10.1002/chem.201905030
Chemistry - A European Journal
FULL PAPER
Absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded using a UV-Visible
Acknowledgments
spectrophotometer (Evolution 220, ThermoFisher Scientific) and
a
fluorescence spectrophotometer (Spectrofluorometer FL4500, Hitachi). 1H
and 13C NMR spectra were measured using an Agilent Unity INOVA 500
spectrometer. FT-IR spectra were recorded on a JEOL FT/IR 660Plus
spectrometer. High-resolution ESI mass spectra were obtained with
ThermoFisher Scientific Exactive (ESI).
D. S. acknowledges the English Program of Environmental Earth Science
(EPEES) and scholarships by the Japan Student Services Organization
(JASSO). Y.T. thanks to Prof. H. Imahori and Prof. A. Frube for the
supports to measure transient absorption spectra. We acknowledge the
Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and
Materials.
Synthesis
Keywords: Photochemistry • Electron transfer • Donor-acceptor
systems • Betaines • Energy conversion
The synthesis and characterization of 1 are provided in the supporting
information. 2 was prepared according to the reported procedure.[15]
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DFT calculations
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Electrochemical Measurements
Electrochemical measurements were performed using a BAS ALS 630
electrochemical analyzer. Redox potentials were determined by differential
pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer. A glassy carbon (3 mm
diameter) working electrode, Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) reference electrode, and
Pt
wire
counter
electrode
were
employed.
Ferrocenium
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Nanosecond transient absorption measurements:
Nanosecond transient absorption measurements were carried out using
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Xenon lamp with a bandpass filter (>480 nm at 440 mW cm-2) and a blue
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cuvette. Sample solutions were irradiated by the individual light or by
simultaneously both the light sources on the same face of the cuvette to
achieve synchronous excitation of the molecule by both the blue and
yellow lights. A digital thermometer was used to analyze the temperature
response, and the sensor was dipped in the sample solution meticulously
by avoiding the direct illumination. Each experiment was repeated 4 times
to avail the standard deviation. From the data obtained, we analyzed the
differential thermal response by dual wavelength excitation by subtracting
the sum of individual wavelength response from the thermal response due
to simultaneous excitation with both the light source.
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