Paper
Green Chemistry
3 L. Filiciotto, A. M. Balu, J. C. Van der Waal and R. Luque,
Catal. Today, 2018, 302, 2–15.
Conclusions
An active and stable catalytic system based on platinum-
modified titania was prepared by a simple deposition method
from commercial P25 titania. Effective incorporation of plati-
num without compromising TiO2 original characteristics was
achieved for a 1 wt% Pt loading material. The prepared TiO2–
Pt catalyst exhibited high conversion (87%) and outstanding
selectivity (>80%) in the conversion of levulinic acid with ethyl-
amine, formed in situ from acetonitrile, towards 1-ethyl-5-
methylpyrrolidin-2-one. The use of different nitriles and carbo-
nyl compounds was further explored in order to gain more
insight into these types of reactions, as well as into the poten-
tial of the TiO2–Pt catalyst. Benzonitrile and ethylcyanoacetate
were tested as nitriles, revealing that the electron withdrawing
features of esters, as well as the interactions between platinum
and phenyl groups, considerably influence the reaction rates.
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
16 F. Lehmann and M. Scobie, Synthesis, 2008, 1679–1681.
17 S. Cakic, G. Nikolic, C. Lacnjevac, M. Gligoric,
J. Stamenkovic, M. B. Rajkovic and M. Barac, Sensors, 2006,
6, 1697–1707.
18 G. Jas and A. Kirschning, Chem. – Eur. J., 2003, 9, 5708–
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the support of TUBİTAK (The
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) 2219 19 M. J. Muñoz-Batista, D. Rodríguez-Padrón, A. R. Puente-
Fellowship program for financial support of CA. Mario
J. Munoz-Batista gratefully acknowledges MINECO for a JdC
Santiago, A. Kubacka, R. Luque and M. Fernández-García,
ChemPhotoChem, 2018, 2, 870–977.
contract (Ref. FJCI-2016-29014). Rafael Luque gratefully 20 H. P. L. Gemoets, Y. Su, M. Shang, V. Hessel, R. Luque and
acknowledges support from MINECO under project CTQ2016- T. Noël, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 83–117.
78289-P, co-financed with FEDER funds. Daily Rodriguez- 21 J. M. Bermudez, J. A. Menéndez, A. A. Romero, E. Serrano,
Padrón also acknowledges MINECO for providing a research
contract associated to the CTQ2016-78289-P project. This
J. Garcia-Martinez and R. Luque, Green Chem., 2013, 15,
2786–2792.
publication has been prepared with support from RUDN 22 M. J. Muñoz Batista, D. Rodríguez-Padrón, A. R. Puente
University Program 5-100.
Santiago and R. Luque, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2018,
6, 9530–9544.
23 Y.-B. Huang, J.-J. Dai, X.-J. Deng, Y.-C. Qu, Q.-X. Guo and
Y. Fu, ChemSusChem, 2011, 4, 1578–1581.
24 X.-L. Du, L. He, S. Zhao, Y.-M. Liu, Y. Cao, H.-Y. He and
K.-N. Fan, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2011, 123, 7961–7965.
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