Journal of Natural Products
Article
H2O (0.1 mL each), and the organic layer was analyzed by GC: column
SPB-1 (0.25 mm × 30 m), detector FID, column temp 210 °C, injector
temp 270 °C, detector temp 300 °C, carrier gas He (2 mL/min). A peak
was found at the retention time of 14.11 min for compounds 5 and 6.
Two peaks were found at the retention time of 6.70 min for compounds
4 and 9. When standard solutions were prepared by the same reaction
from the standard glucoses and apiose, the retention times of per-
silylated D-glucose, L-glucose, D-apiose, and L-apiose were 14.11, 14.26,
6.70, and 6.95 min, respectively. By comparing of retention times, sugars
in compounds 4 and 9 were identified as D-glucose and D-apiose, and the
sugar in compounds 5 and 6 was determined to be D-glucose.
Cell Culture and Measurement of Cytokine Production.
BMDCs were grown from wild-type C57BL/6 mice (Taconic Farm,
NY, USA). Briefly, the mouse tibia and femur were obtained by flushing
with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium to yield bone marrow cells.
The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% heat-
inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, NY, USA), 50 μM
β-mercaptoethanol, and 2 mM glutamine supplemented with a 3%
J558L hybridoma cell culture supernatant containing granulocyte-
macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The culture medium was
replaced with fresh medium every second day. At day 6 of culture,
nonadherent cells and loosely adherent DC aggregates were harvested,
washed, and resuspended in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% FBS.
The DCs were incubated in 48-well plates in 0.5 mL containing
1 × 105 cells per well treated with the extracts in DMSO (1, 2, 5, and
10 μg/mL) and compounds in DMSO (2, 10, 25, and 50 μM) for 1 h
before stimulation with 10 ng/mL LPS from Salmonella minnesota
(Alexis, NY, USA). Supernatants were harvested 16 h after stimulation.
Concentrations of murine TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 in the culture
supernatant fraction were determined by ELISA (Pharmingen, CA,
USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The data are
presented as means standard deviation of at least three independent
experiments performed in triplicate.
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ASSOCIATED CONTENT
* Supporting Information
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Pharm. Bull. 2003, 51, 508−515.
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1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra are included for compounds
1−6 and 9 along with the CD spectrum of compound 9. This
material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.
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AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Author
*Tel: 82-32-749-4514. Fax: 82-32-749-4105. E-mail: kimsh11@
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Pharm. Res. 2008, 31, 983−988.
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Sci. 2009, 15, 44−49.
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Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
(30) Hu, H. B.; Zheng, X. D.; Jian, Y. F.; Liu, J. X.; Zhu, J. H. Arch.
Pharm. Res. 2011, 34, 1097−105.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program
through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
(2011-0025129). This work was supported in part by the Yonsei
University Research Fund of 2012.
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