], 378 [Mþ3]. 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO,
d
): 20.04 (CH3 at C-40),
132.40 (C-5 pyridazinone), 133.86 (C-4 pyridazinone), 154.35 (C-6
pyridazinone), 159.86 (C-3 pyridazinone). Anal. Calcd for
C17H14ClN3O3S: C, 54.33; H, 3.75; N, 11.18; S ¼ 8.53. Found: C, 54.19;
H, 3.61; N, 11.10; S, 8.41.
4.2.2. Acute toxicity determination
The determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is per-
formed in a way that conserves compound and minimizes the
number of animals sacrificed. Thus, a single mouse is given
a single injection (IP) of 400 mg/kg; a second mouse receives
a dose of.
200 mg/kg and a third mouse receive a single dose of 100 mg/kg.
The mice are observed for a period of 2 weeks. They are sacrificed if
they lose more than 20% of their body weight or if there are other
signs of significant toxicity. If all 3 mice must be sacrificed, the next
3 dose levels (50, 35 and 12.5 mg/kg) are tested in a similar manner.
This process is repeated until a tolerated dose is found. This dose is
then designated the MTD and is used to calculate the amount of
material administered to mice during antitumor testing. The mice
are allowed ad libitum feed and water. Injections are administered
IP. The compounds are solubilized in DMSO and dose volumes were
4.1.1.6. 6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-benzenesulfonamidepyridazine-
3(2H)-one (2f). Shiny off white crystals (m.p. 230e231 ꢄC). Yield
40.2%. Rf ¼ 0.73. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6,
): 7.95 (2H, d, J ¼ 7.86 Hz, H-
d
200, H-600), 7.85 (2H, d, J ¼ 7.95 Hz, H-300, H-500), 7.76 (1H, d,
J ¼ 9.56 Hz, H-5), 7.49 (2H, s, SO2NH2), 7.38 (1H, d, J ¼ 9.56 Hz, H-
4), 7.14e7.15 (3H, m, H-30, H-50, H-60), 2.32 (3H, s, CH3), 2.34 (3H,
s, CH3). IR ymax (KBr): 3311 cmꢀ1 and 3161 cmꢀ1 (NH2), 1654 cmꢀ1
(C]O), 1580 cmꢀ1 (C]N), 1343 cmꢀ1 and 1166 cmꢀ1 (SO2N).FAB-
MS (m/z): 355 [Mþ]. 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO,
d): 20.81 (CH3 at C-
20), 21.42 (CH3 at C-40), 133.46 (C-4 pyridazinone), 134.20 (C-5
pyridazinone), 151.40 (C-6 pyridazinone), 157.78 (C-3 pyr-
idazinone). Anal. Calcd for C18H17N3O3S: C, 60.83; H, 4.82; N,
11.82; S ¼ 9.02. Found: C, 60.75; H, 4.77; N, 11.75; S, 9.10.
4.1.1.7. 6-Biphenyl-2-benzenesulfonamidepyridazine-3(2H)-one (2g).
Shiny off white crystals (m.p. 272e273 ꢄC). Yield 45.7%. Rf ¼ 0.55.
5 mL, 2.5 mL and 1.25 mL/g of body weight.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6,
d
): 7.33 (1H, d, J ¼ 9.72 Hz, H-4), 7.46e7.61 (5H,
4.2.3. Hollow fiber assay
m, SO2NH2, H-90, H-100, H-110), 7.82 (2H, d, J ¼ 7.83 Hz, H-80, H-120),
7.92 (2H, d, J ¼ 8.13 Hz, H-30, H-50), 8.02 (2H, d, J ¼ 8.66 Hz, H-300, H-
500), 8.06 (1H, d, J ¼ 8.47 Hz, H-200, H-600). 8.13 (2H, d, J ¼ 8.08 Hz, H-
20, H-60). IR ymax (KBr): 3311 cmꢀ1 and 3161 cmꢀ1 (NH2), 1654 cmꢀ1
(C]O), 1579 cmꢀ1 (C]N), 1336 cmꢀ1 and 1165 cmꢀ1 (SO2N). IR
ymax (KBr): 3311 cmꢀ1 and 3161 cmꢀ1 (NH2), 1654 cmꢀ1 (C]O),
1579 cmꢀ1 (C]N), 1336 cmꢀ1 and 1165 cmꢀ1 (SO2N). FAB-MS (m/
Human tumor cells were cultivated in polyvinylidene fluoride
hollow fibers, and a sample of each cell line was implanted into
each of two physiologic compartments (intraperitoneal and
subcutaneous) in mice. After treatment with 2h at two test doses
using a QD X 4 schedule, fiber cultures were collected and the viable
cell mass was determined using a formazan dye conversion assay. A
scoring system was developed to simplify evaluation of the results.
The cell lines used were: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 (breast
cancer), NCI-H23 and NCI-H522 (lung cancer), OVCAR-3 and
OVCAR-5 (ovarian cancer), SF-295 and U-251 (CNS cancer), LOX
IMVI and UACC-62 (melanoma), COLO 205 and SW-620 (colon
cancer).
z): 403 [Mþ], 404 [Mþ1]. 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO,
d): 131.80 (C-5
pyridazinone), 133.84 (C-4 pyridazinone), 153.80 (C-6 pyr-
idazinone), 159.4 (C-3 pyridazinone). Anal. Calcd for C22H17N3O3S:
C, 65.49; H, 4.25; N, 10.42; S ¼ 7.95. Found: C, 65.39; H, 4.17; N,
10.22; S, 7.80.
4.1.1.8. 6-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2-benzenesulfonamidepyridazine-3(2H)-
Acknowledgment
one (2h). Off white crystals (m.p. 275e276 ꢄC). Yield 72.8%. Rf ¼ 0.7.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6,
d
): 8.15 (1H, d, J ¼ 9.76 Hz, H-5), 7.84e7.98 (6H,
This work was supported by Grant No. 32-228/2006 (SR) from
the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. One of the
authors, I. G. Rathish is thankful to UGC for fellowship. We thank
the Antitumor Evaluation Branch of the National Cancer Institute
for performing biological evaluations.
m, N-phenyl protons, H-20, H-60), 7.50 (2H, s, SO2NH2), 7.34 (2H, d,
J ¼ 7.73 Hz, H-30, H-50), 7.21 (1H, d, J ¼ 9.76 Hz, H-4), 2.65 (2H, q,
CH2), 1.20 (3H, t, CH3). IR ymax (KBr): 3313 cmꢀ1 and 3299 cmꢀ1
(NH2), 1654 cmꢀ1 (C]O), 1596 cmꢀ1 (C]N), 1336 cmꢀ1 and
1163 cmꢀ1 (SO2N). FAB-MS (m/z): 355 [Mþ], 356 [Mþ1]. 13C NMR
(75 MHz, DMSO, d
): 16.00 (CH3eCH2e at C-40), 21.42 (CH3eCH2e at
C-40), 131.86 (C-5 pyridazinone), 132.01 (C-4 pyridazinone), 146.19
(C-6 pyridazinone), 159.04 (C-3 pyridazinone). Anal. Calcd for
C18H17N3O3S: C, 60.83; H, 4.82; N, 11.82; S, 9.02. Found: C, 60.53; H,
4.77; N, 11.72; S, 8.92.
Appendix. Supplementary material
Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in