Green Chemistry
Paper
Raman and XPS analysis. The spectral pattern of used catalyst 14 X. Lang, H. Ji, C. Chen, W. Ma and J. Zhao, Angew. Chem.,
was compared to that of the virgin catalyst. The spectra of Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 3934.
spent catalyst did not differ from that of fresh catalyst. These 15 S. Furukawa, Y. Ohno, T. Shishido, K. Teramura and
results also divulge that the Keggin structure of TPAV1 remains
unaltered after the reaction.
T. Tanaka, ACS Catal., 2011, 1, 1150.
16 F. Su, S. C. Mathew, L. Mohlmann, M. Antonietti, X. Wang
and S. Blechert, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 657.
17 A. Dhakshinamoorthy, M. Alvaro and H. Garcia,
ChemCatChem, 2010, 2, 1438.
18 W. F. Hoelderich and F. Kollmer, Pure Appl. Chem., 2000,
72, 1273.
4. Conclusions
A highly efficient and selective catalyst for vapor-phase aerobic
oxidation of benzylamine to dibenzylimine was demonstrated. 19 I. V. Kozhevnikov, Chem. Rev., 1998, 98, 171.
FT-IR, Raman and XPS results suggested the incorporation of 20 N. Mizuno and M. Misono, Chem. Rev., 1998, 98, 199.
vanadium into the primary structure of heteropoly tungstate. 21 A. Brückner, G. Scholz, D. Heidemann, M. Schneider,
There was a strong interaction of TPAV1 with the surface of
silica. The presence of vanadium in the primary structure of
D. Herein, U. Bentrup and M. Kant, J. Catal., 2007, 245,
369.
heteropoly tungstate enhances the catalytic activity and selec- 22 N. Lingaiah, K. Mohan Reddy, P. Nagaraju, P. S. Sai Prasad
tivity due to controllable acidity and the redox nature of the and I. E. Wachs, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112, 8294.
catalyst. The catalyst is highly active for the oxidation of 23 M. Kanno, T. Yasukawa, W. Ninomiya, K. Ooyachi and
primary amine (benzylamine). In situ Raman and time-on- Y. Kamiya, J. Catal., 2010, 273, 1.
stream studies reveal that the catalyst is stable and exhibits 24 T. Ressler, U. Dorn, A. Walter, S. Schwarz and
consistent activity.
A. H. P. Hahn, J. Catal., 2010, 275, 1.
25 S. Benadji, P. Eloy, A. Leonard, B. L. Su, K. Bachari,
C. Rabia and E. M. Gaigneaux, Microporous Mesoporous
Mater., 2010, 130, 103.
26 K. T. Venkateswara Rao, P. S. N. Rao, P. Nagaraju,
P. S. Sai Prasad and N. Lingaiah, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem.,
2009, 303, 84.
Acknowledgements
The authors KTVR and BHB thank the Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for the award of
senior and junior research fellowships, respectively.
27 N. Lingaiah, J. E. Molinari and I. E. Wachs, J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 2009, 131, 15544.
28 D. Ryul Park, S. H. Song, U. G. Hong, J. G. Seo, J. C. Jung
and I. K. Song, Catal. Lett., 2009, 132, 363.
29 K. Yonehara, K. Kamata, K. Yamaguchi and N. Mizuno,
Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 1692.
30 A. S. H. Kumar, K. T. Venkateswara Rao, K. Upendar,
Ch. Sailu, N. Lingaiah and P. S. Sai Prasad, Catal.
Commun., 2012, 18, 37.
References
1 J. Gawronski, N. Wascinska and J. Gajewy, Chem. Rev.,
2008, 108, 5227.
2 K. C. Nicolaou, C. J. N. Mathison and T. Montagnon, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 5192.
3 R. Neumann and M. Levin, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 5707.
4 B. Zhu and R. J. Angelici, Chem. Commun., 2007, 2157.
31 K. T. Venkateswara Rao, P. S. Sai Prasad and N. Lingaiah,
Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1507.
5 B. Zhu, M. Lazar, B. G. Trewyn and R. J. Angelici, J. Catal., 32 K. T. Venkateswara Rao, B. Haribabu, P. S. Sai Prasad and
2008, 260, 1. N. Lingaiah, ChemCatChem, 2012, 4, 1173.
6 L. Aschwanden, B. Panella, P. Rossbach, B. Keller and 33 Ch. R. Kumar, K. Jagadeeswaraiah, P. S. Sai Prasad and
A. Baiker, ChemCatChem, 2009, 1, 111. N. Lingaiah, ChemCatChem, 2012, 4, 1360.
7 A. Grirrane, A. Corma and H. Garcia, J. Catal., 2009, 264, 34 N. Lingaiah, N. Seshu Babu, K. Mohan Reddy,
138.
P. S. Sai Prasad and I. Suryanarayana, Chem. Commun.,
2007, 278.
35 P. Nagaraju, N. Pasha, P. S. Sai Prasad and N. Lingaiah,
Green Chem., 2007, 9, 1126.
36 P. S. N. Rao, K. T. Venkateswara Rao, P. S. Sai Prasad and
N. Lingaiah, Catal. Commun., 2010, 11, 547.
8 M.-H. So, Y. Liu, C.-M. Ho and C.-M. Che, Chem.–Asian J.,
2009, 4, 1551.
9 A. Prades, E. Peris and M. Albrecht, Organometallics, 2011,
30, 1162.
10 G. Chu and C. Li, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2010, 8, 4716.
11 S. Kodama, J. Yoshida, A. Nomoto, Y. Ueta, S. Yano, 37 G. A. Tsigdinos and C. J. Hallada, Inorg. Chem., 1968, 7,
M. Ueshima and A. Ogawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 2010, 51,
437.
2450.
38 Y. Zhang, Z. Du and E. Min, Catal. Today, 2004, 93–95, 327.
12 R. D. Patil and S. Adimurthy, Adv. Synth. Catal., 2011, 353, 39 S. Shinach, M. Matsushita, K. Yamaguchi and N. Mizuno,
1695. J. Catal., 2005, 233, 81.
13 J.-R. Wang, Y. Fu, B.-B. Zhang, X. Cui, L. Liu and Q.-X. Guo, 40 C. Rocchiccioli-Deltcheff and M. Fournier, J. Chem. Soc.,
Tetrahedron Lett., 2006, 47, 8293.
Faraday Trans., 1991, 87, 3913.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
Green Chem., 2013, 15, 837–846 | 845