Commentary
to a healthier lifestyle. To the extent that cancers can be
prevented, we must ensure that they are.
16. Alberts DS, Martinez ME, Roe DJ, Guillen-Rodriguez JM, Mar-
shall JR, van Leeuwen JB, Reid ME, Ritenbaugh C, Vargas PA,
Bhattacharyya AB, Earnest DL, Sampliner RE: Lack of effect of a
high-fiber cereal supplement on the recurrence of colorectal ade-
nomas. N Engl J Med 342:1156–1162, 2000.
Norman J. Temple, PhD
17. Schatzkin A, Lanza E, Corle D, Lance P, Iber F, Caan B, Shike M,
Weissfeld J, Burt R, Cooper MR, Kikendall JW, Cahill J: Lack of
effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal
adenomas. N Engl J Med 342:1149–1155, 2000.
Audrey L. Balay-Karperien, BS
Centre for Science
Athabasca University
18. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Teppo L, Aromaa A, Seppanen R: Role of
various carotenoids in lung cancer prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst
91:182–184, 1999.
Athabasca, CANADA
E-mail: normant@athabascau.ca
19. Onogi N, Okuno M, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Fukutomi Y, Mori-
waki H, Muto Y, Kojima S: Antiproloferative effect of carotenoids
on human colon cells without conversion to retinoic acid. Nutr
Cancer 32:20–24, 1998.
REFERENCES
20. Byers T: Diet, colorectal adenomas, and colorectal cancer. N Engl
J Med 342:1206–1207, 2000.
1. Temple NJ, Burkitt DP: The war on cancer—failure of therapy and
research: discussion paper. J Roy Soc Med 84:95–98, 1991.
2. Bailar JC, Gornik HL: Cancer undefeated. N Eng J Med 336:1569–
1574, 1997.
21. Temple NJ: Fruits, vegetables, and cancer prevention trials. J Natl
Cancer Inst 91:1164, 1999.
22. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe: “Health
and Health Behaviour among Young People: Health Behaviour in
School-aged Children.” WHO Policy Series: Health policy for
children and adolescents (international report) 1:84–96, 2000.
23. Patterson BH, Harlan LC, Block G, Kahle L: Food choices of
whites, blacks, and Hispanics: data from the 1987 national health
interview survey. Nutr Cancer 23:105–119, 1995.
3. Welch HG, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S: Are increasing 5-year
survival rates evidence of success against cancer? JAMA 283:
2975–2978, 2000.
4. World Cancer Research Fund (ed): “Food, Nutrition and the Pre-
vention of Cancer: a Global Perspective.” Washington, D.C.:
American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997.
5. Greenwald P, McDonald SS: Antioxidants and the prevention of
cancer. In Basu TK, Temple NJ, Garg ML (eds): “Antioxidants in
Human Health and Disease.” Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub-
lishing, pp 217–234, 1999.
24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “Nutrition
Progress Review. Healthy People 2000: Progress Reviews.” Wash-
ington, DC: DHHS, 1998.
25. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “Access to Qual-
ity Health Services. Healthy People 2010,” vol 1 (conf ed, 2 vols).
Washington, DC: DHHS, 2000.
6. Clifford CK, McDonald SS: Proper nutritional habits for reducing
the risk of cancer. In Wilson T, Temple NJ (eds): “Nutritional
Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention.” Totowa, NJ: Humana,
pp 59–74, 2001.
26. Temple NJ: Survey of nutrition knowledge of Canadian physi-
cians. J Am Coll Nutr 18:26–29, 1999.
7. Jacobs DR, Marquart L, Slavin J, Kuchi LH: Whole-grain intake
and cancer: an expanded review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer
30:85–96, 1998.
27. Kane AB, Kumar V: “Environmental and Nutritional Pathology:
Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease.” Philadelphia: Saunders,
1999.
8. Chatenoud L, Tavani A, La Vecchia C, Jacobs DR, Negri E: Whole
grain food intake and cancer risk. Int J Cancer 77:24–28, 1998.
9. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD: Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention:
a review. J Am Diet Assoc 96:1027–1039, 1996.
28. Temple NJ, Nestle M: Population nutrition, health promotion and
government policy. In Wilson T, Temple NJ (eds): “Nutritional
Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention.” Totowa, NJ: Humana,
pp 13–29, 2001.
10. Davis CD, Feng Y, Hein DW, Finley JW: The chemical form of
selenium influences 3,2Ј-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adduct
formation in rat colon. J Nutr 129:63–69, 1999.
29. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Pro-
motion: “Cancer Prevention and Control.” Centers for Disease
index.htm, visited February 2002.
11. Vinson JA, Stella JM, Flanagan RJ: Selenium yeast is an effective
in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and hypolipemic agent in normal
hamsters. Nutr Res 18:735–742, 1998.
30. Health Canada: “Health Promotion in Canada: a Case Study.”
Ottawa, ON: Supply and Services Canada, 1997.
12. Kim Y-I: Folate and carcinogenesis: evidence, mechanisms, and
implications. J Nutr Biochem 10:66–88, 1999.
31. Health Canada: “Health Infoway Canada: Paths to Better Health.
Final Report of the Advisory Council on Health Infostructure.”
Ottawa, ON: Minister of Public Works and Government Services,
1999.
13. Huang R-FS, Ho Y-H, Lin H-L, Wei J-S, Liu T-Z: Folate defi-
ciency induces a cell cycle-specific apoptosis in HepG2 cells. J
Nutr 129:25–31, 1999.
32. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “Nutrition and
Overweight. Healthy People 2010,” vol 2 (conf ed, 2 vols). Wash-
ington, DC: HHS, 2000.
14. Giovannucci E: Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and
cancer: review of the epidemiological literature. J Natl Cancer Inst
91:317–332, 1999.
33. Nestle M, Jacobson M: Halting the obesity epidemic: a public
health policy approach. Public Health Rep 115:12–24, 2000.
34. Simell O, Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Rask-Nissila¨ L, Tammi A,
15. Trock B, Lanza E, Greenwald P: Dietary fiber, vegetables, and
colon cancer: critical review and meta-analyses of the epidemio-
logic evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 82:650–661, 1990.
82
VOL. 21, NO. 2