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20. Assay protocol: Sf-9 membranes expressing either dopa-
mine hD2L, dopamine rD3 or hD4.2 receptors were purchased
from PerkinElmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA). Radioligands
used were [3H]Spiperone (D2 and D3 dopamine binding
assays, 1 nM), and [3H] YM-09151–2 (D4 dopamine binding
assays, 0.06 nM). [3H]Spiperone and [3H] YM-09151-2 bind-
ings were performed by the protocol provided by supplier of
Sf-9 membranes for both hD2L and rD3, and hD4.2 receptors,
respectively. Briefly, the buffer used in hD2L or rD3 receptor
binding assay was 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 10 mM MgCl2,
1 mM EDTA, or 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 5 mM MgCl2,
5 mM EDTA, 5 mM KCl, 1.5 mM CaCl2, 120 mM NaCl,
respectively. In [3H] YM-09151–2 receptor binding assays, the
buffer containing 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 5 mM MgCl2,
5 mM EDTA, 5 mM KCl and 1.5 mM CaCl2 was used. Non-
specific binding was determined with haloperidol (10 uM) and
clozapine (10 uM) for D2 and D3, and D4 receptors, respec-
tively. Competition binding studies were carried out with 8
concentrations of the test compound run in duplicate tubes,
and isotherms from three assays were calculated by compu-
terized nonlinear regression analysis (GraphPad Prism Pro-
gram, San Diego, CA) to yield inhibition constant (Ki)
values.