3D ANALYSIS OF STRESS-DEPENDENT OSTEOPONTIN FUNCTION ON BONES
667
Angiogenesis, Accumulation of Osteoclasts, and Resorption in 25. Muller R, Van Campenhout H, Van Damme B, Van Der Perre
G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, Ruegsegger P 1998 Morpho-
metric analysis of human bone biopsies: A quantitative struc-
tural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed
tomography. Bone 23:59–66.
Ectopic Bone. Endocrinology 142:1325–1332.
12. Kubota T, Yamauchi M, Onozaki J, Sato S, Suzuki Y, Sodek
J 1993 Influence of an intermittent compressive force on
matrix protein expression by ROS 17/2.8 cells, with selective
stimulation of osteopontin. Arch Oral Biol 38:23–30.
13. Harter LV, Hruska KA, Duncan RL 1995 Human osteoblast-
like cells respond to mechanical strain with increased bone
matrix protein production independent of hormonal regulation.
Endocrinology 136:528–535.
14. Klein-Nulend J, Roelofsen J, Semeins CM, Bronckers AL,
Burger EH 1997 Mechanical stimulation of osteopontin
mRNA expression and synthesis in bone cell cultures. J Cell
Physiol 170:174–181.
15. Toma CD, Ashkar S, Gray ML, Schaffer JL, Gerstenfeld LC
1997 Signal transduction of mechanical stimuli is dependent
on microfilament integrity: Identification of osteopontin as a
mechanically induced gene in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res
12:1626–1636.
16. Meazzini MC, Toma CD, Schaffer JL, Gray ML, Gerstenfeld
LC 1998 Osteoblast cytoskeletal modulation in response to
mechanical strain in vitro. J Orthop Res 16:170–180.
17. Miles RR, Turner CH, Santerre R, Tu Y, McClelland P, Argot
J, DeHoff BS, Mundy CW, Rosteck PR Jr, Bidwell J, Sluka JP,
Hock J, Onyia JE 1998 Analysis of differential gene expres-
sion in rat tibia after an osteogenic stimulus in vivo: Mechan-
ical loading regulates osteopontin and myeloperoxidase. J Cell
Biochem 68:355–365.
18. Carvalho RS, Schaffer JL, Gerstenfeld LC 1998 Osteoblasts
induce osteopontin expression in response to attachment on
fibronectin: Demonstration of a common role for integrin
receptors in the signal transduction processes of cell attach-
ment and mechanical stimulation. J Cell Biochem 70:376–
390.
19. Terai K, Takano-Yamamoto T, Ohba Y, Hiura K, Sugimoto
M, Sato M, Kawahata H, Inaguma N, Kitamura Y, Nomura S
1999 Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling caused by me-
chanical stress. J Bone Miner Res 14:839–849.
20. Ishijima M, Rittling SR, Yamashita T, Tsuji K, Kurosawa H,
Nifuji A, Denhardt DT, Noda M 2001 Enhancement of oste-
oclastic bone resorption and suppression of osteoblastic bone
formation in response to reduced mechanical stress do not
occur in the absence of osteopontin. J Exp Med 193:399–404.
21. Ulrich D, van Rietbergen B, Laib A, Ruegsegger P 1999 The
ability of three-dimensional structural indices to reflect me-
chanical aspects of trabecular bone. Bone 25:55–60.
22. Kabel J, Odgaard A, van Rietbergen B, Huiskes R 1999
Connectivity and the elastic properties of cancellous bone.
Bone 24:115–120.
26. Ito M, Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Tsurusaki K, Hayashi K
1998 Analysis of trabecular microarchitecture of human iliac
bone using microcomputed tomography in patients with hip
arthrosis with or without vertebral fracture. Bone 23:163–169.
27. Ruegsegger P, Koller B, Muller R 1996 A microtomographic
system for the nondestructive evaluation of bone architecture.
Calcif Tissue Int 58:24–29.
28. Muller R, Ruegsegger P 1996 Analysis of mechanical proper-
ties of cancellous bone under conditions of simulated bone
atrophy. J Biomech 29:1053–1060.
29. Harrigan TP, Mann RW 1984 Characterization of microstruc-
tural anisotropy in orthotropic materials using a second rank
tensor. J Mater Sci 19:761–767.
30. Feldkamp LA, Goldstein SA, Parfitt AM, Jesion G, Kleereko-
per M 1989 The direct examination of three-dimensional bone
architecture in vitro by computed tomography. J Bone Miner
Res 4:3–11.
31. Parfitt AM, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH, Kanis JA, Malluche H,
Meunier PJ, Ott SM, Recker RR 1987 Bone histomorphom-
etry: Standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units.
Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature
Committee. J Bone Miner Res 2:595–610.
32. Bikle DD, Morey-Holton ER, Doty SB, Currier PA, Tanner SJ,
Halloran BP 1994 Alendronate increases skeletal mass of
growing rats during unloading by inhibiting resorption of
calcified cartilage. J Bone Miner Res 9:1777–1787.
33. Kodama Y, Nakayama K, Fuse H, Fukumoto S, Kawahara H,
Takahashi H, Kurokawa T, Sekiguchi C, Nakamura T, Matsu-
moto T 1997 Inhibition of bone resorption by pamidronate
cannot restore normal gain in cortical bone mass and strength
in tail-suspended rapidly growing rats. J Bone Miner Res
12:1058–1067.
34. Bateman TA, Dunstan CR, Ferguson VL, Lacey DL, Ayers
RA, Simske SJ 2000 Osteoprotegerin mitigates tail
suspension-induced osteopenia. Bone 26:443–449.
35. Resnick N, Gimbrone MA Jr 1995 Hemodynamic forces are
complex regulators of endothelial gene expression. FASEB J
9:874–882.
Address reprint requests to:
Masaki Noda, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Molecular Pharmacology
Medical Research Institute
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
3–10, Kanda-Surugadai 2-Chome
Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
23. Muller R, Hildebrand T, Hauselmann HJ, Ruegsegger P 1996
In vivo reproducibility of three-dimensional structural proper-
ties of noninvasive bone biopsies using 3D-pQCT. J Bone
Miner Res 11:1745–1750.
24. Odgaard A 1997 Three-dimensional methods for quantifica- Received in original form June 22, 2001; in revised form Septem-
tion of cancellous bone architecture. Bone 20:315–328. ber 20, 2001; accepted October 25, 2001.